{"title":"A comprehensive review of grid support services from solar photovoltaic power plants","authors":"Soudipan Maity, Zakir Hussain Rather, Suryanarayana Doolla","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the global expansion of solar photovoltaic power plants has seen rapid acceleration fueled by technological advancements, substantial cost reductions, and favorable regulatory reforms. Although pivotal to the transition towards sustainable energy sources, the integration of a large number of photovoltaic plants presents unique challenges for the system operator in ensuring grid stability and security. Therefore, it has become increasingly important for these plants to provide adequate grid support services and maintain voltage and frequency stability, similar to conventional generators. In this context, this paper critically analyses the diverse strategies and advanced trends for acquiring grid support services from solar photovoltaic power plants. The relevant procedures are garnered from the literature, which dates back to the earliest reported methods. The review encompasses the analysis of different applications related to active power control for frequency regulation, reactive power control for voltage regulation, and black-start support for system restoration. The paper also examines the existing challenges and delves into the opportunities to transform the interaction of photovoltaic power plants with electricity grids. As solar photovoltaic penetration increases, the role of these grid support services becomes ever more critical, requiring innovative solutions, conducive regulatory frameworks, and a thriving market structure to support the continuously evolving energy landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115133"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural optimisation of free-swinging agrivoltaic fences","authors":"Benjamin Dardenne, Pierre Latteur","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agrivoltaic fences enable farmers and ranchers to produce energy while maintaining profitable agricultural activity. They consist of vertical posts between which vertical solar panels are mounted. A significant part of the structural costs of these frames comes from their high wind load, which requires large diameter posts, often with wind bracing, and substantial foundations. This research focuses on free-swinging agrivoltaic fences, a new concept that allows panels to 'float' in the wind, an akin to clothes drying on a clothesline. In other words, the panels are suspended from hinged joints, allowing them to swing in strong winds. This study demonstrates that the internal forces in the posts are more than 8 times lower than those induced by fixed vertical panels and scales various parameters involved such as the height of the system, the wind force acting on the panel, its dimensions and weight. The results highlight the fact that the maximum forces generated in the posts of such a system are independent of the wind model considered and can be determined using only the weight of the panel, the height at which it is fixed and the position of the wind pressure on the panel's surface. Finally the study provides a much more reliable and safer design methodology than that used for vertical fixed panels. Design curves are established to provide designers with guidelines on what type of section to use, whether it is steel or timber.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115160"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anceita Jepleting , Achisa C. Mecha , Dorcas Sombei , Doricah Moraa , Martha N. Chollom
{"title":"Potential of low-cost materials for biogas purification, a review of recent developments","authors":"Anceita Jepleting , Achisa C. Mecha , Dorcas Sombei , Doricah Moraa , Martha N. Chollom","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rampant use of fossil fuels resulting in environmental pollution has necessitated the exploration of renewable energy sources. Sustainable development goal 7 stipulates the need for affordable, clean energy to meet human and industrial needs. Abundance of organic waste, in developing economies, makes methane from biogas a major source of renewable energy. The main limitation being that the raw biogas contains carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and other unwanted gases, therefore it requires purification to remove non-methane components. However, existing biogas purification and upgrading systems are relatively expensive and require sophisticated technology and skills to operate them, hence they are unaffordable especially in many developing economies. Besides, these technologies are mainly applicable to large scale systems and are unsuitable for the small-scale systems mostly found in developing economies. This review critically evaluates the potential of low-cost biogas purification materials such as iron rich soils, activated carbon from solid waste, waste iron fillings, and biomass ash for use in household and small-scale biogas plants. These materials have demonstrated considerable performance achieving the following removal efficiencies; clay (90 %); iron-rich New Zealand Brown soil (93.8 %); commercial steel wool (95 %); and compost (80 %). This study proposes new ways to improve the performance of these materials through proper pretreatment of biomass ash to reduce moisture content, surface modification of activated carbon for improved acid gas uptake, integration of adsorbents to create synergy, regeneration and reuse of these adsorbents to promote sustainability. Low-cost materials demonstrate great promise towards achieving SDG 7 especially in developing economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 115152"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao Huang , Sau Chung Fu , Ka Chung Chan , Chili Wu , Christopher Y.H. Chao
{"title":"Evaluating China's 2030 carbon peak goal: Post-COVID-19 systematic review","authors":"Chao Huang , Sau Chung Fu , Ka Chung Chan , Chili Wu , Christopher Y.H. Chao","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following China's 2020 announcement of its commitment to reach a carbon peak by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, considerable debate has emerged regarding the feasibility of the 2030 carbon peak target. To contribute to this discourse, this review adopts a narrative review, comprehensively analysing 73 publications in the domain of carbon emissions prediction in China post-2020. Moreover, the results show that a predominant view among studies is that China is poised to achieve its carbon peak target from 2027 to 2030, anticipating a peak emission range of approximately 11.60–13.17 Gt CO<sub>2</sub>e. Besides, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of the research methodologies, parameter selection, and scenario settings in this field. It offers readers a thorough overview of the area, helping potential researchers to quickly enter the field. Key findings include: (1) the grey model, the artificial intelligence model, the IPAT-derived model, and the system dynamics model are the predominant forecasting models, with the IPAT-derived model being favoured for the national and regional areas and system dynamics for the industry. (2) Scenario settings are typically structured on a 5-year basis, with 3–5 scenarios considered reasonable for policy recommendation as they provide multi-faceted analysis while avoiding information overload and resource wastage. (3) The definition of ‘Carbon Peak’ needs to be taken seriously. Additionally, it highlights current research deficiencies and future directions and provides policy recommendations vital for China's 2030 and 2060 targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 115128"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yugbhai Patel, Muhammad Younas, Paulo Liu, Ram Seetharam
{"title":"Levelized cost of repurposing oil and gas infrastructure for clean energy in the Gulf of Mexico","authors":"Yugbhai Patel, Muhammad Younas, Paulo Liu, Ram Seetharam","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Gulf of Mexico is home to around 1500 oil and gas platforms as of September 2024 that will require decommissioning in the coming decades. The ROICE (Repurposing Offshore Infrastructure for Clean Energy) program assesses the techno-economic feasibility of repurposing the platform jacket and topsides to support hydrogen or wind power generation. This study reports on the development of and results from the ROICE levelized cost (LC) Model. ROICE LC integrates equipment such as turbines, substations, electrolyzers and other variables such as wind speed, water depth, and distance to shore. Using 2023 costs and without federal incentives, LC for electricity varies from 10 cents per kWh for a large project with repurposing at a shallow water, high wind speed location to 24 cents per kWh for a new build small project at a deepwater, lower wind speed location. In comparison, onshore wind projects generate power at 4 to 11 cents per <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></math></span>, and onshore solar PV cost ranges from 2 to 10 cents per <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></math></span>. The levelized cost of hydrogen for identical sites varies from $5.50 to $14.50 per kg. In comparison, the cost of onshore hydrogen generation using clean energy ranges from $2.50 to $6.80 per kg. This reflects the need to reduce offshore costs and/or provide incentives to aid in developing offshore wind and clean hydrogen. Incentives offered by the US Federal government (tax credits up to 50 % of cost, $3/kg of hydrogen) could make these projects profitable and will be studied in future phases of the project.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 115115"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Black start from renewable energy resources: Review and a case study of Great Britain","authors":"Zhongmei Pan , Nick Jenkins , Jianzhong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black start is the restoration of an electrical power system following a total or partial system shutdown. A loss of supply of this magnitude is a most unusual event but must be anticipated as it has significant societal and economic consequences. Many countries are moving towards a low-carbon electricity system, and the fossil generators that currently provide black start capability are being replaced by renewable energy generators, many of which are individually of limited capacity. This reduction in the number of large conventional generators is leading to a need to reconsider black start practices and to question whether restoration of a de-energized network through a skeleton transmission system should be replaced by establishing multiple power islands each with smaller generating units. Using academic studies and the results of two innovation projects recently completed in Great Britain (GB), this study reviews the established power system black start practices and the participation of renewable energy resources in the black start. After traditional black start practices are reviewed, the challenges and solutions for using renewable energy sources and distributed energy resources to support black start are investigated. Restoration control and planning strategies in academic studies are discussed. Then the evolving power system black start practices in GB are discussed, and the methodologies and findings of two innovative black start projects in GB are reviewed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 115143"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biodesulfurization: Effective and sustainable technologies for biogas hydrogen sulfide removal","authors":"Oluwatunmise Israel Dada , Liang Yu , Shannon Neibergs , Shulin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogas is a valuable green energy source. Hydrogen sulfide removal is essential for biogas upgrading for high-end applications. This work provides a comprehensive review of biogas biodesulfurization technologies for industrial applications, focusing on aerobic and anoxic biofilters, biotrickling filters, and bioscrubbers. Key topics include removal mechanisms, system design, performance, operating factors, best-fit applications, and design-based cost analysis. Biodesulfurization technologies are highly efficient, achieving up to 99 % removal efficiency at full scale, particularly in bioscrubbers and biotrickling filters due to improved design configurations. Performance is largely affected by operating conditions and the composition, activity, and robustness of sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms. While kinetic models are widely used to study performance, further research is needed to advance the application of computational fluid dynamics for system modeling. Biodesulfurization technologies prove to be environmentally sustainable and may be more economically viable in large-scale, commercial applications. Reducing energy and packing material replacement costs would further improve economic viability. While biodesulfurization technologies are safe, precautions must be taken to avoid explosion risks from methane/oxygen mixtures and hydrogen sulfide gas poisoning. Ultimately, selecting suitable biodesulfurization technology for industrial applications depends on the volume of biogas to be treated, the choice of sulfur microorganisms, system stability, and the intended biogas end-use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 115144"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functionalized wood sponges: Advanced biomass materials for renewable energies, freshwater production, energy storage, and environmental remediation","authors":"Elaheh K. Goharshadi , Siavosh Vojdani Saghir , Zohreh Niazi , Masoomeh Shafaee , Halimeh-Sadat Sajjadizadeh , Mahdi Karimi-Nazarabad , Saeid Peighambari-kalat , Kimiya Goharshadi , Mahdiyeh Nejati , Moeid Asarnia , Maede Khodaparast","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass-based materials are crucial for the development of renewable energy and environmental remediation applications. Wood sponge (WS), a porous material with a hierarchically structured architecture, excellent physicochemical stability, large surface area, and low thermal conductivity has shown great potential for practical applications in wastewater treatment, energy storage devices, strain sensors, CO<sub>2</sub> sorption, and freshwater production through desalination of brackish water resources and extraction of water from soil. This study provides an overview of the preparation strategies and characterization of WS, as well as recent impressive applications, with a focus on renewable energy and environmental sustainability. Potential future directions for WS applications, such as its use as an atmospheric water harvesting sorbent, integration into building materials to improve their thermal insulation and energy efficiency, and as a substrate for the growth of microorganisms for bioremediation applications are explored. Finally, the challenges of using WS are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 115093"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anafi Nur’aini , Emma Laasonen , Vesa Ruuskanen , Tuomas Koiranen , Pertti Kauranen , Jero Ahola
{"title":"Comparative analysis of molten salt electrolytes for solid carbon production","authors":"Anafi Nur’aini , Emma Laasonen , Vesa Ruuskanen , Tuomas Koiranen , Pertti Kauranen , Jero Ahola","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excessive amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a global problem, and thus, the mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions should be an urgent issue. Technically, CO<sub>2</sub> can be converted into valuable solid carbon through electrolysis in a molten salt electrolyte. Although studies have been conducted on the conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into various morphologies of solid carbon, the molten salt itself has received less attention in the research literature.</div><div>Based on the inorganic mixture composition, various molten salts for CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis are classified into four categories: molten chloride, molten chloride-oxide, molten chloride-carbonate, and molten carbonate. This review aims to fill the gap in the literature by describing the state of the art of each molten salt category with some experimental data collected in previous studies. The exploration is followed by an investigation of the performance, focusing on the efficiency, specific electrical energy consumption, corrosion of electrodes, and the presence of metal elements in the carbon product. The use of molten carbonate eliminates the potential of corrosion from Cl<sub>2</sub> and has a reported Faraday efficiency of up to 94.9%. However, electrode corrosion occurs in all types of molten salt, leading to the presence of metal elements in the solid carbon product. The economic perspective on this CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis in molten carbonate is also discussed as an important area that should be attended to when considering future potential commercialization. Finally, this review provides guidance on selecting molten salt electrolyte by taking account their advantages and disadvantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 115104"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tobias Kraschewski, Maximilian Heumann, Michael H. Breitner
{"title":"Adoption and spatial distribution disparities of residential plug-in and rooftop photovoltaic systems in Germany","authors":"Tobias Kraschewski, Maximilian Heumann, Michael H. Breitner","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In contrast to residential rooftop photovoltaic systems, plug-in photovoltaic systems offer a significantly lower barrier to entry in terms of upfront costs, installation complexity, and the need for roof space. These attributes make them appealing to a wider demographic and position them as transformative tools in the energy transition, opening opportunities for broader participation in renewable energy and aligning with the growing emphasis on energy justice and inclusivity. Nevertheless, adoption patterns for plug-in PV systems are not well understood, especially given their unique characteristics, which limit the applicability of insights derived from residential rooftop systems. This study addresses this research gap by applying spatial econometric models to investigate plug-in PV system adoption, revealing pronounced disparities. Our findings show that income support recipients are less negatively associated with plug-in PV adoption compared to larger rooftop systems, indicating that the lower upfront costs of plug-in PV systems may reduce financial barriers. Furthermore, the influence of household income on adoption is weaker for plug-in systems, suggesting that these systems may be more accessible to lower-income households. Contrary to expectations, solar radiation plays a less significant role in the adoption of plug-in PV. Additionally, the negative effect of the proportion of rented apartments on adoption is less pronounced for plug-in systems, highlighting their suitability for renters. Regional subsidies have demonstrated a positive impact on plug-in PV adoption, further emphasizing the potential of targeted support programs. Our findings can equip policymakers with the necessary insights to formulate strategies promoting the uptake of plug-in PV systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 115092"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}