Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews最新文献

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Advancements and insights into single-atom catalysts for environmental and energy applications 环境和能源应用的单原子催化剂的进展和见解
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115842
Xiaoyu Qiu , Ruiyi Ren , Bingquan Wang , Rui Wang , Ivan Kozhevnikov
{"title":"Advancements and insights into single-atom catalysts for environmental and energy applications","authors":"Xiaoyu Qiu ,&nbsp;Ruiyi Ren ,&nbsp;Bingquan Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Ivan Kozhevnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Future renewable energy supplies and sustainable ecosystems depend on many important catalytic processes. The search for stable and efficient catalysts is important for the promotion of these catalytic processes. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), which integrate the benefits of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, are increasingly attracting the attention of researchers. The individual metal atoms can be stabilized on the carrier by various unsaturated chemical sites or spatial confinement to maximize the efficiency of atom utilization. However, their high surface energy necessitates careful limitation of single-atom loading to prevent aggregation, which can adversely affect catalytic performance, even though individual atoms exhibit high activity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the coordination structure of SACs as well as the catalytic mechanism to achieve the regulation and optimization of single-atom catalysts and to stimulate their potential application in sustainable development. In this paper, we review several important preparation approaches of single-atom catalysts and the research progress in the fields of contaminant purification and energy conversion in recent years. We also discuss the catalytic mechanisms and structure-activity relationships, specifically addressing the influence of surface species and supports on catalytic activity, as well as the effects of the unique structural and electronic properties of single-atom centers, modulated by metal/support interactions, on catalytic activity and selectivity. This review draws on data derived from a systematic sorting and analysis of relevant publications in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Through an in-depth examination of these literatures, this paper aims to elucidate the key trends in the development of SACs in the fields of energy and environment, while highlighting their unique scientific value and significant application potential for readers. DFT calculations have revealed how the unique structure and electronic properties of single-atom centers affect catalytic activity and selectivity through metal/carrier interactions, providing a new theoretical basis for the design and application of SACs. Finally, the future of single-atom catalysis is envisioned, aiming to provide insights for future studies of SACs in sustainable environmental development and renewable energy supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115842"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Near-field thermal radiation for enhanced heat transfer: Classification, challenges, and prospects 用于增强传热的近场热辐射:分类、挑战和前景
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115836
Chunyang Wang , Xubo Feng , Xiao Yang , Yanan Shen , Haibo Zhao , Yang Bai , Haisheng Chen , Ting Zhang , Xinghua Zheng
{"title":"Near-field thermal radiation for enhanced heat transfer: Classification, challenges, and prospects","authors":"Chunyang Wang ,&nbsp;Xubo Feng ,&nbsp;Xiao Yang ,&nbsp;Yanan Shen ,&nbsp;Haibo Zhao ,&nbsp;Yang Bai ,&nbsp;Haisheng Chen ,&nbsp;Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinghua Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-field thermal radiation has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its advantages, including a high heat transfer rate and environmental friendliness, making it highly promising for engineering applications. This study summarizes and discusses the computational and experimental studies reported on heat transfer via near-field thermal radiation over the past decade. These computational and experimental studies were categorized based on configurations, materials, solution methods, systems, and domains. It was observed that computational studies significantly outnumber experimental studies because of the significant challenges in controlling gap distances at the nanoscale level, making experimental operations extremely difficult. However, notable progress has been achieved in experimentally measuring near-field thermal radiative heat transfer in recent years owing to advances in micro- and nanomanufacturing technologies and materials science. Nonetheless, experimental configurations such as nanoprobes or sphere-plate structures have limited applications in near-field thermal systems because of their very small heat transfer areas. For the plate-plate configuration, various factors affect the detection of near-field heat radiation, including the heat transfer distance, flatness of the plate, and proportion of heat conduction through the separating medium. Consequently, the measurement accuracy of near-field thermal radiation faces numerous challenges, necessitating the development of novel measurement methods. Finally, this review briefly summarizes the key challenges in near-field thermal radiation research and analyzes their potential applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115836"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancement of biocarbon materials in sustainable thermal and electrochemical energy storage with future outlooks 生物碳材料在可持续热电化学储能中的研究进展及展望
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115779
Md. Shahriar Mohtasim , Barun K. Das
{"title":"Advancement of biocarbon materials in sustainable thermal and electrochemical energy storage with future outlooks","authors":"Md. Shahriar Mohtasim ,&nbsp;Barun K. Das","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biocarbon exhibits significant potential in thermal and electrochemical energy storage owing to its higher surface area, flexible porosity, and superior thermal stability, facilitating effective energy absorption, storage, and conversion. Additionally, its sustainable and cost-effective nature, derived from renewable biomass, aligns with the growing demand for eco-friendly solutions. There is not enough review work that offers comprehensive details on the unique properties of biocarbon (both animal and plant-derived), synthesis and characterization methods, the root level mechanism of biocarbon's interaction with phase change materials (PCMs) matrix, the generalization of thermal and electrochemical regulation with an emphasis on the benefits to the environment and economy, merely focus on the process of attaining United Nations sustainable development goals (UN SDGs) and role of artificial intelligence (AI) with biocarbon in thermal and electrochemical energy storage. This study aims to bridge the gaps by providing greater clarification on the interaction mechanism of biocarbon/PCM composites and founds that the thermal conductivity can upsurge by nearly 189 % or more, and the latent heat of crystallization can rise by roughly 132 %. It also provides a detailed comparison of conventional metal, ceramic, and carbon-based matrix materials with biocarbon matrix, life-cycle analysis, and the advantages of biocarbon materials from an economic and environmental standpoint with remaining challenges. Biocarbon has enormous potential to address a number of SDGs (7, 9, and 13) by facilitating energy utilization, fostering industrial innovation, and addressing climate change, all of which will contribute to a more sustainable and greener future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115779"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Systematic review on uncertainty quantification in machine learning-based building energy modeling 基于机器学习的建筑能源建模中不确定性量化的系统综述
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115817
X. Xu , Y. Hu , S. Atamturktur , L. Chen , J. Wang
{"title":"Systematic review on uncertainty quantification in machine learning-based building energy modeling","authors":"X. Xu ,&nbsp;Y. Hu ,&nbsp;S. Atamturktur ,&nbsp;L. Chen ,&nbsp;J. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uncertainty quantification (UQ) has received increasing attention for improving the reliability, transparency, and robustness of machine learning (ML)-based building energy modeling (BEM). As ML methods are widely integrated into BEM applications, there is a growing need for a structured and comprehensive understanding of UQ implementations in ML-based BEM. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a thorough review of literatures at the intersection of ML, BEM, and UQ, guided by a systematic literature search using a Keyword Synonym Search strategy. First, three primary sources of uncertainty are identified in ML-based BEM, which are building system operations, building simulation tools, and ML models. The contributing factors of these sources are further categorized into aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty. The review then examines ten state-of-the-art UQ techniques, respectively ensemble modeling, prior network, Bayesian neural networks, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, variational inference, dropout networks, Bayes by Backprop, Bayesian active learning, variational autoencoders, and Gaussian process. Each UQ technique is reviewed in terms of its modeling principles and applications within ML-based BEM. The discussion offers critical insights into the necessity, practical implementation, comparative performance, and research gaps of UQ in ML-based BEM. Five research challenges are discussed, such as the underrepresentation of aleatoric uncertainty in building datasets and limited adoptions of advanced UQ techniques within ML-based BEM. Finally, this review concludes with recommendations for future research to support the development of uncertainty-aware ML-based BEMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115817"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic life cycle assessment of building stocks: a systematic review 建筑存量动态生命周期评价:系统综述
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115682
Mugahid Elnour , Damien Trigaux , Karen Allacker
{"title":"Dynamic life cycle assessment of building stocks: a systematic review","authors":"Mugahid Elnour ,&nbsp;Damien Trigaux ,&nbsp;Karen Allacker","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The considerable environmental impact of the building sector on resource use and emissions drives the need for comprehensive environmental impact assessments to support sustainability efforts. As buildings become operationally more efficient, the environmental impacts of construction materials become more important. Incorporating spatiotemporal dynamics into building stock modelling can enhance assessment accuracy, informing policymakers on strategies to mitigate environmental impacts.</div><div>This systematic review analyses recent scientific literature on environmental modelling, focusing on life cycle assessment and material flow analysis studies of building stocks, their impact assessments, and associated spatiotemporal dynamics. The review identified 27 relevant studies, from which information was extracted on various aspects such as study goals, scope, methodologies, and impact categories. The selected studies were also analysed for spatiotemporal dynamics inclusion, identifying 17 dynamic parameters further grouped into five categories. The dynamic parameters were investigated for the methods and data sources used to predict their temporal evolution or spatial distribution.</div><div>The results revealed a shift towards large-scale and data-driven modelling, assessing macro-level changes in the building stock. The study identified several limitations related to building stock modelling practices, such as the need for clearly defined modelling methods, consideration of various impact categories, and uncertainty analysis. The findings on dynamic parameters identified common approaches when modelling building stock changes, potentially aiding in establishing standardised methods for dynamic building stock modelling, thus improving consistency and comparability between studies. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of chosen approaches on results and examine the interconnected nature of these parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115682"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decarbonisation strategies for critical mineral supply chain: State-of-Art in mining and refining industries 关键矿产供应链的脱碳战略:采矿和炼油行业的最新技术
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115811
Muhammad Saladin Islami , Tania Urmee , Christopher Lund , Parisa A. Bahri , Md Anisuzzaman
{"title":"Decarbonisation strategies for critical mineral supply chain: State-of-Art in mining and refining industries","authors":"Muhammad Saladin Islami ,&nbsp;Tania Urmee ,&nbsp;Christopher Lund ,&nbsp;Parisa A. Bahri ,&nbsp;Md Anisuzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite their vulnerability to climate change, mining and refining industries significantly provide energy transition materials. However, if no mitigation is implemented, the demand growth will increase direct and indirect emissions in the critical mineral sector. This research aims to comprehensively evaluate the decarbonisation agenda in lithium, nickel, and cobalt industries by profoundly examining the performances, strategies, and risks associated with climate transition. This study examines company reports of 27 players that accounted for at least half of the global lithium, nickel, and cobalt production. This study uses content analysis methodology to reveal patterns in decarbonisation targets, performances and practices. More than two-thirds of the observed companies favour onsite solar and wind generation. At least one-third of the samples mention energy-efficient equipment and electric vehicle adoption. Despite having a well-crafted strategy to reduce operational emissions, more efforts are needed to reduce the value-chain emissions. This study highlights the need for improvement in the carbon inventory and disclosure of scope three emissions by utilising artificial intelligence and maintaining strategic partnerships with stakeholders. Political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental (PESTLE) analysis also revealed patterns and linkages among the current decarbonisation challenges and opportunities, of which the industries are vulnerable to demand fluctuation, rising from regulatory and technological changes. This study highlights the current dynamics in the critical mineral supply chain, which may affect decarbonisation strategies in the industry. This study also provides a holistic approach to offer empirical practice for the industries, allowing them to tailor their strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115811"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A critical analysis of paradigm shifts from domestic solar cooking to institutional solar cooking technologies 从家用太阳能烹饪到机构太阳能烹饪技术的范式转变的批判性分析
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115840
Amit Kumar , Ashish Karn , Craig McGregor , Varun Pratap Singh
{"title":"A critical analysis of paradigm shifts from domestic solar cooking to institutional solar cooking technologies","authors":"Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Ashish Karn ,&nbsp;Craig McGregor ,&nbsp;Varun Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar cooking technologies have evolved into well-established and widely accepted solutions across domestic and institutional applications. Over the past five decades, technological advancements and cost-effectiveness have facilitated the transformation of simple box-type solar cookers into large-scale community cooking systems. However, selecting an optimal solar cooking technology remains challenging due to the absence of a single dominant factor. Users must evaluate energy, economic, and environmental (EEE) considerations for long-term adoption. This study introduces a Selection Index (SI) based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to guide users in making informed decisions about solar cooking technologies. A comparative energy analysis over 25 years reveals that box solar, panel box solar, and PCM-based box cookers exhibit net energy balances of 19.33, 23.90, and 29.62 GJ, respectively. While Fresnel lens, SK-14, SK-30, Scheffler, and institutional solar cooking systems achieve significantly higher values of 188.24, 216.23, 1154.52, 3111.67, and 72411.17 GJ, respectively. The economic analysis highlights net balances from ₹10,662.47 for box solar to ₹171.73 million for institutional solar cooking, demonstrating long-term cost-effectiveness. Environmental benefits include substantial CO<sub>2</sub> reductions, with box cookers preventing up to 1.70 metric tons, while institutional solar cookers reduce emissions by 4.36 million metric tons. The SI values range from 0.64 to 1.81, confirming the superior sustainability of institutional solar cooking. The findings emphasize the viability of institutional solar cooking as the most efficient, economical, and environmentally sustainable alternative, reinforcing its role in achieving global sustainability goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115840"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A comprehensive review of machine learning and Internet of Things integrations for emission monitoring and resilient sustainable energy management of ships in port areas 对港区船舶排放监测和弹性可持续能源管理的机器学习和物联网集成进行全面审查
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115843
Mahmoud Elsisi , Mohammed Amer , Chun-Lien Su , Tawfiq Aljohani , Mahmoud N. Ali , Mohamed Sharawy
{"title":"A comprehensive review of machine learning and Internet of Things integrations for emission monitoring and resilient sustainable energy management of ships in port areas","authors":"Mahmoud Elsisi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Amer ,&nbsp;Chun-Lien Su ,&nbsp;Tawfiq Aljohani ,&nbsp;Mahmoud N. Ali ,&nbsp;Mohamed Sharawy","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maritime emissions are a major environmental challenge, with the shipping industry significantly contributing to air pollution and climate change. Port operations, as key hubs of maritime activity, present vital opportunities to reduce emissions and optimize energy usage. This paper offers a comprehensive review of machine learning (ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for real-time emission monitoring and sustainable energy management in port environments. The integration of ML and IoT is explored as a strategy to minimize ship emissions and improve energy efficiency within ports. Current emission management practices are analyzed, focusing on their environmental and health impacts. Advanced monitoring methods, such as drone-based sensing and ensemble ML algorithms, are evaluated for their effectiveness in real-time emission detection and mitigation. Energy management approaches like bidirectional cold ironing, microgrids, and shore power infrastructure are discussed, emphasizing their role in both emission control and energy optimization. Drones are highlighted as critical tools for continuous, dynamic monitoring of vessel emissions within ports, offering substantial potential to reduce pollution. The paper further examines the integration of real-time emission data with power-sharing mechanisms to optimize energy distribution. Integration challenges are addressed with scalable cloud platforms, standardized communication protocols, and phased implementation strategies for IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) systems in existing port operations. Economic feasibility considerations for adopting technologies such as cold ironing and renewable energy systems in ports are discussed. These considerations include solutions like bidirectional cold ironing, public-private partnerships, and smart grid investments. Furthermore, the paper explores cybersecurity risks associated with the integration of IoT technologies into port operations, highlighting potential vulnerabilities and proposing mitigation strategies, including encryption, secure communication channels, and regular vulnerability assessments. Finally, the review calls for further research to align maritime practices with emerging sustainable technologies. This will support environmental stewardship and enhance operational efficiency in port areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115843"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Key parameters influencing steam-reforming performance for hydrogen production 影响制氢蒸汽重整性能的关键参数
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115777
Fatemeh Boshagh , Ha-Jun Yoon , Chul-Jin Lee
{"title":"Key parameters influencing steam-reforming performance for hydrogen production","authors":"Fatemeh Boshagh ,&nbsp;Ha-Jun Yoon ,&nbsp;Chul-Jin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen production via steam reforming (SR) is technically and economically feasible. To achieve higher feedstock conversion and H<sub>2</sub> yield, this study reviews the key parameters affecting SR, including feedstock type, temperature, steam-to-carbon molar ratio, pressure, space velocity, catalyst type, and reactor type. Accordingly, optimal parameter values must be selected considering thermodynamic, kinetic, and economic conditions. In addition, the challenges and prospects of the SR process are explored. Significant limitations of the SR process include overdependence on fossil fuels, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, high energy requirements, catalyst deactivation, heat management, and infrastructure development. However, adopting renewable and sustainable feedstocks such as biogas, renewable energy sources like wind, solar, hydropower, tidal, and geothermal, smaller-scale SR, and carbon capture utilization, and storage technology can ensure that SR remains a viable H<sub>2</sub> production method alongside the increasing adoption of greener alternatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115777"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A comprehensive review of emission characteristics and mitigation strategies for non-road small spark-ignition engines 非道路小型火花点火发动机排放特性及缓解策略综述
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115833
Peiyong Ni , Zhen Dong , Xiangli Wang , Xiang Li , Xuewen Zhang , Jie Zhang
{"title":"A comprehensive review of emission characteristics and mitigation strategies for non-road small spark-ignition engines","authors":"Peiyong Ni ,&nbsp;Zhen Dong ,&nbsp;Xiangli Wang ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Xuewen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the global shift toward electrification, non-road small spark-ignition (SI) engines continue to dominate as primary power sources for garden equipment, agricultural machinery and generator sets. However, their operation with the rich air-fuel mixture leads to significant emission challenges. This comprehensive review systematically covers the emission characteristics, regulations and available control technologies for small SI engines. Current analyses indicate that these engines exhibit distinct emission profiles, characterized by elevated hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon oxide (CO) emissions, along with moderate nitrogen oxide (NOx) level. Among various operating and structural parameters, the excess air coefficient is identified as the most critical factor governing emission performance. The review identifies several promising mitigation strategies. Alcohol-gasoline blends consistently reduce HC and CO emissions by 30–40 %, although their impact on NOx emissions remains variable. In contrast, electronic fuel injection (EFI) systems outperform carburetors, improving mixture quality and reducing HC and CO emissions by 50–70 %. Furthermore, the integration of secondary air injection (SAI) with oxidation catalysts reduces HC and CO emissions by 66–88 %, whereas three-way catalytic converters (TWCs) achieve up to 90 % reductions in HC and CO and 75 % in HC + NOx. While many emission control technologies from automotive applications show potential for adaptation, their implementation in small SI engines must consider critical constraints related to cost-effectiveness and spatial limitations. This review establishes a systematic framework for understanding and addressing emission reduction challenges in small SI engines, providing valuable insights for researchers, manufacturers and policymakers in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115833"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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