{"title":"Unveiling energy inefficiencies: A study on building energy consumption in single-person households","authors":"Jisoo Shim , Doosam Song","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of single-person households globally is reshaping the residential building sector, yet their energy consumption patterns have been largely overlooked. This study analyzes data from 518 households in South Korea over one year, revealing significant insights into single-person households’ energy use. Single-person households consume 2.69 times more heating energy, 1.66 times more electricity, and 1.55 times more domestic hot water per capita than multi-person households. Employed individuals in these households, who spend less time at home, consume more heating energy due to inefficient Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) control behaviors, wasting 43.6 % of heating energy. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted energy policies and technological innovations tailored to single-person households. Current policies designed for multi-person households fail to address their unique needs. Proposed measures include revised building energy performance standards, optimized HVAC system sizing, and floor plan designs that consider the distinct occupancy patterns of single-person households. By addressing these challenges, policymakers and technologists can reduce energy consumption and support global carbon neutrality goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115546"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An experimental study for improving performance of a cylindrical OWC WEC with a heave plate","authors":"Wanan Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an experimental investigation to a solution on the conventional cylindrical oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter (WEC), with a heave plate being attached below of the cylindrical OWC. Such a simple solution could change the hydrodynamics of the cylindrical OWC device dramatically due to the significant increase of the added mass and damping coefficient to the structure motions, in particular, the natural period of the structural heave motion could be greatly increased while the natural period of the water body remains almost unchanged. As such, the enlarged difference between these two natural periods means a large relative motion between them over a wider bandwidth, hence the improved OWC could absorb wave energy more efficiently over a larger bandwidth of the wave frequencies (or periods). This is especially beneficial for the device extracting energy from ocean waves efficiently, since ocean waves inherently contain multiple periods. Meanwhile, such a solution could maintain the simplicity for the OWC structure, and a shallow draft OWC device could be possible while its energy conversion capacity is not comprised. In this work, an experimental investigation is conducted on the improved cylindrical OWC (floating), with the aims at proving the concept: with a heave plate attached to the OWC, its wave energy extraction capacity can be dramatically increased. In addition, the device motions can be effectively reduced, which is also very beneficial for the mooring and cable connections, as well as the accessibility to the device in seas, so for reducing the cost of wave energy production further.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115517"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hai-Tra Nguyen , Abdulrahman H. Ba-Alawi , Nivethitha Somu , Roberto Chang-Silva , ChangKyoo Yoo
{"title":"Smart multi-stage energy-emission nexus framework for sustainable supply-demand management and CO2 mitigation","authors":"Hai-Tra Nguyen , Abdulrahman H. Ba-Alawi , Nivethitha Somu , Roberto Chang-Silva , ChangKyoo Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing adoption of net-negative emission (N-NE) technologies, such as renewables, integrated carbon capture and storage (CCS), and potential CO<sub>2</sub> regeneration, is crucial to address energy poverty (SDG-7 and SDG-11) and reduce global CO<sub>2</sub> emission intensity (SDG-13) in non-OECD countries. This study proposes a smart management energy-emission nexus framework for a sustainable energy distribution network (EDN) and CO<sub>2</sub> emission mitigation. The framework integrates flexible demand response, bidirectional supply regulation and carbon-capture capacity planning to optimize the energy performance and avoid wasted storage and generation capacity. It incorporates sustainable transaction governance and conservation strategies to mitigate, supply overload, and minimize CO<sub>2</sub> emission intensity. A smart multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) procedure with abnormality detection ensure real-time operation and long-term energy-emission nexus management. The framework is validated through a case study in Vietnam, demonstrating a 62.25 % reduction in electricity shortages, an 85.1 % improvement in storage capacity, and a 21.5 % increase in CCS-driven emission restriction. The system regenerates 0.72 kWh of electricity from captured CO<sub>2</sub> emission, achieving a robust reliability rate of 0.71 and a consumer satisfaction score of 0.81 with high economic energy rate of 0.05. The proposed strategies effectively optimize energy distribution and CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction, contributing to enhanced energy efficiency, sustainability, and resilience in emerging economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115551"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Canyu Lv , Zhichao Liu , Fazhou Wang , Shuguang Hu
{"title":"Industrial solid wastes as carbonatable binders for abating CO2 emission","authors":"Canyu Lv , Zhichao Liu , Fazhou Wang , Shuguang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid increase in industrial solid wastes (ISW) worldwide poses significant challenges for waste management, with landfilling proving insufficient. ISW utilization offers a promising route for valorizing the stockpiled and freshly produced solid wastes from various industries. This review examines the potential of alkaline ISWs, enriched in calcium silicate minerals, calcium hydroxide, and magnesia, to transform CO<sub>2</sub> into building products. Key ISWs with high carbonation reactivity and cementing properties include steel slag, magnesium slag, yellow phosphorous slag, and calcium-silica slag. A comprehensive understanding of phase formation mechanisms and composition characteristics during the pyrometallurgical processes of these ISWs is provided. Their properties are further summarized, highlighting the impact of the different properties on the applications, with steel and magnesium slags showing better prospects in a comprehensive view. The current status of applications is reviewed, highlighting several building products that have been developed to hold promises for commercial applications. Current application status is also reviewed along with two cases of application using steel slag and magnesium slag to make building products on the pilot and industrial scales. This review aims to contribute to the development of sustainable building materials and effective waste management solutions, thereby promoting industrial symbiosis and reducing environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115557"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tingting He , Yihua Hu , Fashuai Li , Yuwei Chen , Maoxin Zhang , Qiming Zheng , Yukan Jin , He Ren
{"title":"Mapping land- and offshore-based wind turbines in China in 2023 with Sentinel-2 satellite data","authors":"Tingting He , Yihua Hu , Fashuai Li , Yuwei Chen , Maoxin Zhang , Qiming Zheng , Yukan Jin , He Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global wind power generation has grown rapidly in recent years, with China emerging as the world's largest market. Wind turbines, the key devices for this generation, are widely distributed both on land and at sea. Accurate mapping and regular updates of their locations are essential for energy production predictions, efficiency assessment, and environmental impact evaluation. While satellite remote sensing facilitates rapid mapping of offshore wind turbines, methods for detecting land-based wind turbines remain underdeveloped. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel framework for wind turbine detection using Sentinel-2 MSI data and generates the first map of both land- and offshore-based wind turbines in China in 2023. A total of 148,181 land- and 7,541 offshore-based wind turbines are detected with satisfactory accuracy (OA = 0.964, F-score = 0.963). We find that land-based turbines are primarily concentrated in northwest and north China, with the largest numbers found in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Hebei, and Gansu provinces (>10,000 units). Inner Mongolia is the leading contributor, with over 23,000 units. These turbines are mainly located in areas with low altitudes, gentle slopes, strong winds, and surrounding land cover types of grasslands, cropland, and barren land. Offshore turbines are mostly found in nearshore areas with uniform distribution. This wind turbine map provides essential information for predicting wind power production, optimizing wind farm sites, and evaluating environmental impacts. Moreover, the proposed approach relies entirely on Sentinel-2 data, currently the highest-resolution open-access satellite data globally, providing valuable support for wind turbine localization and installation date updates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115566"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fatigue in vibration energy harvesters: State-of-the-art review","authors":"Wenjia Lu, Jiyang Fu, Nan Wu, Yuncheng He","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fatigue performance of vibration energy harvesters directly impacts their reliability and longevity in practical applications, making it to be crucial to study their fatigue behavior. However, current research in this area remains insufficient. This study systematically reviews the fatigue performance of piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and electrostatic energy harvesters, with a focus on analyzing the differences in fatigue behavior across various materials and structural designs and their effects on harvester lifespan. The work begins by introducing the energy transduction mechanisms in vibration energy harvesting systems and the associated fatigue issues, followed by an assessment of relevant research methodologies. The influence of piezoelectric materials and harvester structural design on fatigue performance is then explored, revealing the impacts of material fatigue damage, stress concentration, and adhesive interface problems on device longevity. For electromagnetic and electrostatic energy harvesters, this analysis highlights current research gaps, particularly in the areas of mechanical wear and charge leakage. The study further discusses methods to enhance harvester fatigue performance through material selection and structural optimization and suggests that future research should focus on the development of new materials, structural improvements, and the investigation of fatigue performance under multiple environmental conditions. This work provides a comprehensive review and quantitative analysis of fatigue in vibration energy harvesters, aiming to advance the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115521"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financial leasing and China’s renewable energy firms' investment behavior: In the context of government subsidy reduction","authors":"Yongjing Xie, Boqiang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable energy projects are characterized by substantial investment costs and significant capital requirements. In the context of reduced government subsidies, financial leasing has emerged as a crucial funding source for Chinese renewable energy projects. However, whether financial leasing can become an effective strategic choice to promote renewable energy investment in China remains to be empirically tested. Utilizing microdata from 114 Chinese renewable energy companies from 2011 to 2022, we have derived the following research conclusions: (1) Financial leasing significantly facilitates renewable energy investment. Bootstrap testing indicates that financial leasing can indirectly enhance renewable energy investment by alleviating financing constraints. (2) Financial mismatches undermine the positive impact of financial leasing on renewable energy investment. (3) Financial leasing significantly affects the investments of small and medium-sized renewable energy enterprises receiving lower government subsidies. However, no statistically significant evidence suggests a similar effect for large firms with substantial government subsidies. (4) There is a substitution effect between financial leasing and government subsidies. As government subsidies decline, the role of financial leasing in promoting renewable energy investment becomes increasingly significant. Based on these findings, we proposed targeted policy recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115547"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opportunities of applying Large Language Models in building energy sector","authors":"Liang Zhang , Zhelun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the rapid advancement and impressive capabilities of Large Language Models have been evident across various engineering domains. This paper explores the application, implications, and potential of Large Language Models in building energy sectors, especially energy efficiency and decarbonization studies, based on an extensive literature review and a survey from building engineers and scientists. The paper explores how LLMs can enhance intelligent control systems, automate code generation for software and modeling tools, optimize data infrastructure, and refine analysis of technical reports and papers. Additionally, the paper discusses the role of LLMs in improving regulatory compliance, supporting building lifecycle management, and revolutionizing education and training practices within the sector. Despite the promising potential of Large Language Models, challenges including complex and expensive computation, data privacy, security and copyright, complexity in fine-tuned Large Language Models, and self-consistency are discussed. The paper concludes with a call for future research focused on the enhancement of LLMs for domain-specific tasks, multi-modal LLMs, and collaborative research between AI and energy experts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115558"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haikun Zheng , Chen Ma , Dongyu Fu , Wei Sheng , Ruirui Wang , Xiaozhuan Chen , Mengjie Song , Chaobin Dang
{"title":"A review of defrosting methods in cold storage","authors":"Haikun Zheng , Chen Ma , Dongyu Fu , Wei Sheng , Ruirui Wang , Xiaozhuan Chen , Mengjie Song , Chaobin Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold storage has found worldwide applications with the development of the economy and technology. Frost deposition and accumulation on the surface of evaporators in cold storage are inevitable and can harm the refrigerating system, necessitating prompt elimination. To improve defrosting efficiency and the accuracy of predicting and controlling the defrosting cycle, the related mass and heat transport within frost, as well as the melted frost on the fin/pipe, must be clearly understood. This paper reviews the frost mechanism and characteristics in cold storage, defrosting methods, and control strategies reported over the past twenty years. The aim is to provide an overview of recent studies on cold storage defrosting, enabling researchers, manufacturers, designers, and other concerned parties to quickly obtain essential and sufficient information about defrosting methods, thus facilitating the development and completion of ongoing studies. This review identifies gaps in research on defrosting in commercial cold storage conditions and provides recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115553"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming-Yan Ma, Dong-Hai Xu, Yang Guo, Shu-Zhong Wang, Ya-Ling He
{"title":"Impacts of microplastics in municipal sludge pyrolysis-gasification: Melt-induced microaggregation and increased deposition risk","authors":"Ming-Yan Ma, Dong-Hai Xu, Yang Guo, Shu-Zhong Wang, Ya-Ling He","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating contamination of microplastics (MPs) is progressively introducing new challenges to the management and reutilization of municipal sludge (MS). Pyrolysis-gasification is an important MS disposal process. However, the influence of MPs on the process above remains understudied now. This work aimed to evaluate the characteristics of MPs residue in carbon resulting from medium-low temperature MS pyrolysis and explored their impacts on the gasification reactivity and deposition tendencies of the pyrolytic carbon. The results showed that microplastic residues in MS pyrolytic carbon were tiny and highly resistant to degradation, thereby significantly increasing their biological risks. Base on the analyses on morphological characterization, compound composition, volatile matter release, and carbonaceous structure, residual MPs were demonstrated to form porous \"C-organic matter-C″ microaggregates in carbon, and corresponding melt-induced formation mechanisms were clarified. In gasification reactions, carbon defect structures and reactive matters introduced by MPs enhanced the gasification activity at low temperatures. Nevertheless, large aggregated volatile organic components and metals increased slag volume and agglomeration, so resulting in deposition risks. Given the elevated contamination of MPs in pyrolytic carbon, gasification emerges as a reliable strategy for mitigating environmental risks, but may require upgraded technologies (e.g., additive, and new reactor design) to reduce the deposition problem. These findings provide scientific foundation for the management of secondary contamination of microplastics in MS, thereby facilitating an environmentally friendly disposal process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115542"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}