{"title":"Decoding China's hydrogen development: A content analysis of policy objectives and instruments","authors":"Xihuan Zeng , Qinxu Huang , Yongzhang Liu , Quande Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China has positioned hydrogen energy as pivotal for future energy security and has rapidly emerged as a major global producer of hydrogen. Understanding how the Chinese government fosters hydrogen energy development remains complex. This study addresses this gap by scrutinizing 184 policy texts from 2016 to July 2023 using a “policy objective-policy instrument” framework. The analysis reveals a dynamic and evolving landscape of policy support. The government has established an industrialization-oriented policy objective system, prioritizing binding, safeguarding, and short-term support instruments. A case study of the Pearl River Delta region illustrates how local governments maneuver within the national macro-policy framework while retaining flexibility and autonomy in their interventions. However, there is still a crucial gap in intrinsically driven policy support. To bridge this gap, we propose a balanced approach to policy objectives, an optimal blend of instruments, and enhanced policy collaboration among government actors at all levels. Addressing these challenges is imperative for China to fully unleash the transformative potential of hydrogen energy and cement its position as a global leader in this burgeoning sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 115729"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of thermal management of batteries with a focus on immersion cooling","authors":"Zhicheng Xin , Weiyu Tang , Wen Yao , Zan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance, cycle life and safety of batteries are strongly influenced by temperature. However, fast charging and discharging can significantly increase heat generation, causing the battery temperature to rise rapidly. Therefore, it is essential to employ suitable battery thermal management systems to maintain the battery temperature within an ideal range. Temperature uniformity plays a critical role in determining battery cycle life and operational performance. To evaluate the limitations of temperature uniformity across different battery thermal management systems, this review provides a comprehensive comparison of various cooling techniques. Among these, immersion cooling demonstrates the best temperature uniformity due to its high thermal efficiency and low thermal resistance. The two-phase immersion cooling system could maintain temperature and its uniformity within an ideal range even during ultra-high charging and discharging rates of up to 20C. Additionally, this review compares and evaluates different dielectric fluids used in immersion cooling to discuss the most adaptable coolants for battery systems and summarizes the latest developments in immersion cooling. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of immersion cooling are summarized for battery thermal management regarding temperature fluctuation, temperature maldistribution under extreme conditions, and thermal runaway. Furthermore, the economic and environmental benefits of various battery thermal management systems are thoroughly analyzed. Immersion cooling demonstrates the lowest carbon footprint and superior environmental performance. Finally, the review highlights the critical challenges and future directions for immersion cooling, including advancements in dielectric fluids, system stability and integration, and battery safety. This study provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of battery immersion cooling, offering valuable insights to advance battery thermal management systems and support the transition toward a sustainable economy and zero emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 115751"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sachini Supunsala Senadheera , Piumi Amasha Withana , Siming You , Daniel C.W. Tsang , Sung Yeon Hwang , Yong Sik Ok
{"title":"Sustainable biochar: Market development and commercialization to achieve ESG goals","authors":"Sachini Supunsala Senadheera , Piumi Amasha Withana , Siming You , Daniel C.W. Tsang , Sung Yeon Hwang , Yong Sik Ok","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar has traditionally been used as a soil amendment as it enhances carbon sequestration and soil fertility. In addition to agriculture, biochar has recently been used in various industrial sectors, including textiles, construction, waste management, renewable energy generation, and for climate change mitigation. However, biochar performance depends on the feedstock quality and properties. This review highlights the key breakthroughs in the potential for integration of biochar across diverse industries and the associated emerging business opportunities within the global biochar market. By incorporating techno-economic analyses, we evaluate the feasibility of biochar production technologies by evaluating their associated costs, benefits, risks, and uncertainties. This review focuses on the policy considerations of biochar feedstock management, production, and application suitability, in addition to supply chains, particularly in Europe, Korea, and Australia. We found that lack of universal standards, limited industrial-scale data, and inadequate policies hinder the broader application of biochar products. To address these barriers, future research should prioritize unifying life cycle assessment of different biochar applications, developing equity-centered governance models to prevent monopolies over resources, and designing and scaling up pyrolysis technologies tailored to regional biomass waste availability. To stimulate a sustainable growth of the biochar market, a collaborative approach among governments, industry, and academia, along with robust policy incentives, is essential. Ultimately, a scalable and resilient biochar market is critical for unlocking its full environmental potential and ensuring its role in global sustainability efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 115744"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Yuan , Zhengqiu Ding , Xin Pan , Chong Shi , Fei Lao , Philipp Grundmann , Jihong Wu
{"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions and reduction potentials in the crop processing by-products utilization chains: A review on citrus and sugarcane by-products","authors":"Lin Yuan , Zhengqiu Ding , Xin Pan , Chong Shi , Fei Lao , Philipp Grundmann , Jihong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expanding global population presents challenges for food production systems that extend beyond socio-economic considerations to encompass urgent climate-related disruptions. The agri-food sector is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, emphasizing the critical need for sustainable practices aligned with Sustainable Development Goals. Crop processing by-products (CPBPs) from the food supply chain offer a promising approach for reducing environmental impact while generating social and economic benefits. This review examines the rational utilization pathways for sugarcane and citrus processing by-products, two of the most produced and underutilized crops globally, to mitigate GHG emissions. A comprehensive comparison of traditional and emerging management practices reveals that innovative CPBP utilization chains targeting food, chemicals, and energy provide substantial environmental advantages. Specifically, bioconversion processes, such as fermentation and anaerobic digestion for biogas and bioethanol production, exhibit notably lower emissions than chemical conversion methods. Moreover, the emerging development of integrated biorefinery systems demonstrates significant potential for low-emission utilization of CPBPs. These findings highlight the need for continued research into circular bioeconomy frameworks and standardized environmental assessment protocols to optimize CPBP valorization and contribute to global sustainability goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 115758"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Wang , Weijian Yuan , Yuheng Zhang , Xinyue Chi , Dianpeng Qi , Xuelin Zhang
{"title":"Tailoring the structural design of covalent organic frameworks for enhanced photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction: a review","authors":"Qian Wang , Weijian Yuan , Yuheng Zhang , Xinyue Chi , Dianpeng Qi , Xuelin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit distinct advantages such as extensive specific surface areas, chemical versatility, and sustainability, render them superb candidates for applications in the field of photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. In recent years, numerous COFs with remarkable photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction activity have been reported, and extensive studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of their photocatalytic activity. This review delves into three pivotal areas: COF design, post-synthetic modifications, and composite photocatalyst construction. It uniquely examines the intricate structure-performance relationship at the molecular level, emphasizing topology, donor-acceptor interactions, crystallinity, functional groups, and heteroatom doping, thereby refining the design framework for COF-based photocatalysts. Moreover, the review offers a profound mechanistic analysis of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, encompassing charge transfer, reaction intermediates, and surface kinetics, providing fresh insights into the efficient development of COF-based photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 115754"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review on numerical algorithms for solving general dynamic equations of the acoustic agglomeration","authors":"Xin Wang , Shuang Liu , Tian Li , Dekang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to the rapid growth of advanced manufacturing, particulate pollutants generated during machining processes pose significant risks to human health, equipment safety, atmosphere quality and climate. Current industrial control technologies struggle to effectively remove these particles. Acoustic agglomeration technology is an effective particle pretreatment that uses acoustic waves to facilitate the growth and subsequent removal of particles.</div><div>Particle dynamics simulation is adept at depicting particle acoustic agglomeration. It utilises numerical algorithms to address the general dynamic equation (GDE), which quantifies the evolution of particle dynamics. Using conventional numerical techniques to solve the GDE is challenging because of its typical partial integro-differential nature and the intricate agglomeration mechanisms it encompasses. Therefore, drawing on acoustic agglomeration GDE, the research provide a comprehensive review of the characteristics and recent research progress of various algorithms used to solve the GDE of acoustic agglomeration, including method of moments, partition method, the Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm and discrete element method (DEM). MC algorithm, DEM and the coupling of DEM and other method are reviewed in detail. Finally, limitations and future opportunities are discussed about algorithm's applications. This review offers valuable insights into visualising particle acoustic agglomeration, elucidating its microscopic mechanisms and predicting its macroscopic effects on particle agglomeration. Meanwhile, it provides a comprehensive perspective for the optimization, integration and innovation of subsequent numerical algorithms. Thereby, the healthy industrial environment is established, and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals is advanced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 115746"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing energy conservation behavior from the perspective of the karma effect","authors":"Bright Obuobi , ChenGuang Liu , Faustina Awuah , Gibbson Adu-Gyamfi , Emmanuel Nketiah","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy conservation has become a priority in transitioning nations from non-renewable energy to renewable and sustainable energy sources. This study aims to provide a comparative analysis by investigating locals' and foreigners’ energy conservation intentions (ECI) and behavior in China. The study combines the theory of Karma and the theory of planned behavior with energy consumption habits in the assessment. A total of 1046 sample data of locals and foreigners were collected across Shanghai in China and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results reveal several significant findings. First, the duty of orientation was found to have a strong influence on equanimity, which in turn significantly affects foreigners' intentions. The duty of orientation also significantly influences indifference to rewards for both local and foreign participants. However, indifference to rewards does not influence locals' intentions but does impact foreigners' ECI. It was found that attitude does not significantly influence locals' ECI but has a substantial impact on foreigners' ECI. Perceived behavioral control was identified as a critical factor, significantly influencing ECI for both locals and foreigners. Intention was found to positively influence behavior for both groups, highlighting the importance of intention in driving actual energy conservation actions. Additionally, habit was shown to play a pivotal role, significantly influencing attitudes, the duty of orientation, intentions, and behaviors for both locals and foreigners. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the distinct drivers of energy conservation behaviors across different demographic groups, offering insights for targeted interventions to promote sustainable energy use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 115753"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The evolution of circular economy performance assessment: A systematic literature review","authors":"M. Ferrante , M. Vitti , C. Sassanelli","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circular economy (CE) paradigm is applied in organisations at different levels (companies, supply chains, and ecosystems) to maximise resource use and minimize waste generation, presenting itself as an alternative to the traditional linear economy. However, a gap persists in the availability of standardised, comprehensive methods for assessing CE performance across diverse sectors and levels. Current methodologies often lack consistency, comparability, and applicability to complex systems, highlighting the need for further improvement, mainly considering the growing interest in adopting CE practices, also in compliance with emerging standards and frameworks (e.g., ISO 59000 and Digital Product Passport (DPP)). To support and theoretically ground the filling of these gaps, a systematic literature review (SLR) exploring the evolution of CE performance assessment methods has been conducted by considering as main drivers of analysis the type of variables analysed in the circular systems, the layer of the triple bottom line of the sustainability addressed, and the stage of the system lifecycle considered. It updates and compares the results obtained with those presented in a previous work analysing literature in the same domain up to 2018. The results showed that Life Cycle Assessment remains the most widely used method for lifecycle environmental impact assessment of circular systems, followed by Multi Criteria Decision Making, particularly in End-of-Life and for sustainability aspects. Alternative methods highlight the need for innovation, with some studies proposing industry-specific indicators or combined approaches. Finally, a comprehensive framework is needed to evaluate both positive and negative impacts; standardised Key Performance Indicators, aligned with ISO 59020:2024 and interoperable with DPP, would enhance consistency; and a unified methodology should be developed for CE assessment across all levels, ensuring resource efficiency and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"217 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of an analytical model of automobile energy consumption during use-phase for parametrized life cycle assessment","authors":"Gabriel Magnaval, Anne-Marie Boulay","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Models for automobile energy consumption calculations often lack adaptability, granularity, and consistency, limiting the transparency, reproducibility, and representativeness of automobile processes in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Although developing parametrized models appears to be promising, their application to automobile energy consumption is constrained by the complexity of powertrain modeling and the integration of driving conditions. This work presents a model for gasoline and electric vehicles based on parametrized equations, describing physical drivers of energy demand while uncoupling the role of contributors, including the vehicle body, powertrain, path, and driver. An innovative method for parametrizing driving conditions is introduced, eliminating reliance on traditional driving cycles. Complemented by pre-set configurations to enhance usability, the computational tool <em>PETRAUL</em> built on this framework enables practitioners to perform precise and representative energy consumption calculations for vehicles. This study further demonstrates the tool's utility for both foreground and background LCA processes. This includes scenario analyses emphasizing the necessity of multi-solution strategies, a comparison with <em>ecoinvent and Carculator</em> highlighting improved granularity, and an LCA case study on lightweighting, illustrating enhanced representativeness for assessments across diverse technological and regional conditions. This streamlined LCA of a polycarbonate glazing highlights the potential burden shifting from the vehicle use phase to the manufacturing of lightweight materials, notably when coupled with electrification. Ultimately, PETRAUL provides a robust foundation for advancing LCA practices by enhancing adaptability and transparency in parametrized modeling, while illustrating the need for both technological and sobriety measures to reduce environmental impacts of the automobile industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 115716"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating life cycle assessment in multi-objective optimization of green hydrogen systems: a review of literature and methodological challenges","authors":"Diego Larrahondo Chavez , Catherine Azzaro-Pantel , Florent Montignac , Alain Ruby","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As global demand for sustainable energy solutions intensifies, reducing the environmental impact of energy systems while maintaining cost-effectiveness has become imperative, particularly for emerging energy carriers like hydrogen. This article presents a comprehensive review of life cycle assessment (LCA) and multi-objective optimization (MOO) in the context of green hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) systems, focusing on key contributions from 2019 to 2023. The review categorizes the literature into three areas: (i) Recent LCA studies on green H<sub>2</sub> production, (ii) MOO studies that include LCA of renewable energy systems, (iii) Research integrating environmental criteria into MOO for green H<sub>2</sub> systems. The review highlights significant gaps, particularly the limited depth of environmental detail in LCAs integrated into MOO, compared to standalone environmental LCAs. Additionally, the analysis reveals a lack of end-of-life considerations across all study categories. In terms of optimization, most research adopts a bi-objective framework, typically focusing on economic performance and a single environmental metric (often CO<sub>2</sub> emissions), thereby constraining the development of more comprehensive, sustainable systems. The article concludes by offering recommendations: future LCAs of hydrogen systems should incorporate advanced optimization algorithms, broaden their scope to cradle-to-grave assessments, and utilize prospective methods for better anticipation of future environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 115689"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}