Review of renewable energy-based products application for battery thermal management

Abstract

Battery overheating can have detrimental effects on battery performance, safety, longevity, and environmental sustainability. Implementing effective thermal management strategies and safety measures to prevent overheating and ensure the safe and reliable operation of batteries in numerous applications is decisive. Reduced battery lifespan, safety hazards, performance degradation, loss of functionality, environmental impacts, and costs of replacement or repair are the detrimental impacts of battery operation in electric cars, renewable energy storage facilities, consumer appliances, and grid-scale energy storage systems. Renewable energy-based products can be effectively utilized for Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) in several ways, confirming the ideal performance, longevity, and protection of batteries. The analysis demonstrates that renewable-integrated BTMS reduced peak battery temperatures by up to 15 °C, significantly lowering the risk of thermal runaway and extending battery lifespan. Solar-powered ventilation systems decreased cooling energy consumption by nearly 70 % compared with conventional methods, while biomass-driven PCMs maintained battery temperatures below 60 °C under high C-rate discharges. By integrating renewable energy-based products for BTMS, such as solar-powered ventilation systems, geothermal cooling technologies, wind-powered ventilation/cooling systems, hydroelectric facilities, and biomass energy-driven systems, the integration of renewable energy-based products enables maintainable and systematic operation of battery systems while dropping dependence on non-renewable energy resources and diminishing environmental influence. Geothermal-PVT hybrid systems improved overall energy efficiency by 53 % and decreased total energy consumption by 25.7 %, whereas hydrogen-based cooling stabilized battery temperatures below 30.5 °C with thermal gradients under 7 °C. Hybrid RES–BTMS configurations reduced the levelized cost of energy to 0.094 USD/kWh and lowered greenhouse gas emissions by up to 3.5 million kg CO₂ annually, indicating substantial environmental and economic benefits. The identified trend provides a practical pathway to attain the required specifications for environmentally benign, economic, and efficient performance. The proposed concept of renewable-energy-based BTMS enables electricity, material, and fuel production as a solution for future operations in the BTMS. A comprehensive examination of the concept has been presented in the review.