Progress in Quantum Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Gas lasers pumped by runaway electrons preionized diffuse discharge","authors":"Alexei N. Panchenko,&nbsp;Dmitry A. Sorokin,&nbsp;Victor F. Tarasenko","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>The paper is a review of gas lasers pumped by runaway electrons preionized diffuse discharge (REP DD). The various conditions under which the discharge occurs are described. It is shown that in the presence of the highly non-uniform electric field strength distribution in a gap filled with dense gases, a stable diffuse discharge is ignited without the use of additional sources of </span>ionizing radiation. This, in turn, is achieved by using discharge gaps, in which at least one of the electrodes has a small radius of curvature (e.g., “point-plane”, “blade-blade” and so on), and high-voltage (10s–100s ​kV) pulses with a (sub)nanosecond rise time. With this method of forming the discharge the runaway electrons can produce X-ray quanta in the gap and, together with them, provide preionization of the laser gas mixture. The dense nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma of this discharge can remain diffuse during the entire excitation time, including single pulse excitation and repetitive mode at the voltage </span>pulse repetition rate up to several kHz. The properties and parameters of REP DD plasma are considered. Experimental and simulated characteristics of </span>stimulated emission of REP DD plasma in various gaseous media are presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2324752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexagonal boron nitride: Epitaxial growth and device applications","authors":"A. Maity,&nbsp;S.J. Grenadier,&nbsp;J. Li,&nbsp;J.Y. Lin,&nbsp;H.X. Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>As a newest family member of the III-nitrides, BN is considered amongst the remaining frontiers in wide energy bandgap semiconductors with potentials for technologically significant applications in deep UV (DUV) optoelectronics, solid-state </span>neutron detectors<span><span>, electron emitters, single photon emitters, switching/memory devices, and super-capacitors. It was shown that it is possible to produce h-BN epilayers with high hexagonal phase purity, UV transparency, and film </span>stoichiometry by employing nitrogen-rich growth conditions. The quasi-2D nature of h-</span></span><span>BN</span><span> supports unusually strong optical transitions<span> near the band edge and a large exciton<span> binding energy on the order of 0.7 ​eV. Due to the fact that the isotope of B-10 has a large capture cross-section for thermal neutrons, h-BN is an ideal material for the fabrication of solid-state neutron detectors for special nuclear materials detection, well and geothermal logging, and medical imaging applications. Freestanding B-10 enriched h-BN (h-</span></span></span>¹⁰<span><span>BN) epilayers with varying thicknesses up to 200 ​μm have been successfully synthesized by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) as of this writing. By utilizing the </span>conductivity anisotropy nature of h-BN, 1 ​cm</span>² lateral detectors fabricated from 100 ​μm thick h-¹⁰BN epilayers have demonstrated a detection efficiency of 59% for thermal neutrons, which is the highest on record among all solid-state neutron detectors as of today. It was noted that high growth temperatures, long growth times and the use of sapphire substrate tend to incorporate oxygen related impurities into h-¹⁰BN epilayers, which strongly impacted the carrier mobility-lifetime (μτ) products and charge collection efficiencies of h-¹⁰BN neutron detectors. As the h-BN material technology further develops, improved carrier mobilities and μτ products will allow the fabrication of h-BN devices with enhanced performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 100302"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2324751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel III-V semiconductor epitaxy for optoelectronic devices through two-dimensional materials","authors":"Chao Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhaonan Li ,&nbsp;Tianyi Tang ,&nbsp;Jiaqian Sun ,&nbsp;Wenkang Zhan ,&nbsp;Bo Xu ,&nbsp;Huajun Sun ,&nbsp;Hui Jiang ,&nbsp;Kong Liu ,&nbsp;Shengchun Qu ,&nbsp;Zhijie Wang ,&nbsp;Zhanguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>III-V semiconductor materials are the basis of photonic devices<span> due to their unique optical properties. There is an increasing demand for fabricating these devices on unconventional substrates for various applications, such as </span></span>silicon<span><span> photonic integrated circuits<span>, flexible optoelectronic<span> devices, and ultralow-profile photonics. However, the III-V semiconductor </span></span></span>epitaxy<span><span><span> often encounters problems from the lattice, thermal, and polarity mismatches with foreign substrates. In recent years, the epitaxial growth of defect-free group–III–V materials through two-dimensional materials has exploded as an attractive area of research. The nonconventional epitaxy way demonstrates potential advantages over conventional ones, including high quality and freedom of using diverse substrates, making them viable candidates for emerging applications. Herein, we offer a complete review of the recent achievements made in this field. We summarize the growth conditions and mechanisms involved in fabricating these structures through different two-dimensional materials. The unique optical properties of the epitaxy correlating with their growth conditions are discussed, along with their respective applications in optics and </span>nanophotonics, including light-emitting diodes, </span>photodetectors, and solar cells. Finally, we detail the remaining obstacles and challenges to exploit the potential for such practical applications fully.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2620882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue in honor of the 70th birthday of Professor James J. Coleman","authors":"Xiuling Li,&nbsp;Catrina Coleman,&nbsp;Weidong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 100301"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2183577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale selective area epitaxy: From semiconductor lasers to single-photon sources","authors":"V.B. Verma ,&nbsp;V.C. Elarde","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>We present a review of selective area epitaxy and its history in the evolution of </span>semiconductor lasers<span>, with a focus on its application at the nanoscale level in the development of </span></span>quantum dot<span> and nanopore<span> lasers. Recent applications will be discussed including applications to integrated photonics and quantum photonics, such as patterned single-photon sources.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2620883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strained-layer quantum well materials grown by MOCVD for diode laser application","authors":"Luke J. Mawst ,&nbsp;Honghyuk Kim ,&nbsp;Gary Smith ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Nelson Tansu","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2183578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective area epitaxy by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition– a tool for photonic and novel nanostructure integration","authors":"P. Daniel Dapkus ,&nbsp;Chun Yung Chi ,&nbsp;Sang Jun Choi ,&nbsp;Hyung Joon Chu ,&nbsp;Mitchell Dreiske ,&nbsp;Rijuan Li ,&nbsp;Yenting Lin ,&nbsp;Yoshitake Nakajima ,&nbsp;Dawei Ren ,&nbsp;Ryan Stevenson ,&nbsp;Maoqing Yao ,&nbsp;Ting Wei Yeh ,&nbsp;Hanmin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Selective area epitaxial (SAE) growth of III-V materials and devices by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition<span> is selectively reviewed to illustrate the concepts employed in this technology and its most relevant applications. Special focus on the use of SAE use for photonic integration, heterogeneous integration of materials relevant to photonic integration, and </span></span>nanostructure integration is made. Throughout, the pioneering work led by Professor James J. Coleman is used to illustrate the value of using selective growth for various applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 100304"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2005562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of energy-autonomous solar cell receivers for satellite–air–ground–ocean optical wireless communication","authors":"Meiwei Kong,&nbsp;Chun Hong Kang,&nbsp;Omar Alkhazragi,&nbsp;Xiaobin Sun,&nbsp;Yujian Guo,&nbsp;Mohammed Sait,&nbsp;Jorge A. Holguin-Lerma,&nbsp;Tien Khee Ng,&nbsp;Boon S. Ooi","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the advent of the Internet of Things, energy- and bandwidth-related issues are becoming increasingly prominent in the context of supporting the massive connectivity of various smart devices. To this end, we propose that solar cells with the dual functions of energy harvesting and signal acquisition are critical for alleviating energy-related issues and enabling optical wireless communication (OWC) across the satellite–air–ground–ocean (SAGO) boundaries. Moreover, we present the first comprehensive survey on solar cell-based OWC technology. First, the historical evolution of this technology is summarized, from its beginnings to recent advances, to provide the relative merits of a variety of solar cells for simultaneous energy harvesting and OWC in different application scenarios. Second, the performance metrics, circuit design, and architectural design for energy-autonomous solar cell receivers are provided to help understand the basic principles of this technology. Finally, with a view to its future application to SAGO communication networks, we note the challenges and future trends of research related to this technology in terms of channel characterization, light source development, photodetector development, modulation and multiplexing techniques, and network implementations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3386802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Er-doped crystalline active media for ~ 3 μm diode-pumped lasers","authors":"Richard Švejkar,&nbsp;Jan Šulc,&nbsp;Helena Jelínková","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Lasers based on erbium ions using </span>⁴I_11/2 ​→ ​⁴I_13/2<span><span> transition can generate laser radiation in the spectral range from 2.7 ​μm to 3 ​μm. Since the strong absorption peak of water is located at 3 ​μm, there has been an effort to develop a suitable laser source for various medical applications, e.g. dentistry, dermatology, urology, or surgery. Laser radiation from this wavelength range can also be used in spectroscopy, as a pumping source for optical parametric </span>oscillators, or for further mid-infrared conversion.</span></p><p>This paper represents an overview of the erbium-doped active media (e.g. Er:YAG, Er:YAP, Er:GGG, Er:SrF₂, Er:YLF, Er:Y₂O₃, Er:KYW, etc.) for laser radiation generation in the spectral range 2.7–3 ​μm. In the first part of this paper, the particular active media are discussed in detail. On the other hand, the experimental results summarized absorption and emission cross-section spectra together with decay times at upper (⁴I_11/2) and lower (⁴I_13/2) laser levels of all tested Er-doped samples at room temperature. Moreover, laser results in CW and pulsed laser regime with tunability curves, achieved in recent years, are presented, too.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3386801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photonic Ge-Sb-Te phase change metamaterials and their applications","authors":"Tun Cao ,&nbsp;Rongzi Wang ,&nbsp;Robert E. Simpson ,&nbsp;Guixin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The ultrafast, reversible, nonvolatile and multistimuli responsive phase change of Ge-Sb-Te (GST) alloy makes it an interesting “smart” material. The optical features of GST undergo significant variation when its state changes between amorphous<span><span><span> and crystalline, meaning that they are useful for tuning photonic components. A GST </span>phase change material (PCM) can be efficiently triggered by stimuli such as short optical or electrical pulses, providing versatility in high-performance photonic applications and excellent capability to control light. In this review, we study the fundamentals of GST-tuned photonics and systematically summarise the progress in this area. We then introduce current developments in both GST-metal hybrid </span>metamaterials<span> and GST-based dielectric metamaterials, and investigate the strategy of designing reversibly switchable GST-based </span></span></span>photonic devices<span> and their advantages. These devices may have a vast array of potential applications in optical memories, switches, data storage, cloaking, photodetectors, modulators, antennas etc. Finally, the prospect of implementing GST PCM in emerging fields within photonics is considered.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2620884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}