Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews最新文献

{"title":"China's 1+N policy system supports an earlier peak in carbon emissions","authors":"J.L. Liu ,&nbsp;T.T. Wang ,&nbsp;Y.H. Wang ,&nbsp;X.J. Lin ,&nbsp;R. Zhou ,&nbsp;K. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China is responsible for one-third of the global CO₂ emissions and plays a crucial role in shaping worldwide emission trends. To achieve carbon emissions peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, China has introduced the '1+N′ policy system, detailing objectives across economy-wide, sector, and subsector levels. However, the influence of these proposed targets remains unclear. In this study, the 1+N system was systematically examined, with all objectives identified and assessed to evaluate their anticipated impacts on carbon emissions and energy transition. It was found that full implementation of the targets could result in an early CO₂ peak of 12.7–13.1 Gt by 2026, or even earlier, depending on coal power transition. The planned phase-down of coal from 2026 to 2030 is pivotal for the overall peaking time and level, potentially contributing 46–61% of the mitigation potential. However, the absence of short term guidelines for this target, particularly regarding coal power transition before 2025, creates uncertainty in its implementation and may jeopardize the 2025 emissions targets. Clarifying coal power's strategic role within the ‘1+N’ policy framework is therefore crucial for China to achieve early peaking goals and accelerate global transition efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 115626"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of fracture networks in enhanced geothermal systems: Insights from integrated thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical and wellbore dynamics simulations","authors":"Zhenqian Xue ,&nbsp;Zichao Wei ,&nbsp;Haoming Ma ,&nbsp;Zhe Sun ,&nbsp;Chengang Lu ,&nbsp;Zhangxin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hot dry rock (HDR) fracturing is a critical stage in the development of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), and the pattern of an engineered fracture network plays a crucial role in cumulative heat recovery. However, current studies often lack completeness and accuracy when exploring the effects of various fracture networks, overlooking key factors such as chemical reactions, wellbore dynamics, and/or rock mechanical behaviors. This study develops combined thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical (THMC) and wellbore heat loss models, for the first time, to evaluate EGS heat recovery under different vertical-fracture and shear-fracture networks. The results reveal an over 3.9 % variance in heat recovery between THMC and other coupled models, while wellbore heat loss accounts for approximately 7.7 % of the thermal power production, underscoring the significance of incorporating both complex reservoir mechanisms and wellbore heat loss in EGS assessments. In addition, heat recovery improves with increased fracture spacing and number but decreased conductivity. Among vertical-fracture networks, an interrupted complex vertical-fracture system achieves the highest electricity generation of 1119.0 GWh over 20 years of operation. Meanwhile, shear-fracture networks often perform better in heat extraction than vertical-fracture systems, with the case featuring more shear fractures and higher permeability showing the highest electricity output of 1136.7 GWh. Importantly, increasing a fracture number contributes an additional 20.2 GWh, compared to only a 2.2 GWh gain from higher permeability, highlighting the fracture number as the dominant factor in shear-fracture systems. However, due to the higher injection pressure requirements, shear fracturing is best suited for reservoirs with abundant natural fractures. Otherwise, an interrupted complex fracture system is the preferred alternative. This study significantly improves the understanding of EGS performance across different fracture patterns, offering valuable insights to operators for improved decision-making in EGS development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 115636"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced biobutanol production through online product separation technology","authors":"Lifu Zhu ,&nbsp;Huixiong Zhong ,&nbsp;Zhuyang Chen ,&nbsp;Mengying Wu ,&nbsp;Keke Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biobutanol (n-butanol) has emerged as a crucial bulk chemical and alternative energy source for biofuels. It can be produced through acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation from biomass. However, the traditional separation process of biobutanol presents economic and energetic challenges due to the low concentration of solvent products. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in product separation technology. Various strategies for efficient and economical butanol recovery are examined and compared, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. It is concluded that biobutanol production through online product separation technology holds the greatest potential for extracting butanol from fermentation broth. Additionally, the feasibility of gas stripping integrated with ABE fermentation and other separation technologies in biobutanol production is critically discussed. Finally, a techno-economic analysis of biobutanol production is provided to enhance the commercial viability of advanced techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 115637"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing a nationwide supply chain for winter oilseeds in sustainable aviation fuel production: Pennycress, camelina, and carinata","authors":"Juliana Pin ,&nbsp;Daniela S. Jones ,&nbsp;Damon Hartley ,&nbsp;Pralhad H. Burli ,&nbsp;Matthew Langholtz ,&nbsp;Chad Hellwinckel ,&nbsp;David Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The U.S. aims to produce approximately 133 billion liters of sustainable aviation fuel annually by 2050 to address greenhouse gas emissions from the aviation sector and reduce reliance on petroleum-derived fuels. Meeting this target requires significant scaling of feedstock production and supply chain infrastructure. This research evaluates the national viability of winter oilseeds — pennycress, camelina, and carinata — as feedstocks as time progresses and at different demand levels. Leveraging crop production forecasts and a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model, this analysis determined strategic locations for processing facilities and biorefineries to minimize costs. Findings reveal that if all oilseed-producing counties participate, these crops could generate 4.24 billion liters of SAF by 2048 — only 3% of the 2050 target — at a cost of $0.68/liter of bio-oil at the biorefinery gate. Including meal credit in the model can reduce overall costs by up to 70%. Additional scenarios were examined for specific SAF demand levels: 1.32, 2.65, and 3.97 billion liters annually, representing 1%, 2%, and 3% of the 2050 target, respectively. Results estimated bio-oil unit costs ranging from $0.48-$0.64 per liter (cost excludes bio-oil to SAF conversion cost and co-product credits from this conversion). The analysis is limited by fixed processing capacities, reliance on truck-based deliveries of winter oilseeds, and the exclusion of downstream logistics beyond the biorefinery gate. Despite these constraints, this study contributes to SAF research by providing a scalable optimization framework and highlighting the critical need for enhanced infrastructure and diversified feedstocks to achieve U.S. SAF production targets efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 115555"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of low carbon fuels towards net-zero in integrated assessment models and energy system models: A critical review","authors":"Zipeng Liu ,&nbsp;Meixi Zhang ,&nbsp;Christian Bauer ,&nbsp;Russell McKenna","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-carbon fuels (LCFs) are crucial for achieving net-zero CO₂ emission goals in integrated assessment model (IAM) and energy system model (ESM) scenarios. The absence of a standardized LCF classification system and inconsistencies in modeling approaches have obscured the integration of various LCFs within these models and makes a meaningful comparison of scenario outcomes difficult. This study addresses these issues by conducting a comprehensive critical review of the representation of LCFs in IAMs and ESMs, focusing on the fuel's role in shaping net-zero emission futures. We categorize LCFs into key groups, including electrification, hydrogen, synfuels, and biofuels. Our analysis reveals substantial gaps in technical modeling, lifecycle emissions data, incomplete modeling of environmental impacts beyond CO₂ emission, and discrepancies in LCF applications across sectors. To enhance the accuracy of future scenarios, we recommend adopting a unified LCF classification system, standardized input data, and more detailed sectoral applications. Additionally, we advocate for the integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) into IAMs and ESMs to improve the evaluation of LCFs' full environmental impacts, providing a more comprehensive foundation for net-zero emission pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 115608"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgrading Fischer-Tropsch waxes to produce transport fuels by catalytic hydrocracking/isomerization: A review","authors":"Alejandro Ayala-Cortés,&nbsp;Christian Di Stasi,&nbsp;Daniel Torres,&nbsp;José Luis Pinilla,&nbsp;Isabel Suelves","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interest in using the Fischer-Trospch (FT) process to produce liquid fuels has greatly increased over the last 40 years. Many studies have analyzed several aspects related to the chemistry of the process, product distribution and kinetic models, along with the different catalysts and reactor prototypes, to improve the yield of the most valuable products, such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. Considering the reaction mechanism, heavy waxes with C_n &gt; 20 result to be inevitable products of FT synthesis. These hydrocarbons can represent up to 50 wt% of the total reactor output, notably lowering the yield of desired products. Although FT waxes have their own market sector, upgrading this product can also lead to fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, depending on current demand. This review analyzes the developments in upgrading FT waxes to produce transportation fuels by catalytic hydrocracking/isomerization, as well as the challenges facing current technologies and processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 115633"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban decarbonization policies and strategies: A sectoral review","authors":"F. Soares ,&nbsp;M.C. Silva ,&nbsp;I. Azevedo","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cities hold the lion's share of global greenhouse gas emissions. The continued increase of urbanization rates and the contribution of urban activities to climate change places urban areas at the heart of global decarbonization efforts. Cities worldwide have implemented a diversity of policy agendas, with those from the European Union being amongst the most ambitious, seeking to become net-zero by 2050. This study provides a literature review of decarbonization policies and strategies in global cities across sectors (e.g. buildings, transport, digitalization and cross-cutting programs). It aims at identifying existing trends and gaps in policy adoption and implementation, as well as the respective challenges and opportunities to help grasp the most effective policies in each sector. The role of different stakeholders in urban decarbonization is also discussed, alongside the key factors of successful policy deployment, including the importance of monitoring and evaluation. This review is expected to provide useful insights to local level decision-makers, as further decarbonization efforts are needed in the pursuit of carbon neutrality goals, and climate change mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 115617"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unitized regenerative fuel cells: Fundamental challenges and advancements","authors":"Asim Shahzad ,&nbsp;Haihui Joy Jiang ,&nbsp;Kondo-Francois Aguey-Zinsou","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) refers to a single cell that can operate as both an electrolyzer and a fuel cell. URFCs, therefore, could play a significant role in the shift to a sustainable energy future, decreasing the cost of implementing hydrogen technologies across applications from off-grid to distributed energy systems using renewables. However, to date, the high cost associated with the practical use of URFCs remains a significant barrier. Existing URFC stacks suffer from limited efficiency. Noble metals such as Pt, Ir, and Ru limit possible cost reduction and to date, only these noble metals can effectively catalyze the URFC reactions in a reversible way. Non-precious metal catalysts experience severe degradation and low intrinsic catalytic activity for both the hydrogen/air reaction in fuel cell mode and water splitting in electrolysis mode. This review provides a summary of the latest advancements in URFCs, highlighting areas for improvements and explores how separate state-of-the-art developments in electrolyzers and fuel cells could potentially enhance the efficiency of URFCs. The history and recent performance of URFC stacks, flooding and corrosion mechanisms, thermal and water management systems are discussed. Various optimization strategies for improving the performance of URFC components, such as the membrane, catalyst layer, bipolar plate, gas diffusion layer, and flow field designs, are also reviewed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 115631"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated energy system modeling perspectives for future decarbonization pathways based on sector coupling, life-cycle emissions and vehicle-to-grid integration","authors":"Anu Agarwal ,&nbsp;Tarun Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impending environmental crisis has propelled the global energy sector into radical transformation. Variable renewable energy necessitates unprecedented flexibility, transcending energy needs. Decarbonization is critical to achieving sustainable development goals on clean energy and climate action, creating a healthier planet for all. This critical review of current energy system modeling advocates integrated-whole-energy-system models as vital tools for generating diverse energy and policy-related insights. Sector-coupling is investigated, exploring the complex interplay between power, gas, transport, and heating. Nine challenges are delineated: Uncertainty, Renewable integration, Transparency and open-access, High-resolution modeling, Sector-coupling, Flexibility, Technological representation, Life-cycle emissions, and Social and human factors, while offering strategies for their resolution. This review envisions a future powered by renewables, achieving 50 % emissions and 30 % water usage reductions within a decade. The life cycle assessment integration can result in up to 80 % reductions in emissions; however, the cost may increase up to 40–60 %. Emerging technologies like green hydrogen and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) are vital drivers. Green hydrogen offers flexible storage and distribution while V2G transforms electric vehicles into prosumers, enabling grid flexibility and demand management, with studies demonstrating 20–50 % cost reductions and 65 % peak load reduction. A case study for the future decarbonization of the Indian power sector is presented in 19 scenarios based on recent studies, demonstrating the dominant role of solar and wind energy with around 55 % and 22 % share in 2050. This review pinpoints crucial research gaps, identifies successful strategies, and proposes new avenues to guide the energy sector toward a sustainable, low-carbon future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 115620"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-thermophilic anaerobic digestion (41–49°C): A review of its potential for enhanced methane production and system stability","authors":"Changxun Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiefei Mo ,&nbsp;Yong Qin ,&nbsp;Yabin Gong ,&nbsp;Ouru Zhan ,&nbsp;Bo Song ,&nbsp;Weixiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low methane production efficiency of mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) and the stability issues associated with thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) have become bottlenecks limiting the development of anaerobic digestion (AD) technologies. Recently, research focusing on the semi-thermophilic temperature range of 41–49 °C has suggested that this approach could effectively overcome these limitations. However, conflicting evidence regarding semi-thermophilic anaerobic digestion (STAD) has hindered the progress of related research and technological applications. This paper conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the methane production efficiency of STAD, systematically comparing its system stability and kinetic parameters relative to both MAD and TAD. The findings revealed that STAD holds significant potential for enhancing both methane production efficiency and system stability. The observed high efficiency and stability in STAD may be attributed to the adaptive growth and metabolic capabilities of its diverse microbial communities, as well as the balance between acid-alkalinity conditions and hydrogen regulation. Based on the insights from this review, recommendations for optimization and future research were proposed. This review contributes to the re-evaluation of traditional temperature classifications in AD, offering new insights into the mechanisms and broader applications of STAD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 115630"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}