Enhancing grid flexibility and renewable integration: A review of V2G and dynamic line rating synergies

Wind power integration faces severe challenges due to the volatility of renewable energy and transmission congestion. Although vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and dynamic line rating (DLR) can provide complementary grid and demand-side flexibility, their synergistic potential remains underexplored. This review proposes a unified framework to evaluate the synergies of V2G–DLR under uncertainty by integrating operational models and performance benchmarks. It provides a comprehensive review of key aspects, including wind turbine generation mechanisms, grid connection standards, causes of wind curtailment, benefits of Electric Vehicle (EV) integration, and DLR monitoring technologies and their comparative advantages. The paper concludes by identifying future directions and existing research gaps, including the adoption of a hybrid DLR monitoring system leveraging multi-sensor fusion for extreme weather resilience, microgrid-based dispatch optimization strategies, behavior-oriented EV modeling, policy and regulatory considerations, and life-cycle impact assessment. These findings aim to provide a structured foundation for improving grid reliability and flexibility in renewable energy-rich power systems through coordinated V2G and DLR strategies.