{"title":"Phase change materials for low-temperature cold chain logistics: Advances, challenges, and eco-friendly solutions","authors":"Muhammad Shahzad , Rawaid Ali , Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cold chain is essential for maintaining the quality and safety of temperature-sensitive products during storage and transportation. However, conventional diesel-powered vapor compression refrigeration systems used in cold chain logistics are associated with high energy consumption, environmental pollution, and operational costs. In recent years, phase change materials have emerged as a promising alternative for cold energy storage, offering the potential to enhance energy efficiency and reduce emissions in cold storage applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of phase change materials-based cold storage technologies tailored for low-temperature cold chain logistics. It discusses the classification and thermophysical properties of phase change materials, including latent heat of fusion, thermal conductivity, supercooling, corrosiveness, and flammability. Key challenges associated with phase change materials usage, such as thermal performance, material compatibility, and cost, are critically analyzed, along with strategies for their mitigation. Furthermore, the review highlights current advancements in PCM selection and system integration across various cold chain equipment. Finally, future research directions are proposed to accelerate the development and commercialization of phase change materials-based solutions for sustainable cold chain logistics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 116700"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petro Kapustenko , Zdravko Kravanja , Igor Plazl , Petar Sabev Varbanov , Boton Bertok , Olga Arsenyeva , Andreja Nemet , Leonid Tovazhnyanskyy , Ting Pan
{"title":"Thermal-hydraulic performance of heat exchanger mini- and micro-channels with single-phase flows. A comprehensive review and a comparative study","authors":"Petro Kapustenko , Zdravko Kravanja , Igor Plazl , Petar Sabev Varbanov , Boton Bertok , Olga Arsenyeva , Andreja Nemet , Leonid Tovazhnyanskyy , Ting Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2026.116722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2026.116722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient use of energy is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of modern society. It requires increasing heat recuperation in various energy-reliant systems, which is possible with heat transfer devices of intensive action, operating in conditions of limited space for installation and material availability for their production. This is achieved by heat exchangers with mini- and micro-channels, regarded as the next generation of heat transfer equipment. A survey of publications on heat transfer and pressure losses in mini- and microchannels is presented, with focus on their thermal-hydraulic performance. It includes straight channels of various cross-sectional forms, channels with enhanced heat transfer for electronic cooling, additively manufactured microchannels, crisscross flow channels of microturbine recuperators, and plate heat exchangers. A novel Micro Heat Factor for the comparison of mini- and microchannels thermal-hydraulic performance is derived. For the detailed estimation of channel performance in specified process conditions, accounting for the differences in hydraulic diameters, the equation for optimal fluid velocity is proposed. The comparison of thermal-hydraulic performance for different types of mini- and micro channels is performed, and the possibilities of their use in heat exchangers at specific applications are discussed, followed by directions of future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 116722"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Wang , Wenqi Yu , Zhaoran Wu , Jingyan Lan , Jiefeng Liu , Zaixing Liu , Shihui Ma , Bingbing Chen , Peng Wu , Yanghui Li
{"title":"Physical, mechanical properties and constitutive models focus on gas hydrate reservoirs in the South China Sea: A review","authors":"Lei Wang , Wenqi Yu , Zhaoran Wu , Jingyan Lan , Jiefeng Liu , Zaixing Liu , Shihui Ma , Bingbing Chen , Peng Wu , Yanghui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The South China Sea (SCS) stands as one of the world's key regions boasting substantial reserves of natural gas hydrates. The mechanical characteristics and stability of hydrate reservoirs during exploitation in the SCS have always been frontier topics in the domain of marine geological engineering and energy development. As a typical geological carrier of hydrate reservoir in the SCS, clayey silts possess characteristics of non-diagenesis, low permeability and weak cementation. The hydrate exploitation process is easy to trigger reservoir settlement and deformation, and even cause wellbore collapse, submarine landslide and other disasters. Therefore, according to the characteristics of clayey silts in hydrate reservoirs of the SCS, exploring transformation law of deformation and strength during exploitation is crucial for realizing the safe and efficient development of hydrate resources. Based on this, this review methodically summarizes physical, mechanical properties and constitutive relationships associated with hydrate reservoirs in the SCS. Firstly, physical properties of host sediments and hydrate accumulation habits in them are introduced; Secondly, the influences of effective confining pressure, hydrate saturation and stress history on stress-strain and creep properties of reservoirs in the SCS are described; In addition, deformation characteristics of hydrate reservoirs in the process of exploitation by heat injection, depressurization and CO<sub>2</sub> replacement methods are demonstrated; Finally, mechanical constitutive models applicable to hydrate reservoirs in the SCS are introduced. This review will deliver theoretical guidance and data for the stability of reservoirs and safe exploitation of hydrate resources in the SCS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 116605"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaiyun Lei , Youliang Chen , Xi Du , Yungui Pan , Bo Lu , Pengjiao Jia , Tomas Manuel Fernandez-Steegerc , Rafig Azzamb
{"title":"A review of reservoir stimulation technologies for enhanced geothermal systems","authors":"Kaiyun Lei , Youliang Chen , Xi Du , Yungui Pan , Bo Lu , Pengjiao Jia , Tomas Manuel Fernandez-Steegerc , Rafig Azzamb","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) are a critical technology for the global low-carbon energy transition, yet their widespread commercialization is hindered by the core challenge of deep reservoir stimulation. To address this, we propose a unified analytical framework centered on the “Engineering Trilemma\": the conflicting objectives of ensuring effective connectivity, achieving sustainable heat extraction, and managing induced seismicity. A systematic assessment of the three primary stimulation paradigms—hydraulic, chemical, and thermal—reveals a crucial insight: no single technology can independently resolve its inherent trade-offs. While hydraulic stimulation is most potent for creating macroscopic connectivity, it poses the highest seismic and environmental risks. Chemical stimulation offers precise, micro-scale control but is constrained by a limited radius of influence and applicability to specific mineralogies. Thermal stimulation presents a less invasive, endogenous energy-driven approach, yet its efficacy is highly contingent on specific geological settings. This central insight reframes EGS engineering as the continuous management of these trade-offs and points to an inevitable paradigm shift. Future development must move beyond reliance on any single technology toward a data-driven, integrated, and adaptive reservoir management philosophy. This evolution will ultimately pave the way for a fundamental transition from speculative geological exploration to deterministic subsurface engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 116618"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of renewable energy in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: A systematic review and conceptual framework","authors":"Abdulaziz I. Almulhim , Ismaila Rimi Abubakar","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review examines the critical role of renewable energy in advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite the growing interest in the nexus between renewable energy and sustainable development, comprehensive analyses remain limited. To address this gap, the present study analyzes peer-reviewed articles to assess the scope, depth, and pathways through which renewable energy contributes to the SDGs. The 17 goals are categorized into three relevant tiers: direct, indirect, and broader development linkages; based on their level of relevance to renewable energy. The findings highlight the central role of renewable energy in ensuring access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy (SDG 7), while also facilitating progress in climate action (SDG 13), economic development (SDG 8), public health (SDG 3), urban sustainability (SDG 11), and social equity (SDG 10). Renewable energy offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and improving access to clean energy, especially in underserved and off-grid areas. However, its widespread deployment is hindered by high capital costs, technological challenges, regulatory fragmentation, and social acceptance barriers. The review emphasizes the need for integrative policy frameworks, inclusive governance, technological innovation, and multi-stakeholder partnerships to effectively integrate renewable energy with broader sustainable development strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 116679"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huijun Xi , Zhendong Yang , Zhenghua Liu , Yang Tang , Sheng Yang , Juanjuan Liu , Mikolaj Iwan , I.A. Ibrahim , Huaqun Yin
{"title":"Lithium mining 3.0: Towards a sustainable technology framework for transforming salt-lake brines into clean energy resources","authors":"Huijun Xi , Zhendong Yang , Zhenghua Liu , Yang Tang , Sheng Yang , Juanjuan Liu , Mikolaj Iwan , I.A. Ibrahim , Huaqun Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2026.116704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2026.116704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium (Li) extraction from salt-lake brines has become a central route for sustaining the clean-energy transition because hard-rock mining incurs high energy and environmental costs, whereas recycling remains limited. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of direct Li extraction technologies, covering nanofiltration (NF), solvent extraction, adsorption based on lithium-aluminum layered double hydroxides (Li/Al-LDHs) and manganese or titanium ion sieves, electrodialysis (ED) and bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED), and capacitive deionization (CDI). Each technology is analyzed in relation to the characteristics of the brine, including magnesium to lithium ratio (MLR), salinity, and coexisting ion composition. The discussion highlights key technological advances such as the use of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, the development of ultrathin polyamide (PA) separation layers, and the incorporation of Li intercalation materials into CDI systems. Among these, CDI and adsorption currently provide the most practical solutions for high magnesium (Mg) brines, while solvent extraction and electrochemical routes show strong potential for lower specific energy consumption per unit of Li produced and more energy-efficient operation. Remaining challenges include validation using natural brines, integration of extraction and regeneration processes, and resource circularity through by-product utilization. By combining mechanistic insights with process level understanding, this review establishes a framework for supporting research and industrial practice toward a stable and environmentally responsible Li supply chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 116704"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics, design, and optimization of earth-air heat exchangers: A review","authors":"Amir Imanloozadeh, William David Lubitz","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE), also known as a Ground Source Heat Exchanger (GSHE) or Ground-Air Heat Exchanger (GAHE), is used to condition air in buildings and store thermal energy in a soil volume. Heat transfer within an EAHE system consists primarily of convection between air within buried pipes and conduction within adjacent soil volumes. EAHEs are most commonly employed for cooling in warm areas, with horizontal configurations being more common than vertical ones; however, they are also used for heating and in other configurations. Parameters affecting EAHE performance and cost include pipe diameter, length, and air velocity, as well as pipe material and soil type. The impact of these variables on heat transfer performance is explored. The metrics used to quantify thermal performance are reviewed. The most common are the coefficient of performance (COP) and thermal efficiency. The thermal performance of EAHE systems has been modeled at various levels of complexity. Instances of one-, two-, and three-dimensional modeling approaches, as well as transient and steady-state simulations, are reviewed. Simulation tools such as ANSYS Fluent, COMSOL, and TRNSYS are frequently used, while some studies implement model equations directly in various programming languages. A range of optimization strategies for EAHE design and operation is reviewed. Experimental and numerical studies in the literature are reviewed, highlighting key examples and those that present relevant data suitable for validating future modeling studies. Finally, current research gaps are identified, and focus areas for future EAHE research are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 116677"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Gerard , Ahmad Rafiee , Mario Montalvan , Osamh Mahdi , Havvanur Feyza Kaya , Kaveh Khalilpour
{"title":"The Africa-Europe energy interconnection: Assessing green hydrogen suppliers for France","authors":"Paul Gerard , Ahmad Rafiee , Mario Montalvan , Osamh Mahdi , Havvanur Feyza Kaya , Kaveh Khalilpour","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green hydrogen (GH<sub>2</sub>) is a promising renewable energy vector with the potential to reduce global dependence on fossil fuels significantly. Although its production is technically feasible worldwide, the availability of natural resources and the suitability of local conditions impose substantial geographic constraints. In this context, the Africa–Europe green energy interconnection presents a strategic opportunity to facilitate cross-continental collaboration in the energy transition. By leveraging Africa's vast renewable energy potential, particularly solar and wind, this partnership can accelerate Europe's decarbonization goals while enhancing regional energy security. Beyond environmental benefits, such cooperation also stimulates economic development on both continents, offering a scalable model for global green energy alliances that integrate sustainability, resilience, and shared prosperity.</div><div>This study explores the strategic role of Africa as a future green hydrogen supplier for France, addressing a critical dimension of the global energy transition. The research introduces a multi-criteria decision-making framework to evaluate nine African countries as potential green hydrogen suppliers, considering twelve multidimensional criteria across four key categories: financial viability, reliability, environmental impact, and resource availability. We employ a comparative approach using TOPSIS and VIKOR to provide a robust assessment of supplier rankings. The findings highlight Morocco as the most promising green hydrogen supplier for France, followed by Algeria, with a comprehensive sensitivity analysis revealing how decision-maker preferences influence ranking outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 116629"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhihua Deng , Bin Miao , Qihong Chen , Jian Chen , Chengguang Tong , Hao Liu , Deendarlianto , Suwarno , Haijiang Wang , Siew Hwa Chan
{"title":"Degradation prediction and remaining useful life estimation of PEMFCs: Mechanisms, methods, datasets, and challenges","authors":"Zhihua Deng , Bin Miao , Qihong Chen , Jian Chen , Chengguang Tong , Hao Liu , Deendarlianto , Suwarno , Haijiang Wang , Siew Hwa Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) represent a pivotal technology for sustainable energy conversion in automotive, portable, and stationary applications due to their high efficiency, rapid start-up capability, and near-zero emissions. However, widespread commercialization remains severely constrained by uncertainties related to operational durability, cost, and reliability. Consequently, accurate degradation prediction and remaining useful life estimation methods have become critical for facilitating predictive maintenance, which can improve reliability, and reduce lifecycle costs. This review synthesizes recent advances in PEMFCs prognostics, which integrate fundamental degradation mechanisms. Degradation mechanisms are categorized into irreversible and reversible mechanisms. In particular, the review provides protection measures against irreversible and reversible degradation. Subsequently, the review systematically compares various prognostic methods, including model-based model, advanced data-driven model, and hybrid degradation model. Moreover, both publicly available and proprietary PEMFCs durability datasets are systematically collected for the first time. Furthermore, key performance evaluation metrics for fuel cell prognostics models are thoroughly discussed. Finally, significant research challenges and promising future directions are identified, which reveal three key opportunities such as physics-informed artificial intelligence, standardized datasets benchmarking, and real-time onboard health prediction. All in all, this review systematically synthesizes fuel cell degradation mechanisms, prediction methods, aging datasets, and evaluation metrics, which provides a foundational reference to accelerate research in durability enhancement and predictive maintenance for next-generation fuel cell systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 116598"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concrete-based thermal energy storage (CTES) for concentrated solar power plants and built environment","authors":"Nghia P. Tran , Tuan D. Ngo","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concrete-based thermal energy storage (CTES) systems present a promising solution for reducing carbon emissions in energy-intensive sectors. This paper presents a comprehensive review of CTES technologies, covering constituent materials, including cementitious and alkali-activated binders, aggregates, fibres, conductive additives, moisture, and phase change materials, and their influence on thermal performance. Key thermal properties such as conductivity, heat capacity, thermal expansion, mass loss, and pore structure evolution under thermal cycling are critically analysed. System-level testing, prototype configurations, and simulation studies are reviewed to evaluate CTES performance. Representative case studies are summarised across building and industrial applications. Finally, the review outlines current challenges, such as heat loss and material degradation, and explores future opportunities in hybrid systems, alternative binders, and improved system integration. This work offers valuable insights to support the design, optimisation, and deployment of sustainable CTES technologies aligned with global net-zero targets by 2050.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 116692"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}