Reproducible non-intrusive load monitoring: A survey of open-source methods and practical challenges

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2025.116255

Zhongzong Yan , Matteo Nardello , Davide Brunelli , He Wen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a promising solution for improving energy efficiency and promoting sustainable electricity usage by disaggregating appliance-level consumption from aggregate smart meter data. However, despite extensive research, many proposed solutions still lack detailed implementation resources, such as data and code, making reproducibility challenging for both researchers and industry practitioners. This paper presents a comprehensive review of open-source NILM approaches, with a specific focus on reproducibility. We survey both high- and low-frequency NILM methods, analyze publicly available implementations, and conduct reproducibility tests to assess alignment between reported and reproduced results. Through this analysis, we identify key challenges related to dataset inconsistencies, evaluation metrics, and experimental settings. We also discuss strategies for improving methodological transparency, comparability, and reliability of NILM research. Finally, we explore the practical challenges and opportunities for deploying NILM in real-world applications.

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可重复的非侵入式负载监控：对开源方法和实际挑战的调查

非侵入式负荷监测（NILM）是一种很有前途的解决方案，通过从智能电表汇总数据中分解家电级消费，提高能源效率，促进可持续用电。然而，尽管进行了广泛的研究，许多提出的解决方案仍然缺乏详细的实施资源，例如数据和代码，这使得研究人员和行业从业者都难以再现。本文介绍了对开源NILM方法的全面回顾，特别关注可重复性。我们调查了高频和低频NILM方法，分析了公开可用的实现，并进行了可重复性测试，以评估报告和再现结果之间的一致性。通过这一分析，我们确定了与数据集不一致、评估指标和实验设置相关的关键挑战。我们还讨论了提高NILM研究方法透明度、可比性和可靠性的策略。最后，我们将探讨在实际应用程序中部署NILM的实际挑战和机遇。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 工程技术-能源与燃料

CiteScore

31.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

1055

审稿时长

62 days

期刊介绍： The mission of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews is to disseminate the most compelling and pertinent critical insights in renewable and sustainable energy, fostering collaboration among the research community, private sector, and policy and decision makers. The journal aims to exchange challenges, solutions, innovative concepts, and technologies, contributing to sustainable development, the transition to a low-carbon future, and the attainment of emissions targets outlined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews publishes a diverse range of content, including review papers, original research, case studies, and analyses of new technologies, all featuring a substantial review component such as critique, comparison, or analysis. Introducing a distinctive paper type, Expert Insights, the journal presents commissioned mini-reviews authored by field leaders, addressing topics of significant interest. Case studies undergo consideration only if they showcase the work's applicability to other regions or contribute valuable insights to the broader field of renewable and sustainable energy. Notably, a bibliographic or literature review lacking critical analysis is deemed unsuitable for publication.