Progress in Quantum Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Recent progress on metamaterials: From effective medium model to real-time information processing system","authors":"Xiaojian Fu,&nbsp;Tie Jun Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Electromagnetic (EM) </span>metamaterials<span><span> are artificially engineered media composed of subwavelength unit cells, which achieve exotic EM properties beyond the limits of natural materials and provide great freedom to manipulate </span>EM waves<span><span>. Here, we review the recent progress on metamaterials in terms of three aspects: effective medium metamaterials, plasmonic metamaterials, and information metamaterials, respectively. In the first section for the effective medium metamaterials, we summarize the fundamental physics and typical applications such as </span>invisibility cloaks<span>, lenses, antennas, and other passive devices. Tunable, reconfigurable, and active metamaterials are also introduced. In the second section, we review the research progress of single plasmons at optical frequencies, and then present highly efficient excitation methods of spoof </span></span></span></span>surface plasmon<span><span><span><span> polaritons (SPPs) and introduce typical passive and active SPP devices such as </span>waveguides<span><span>, beam splitters, filters, directional couplers, amplifiers, and second harmonic generators. SPP on-chip components and circuits are also investigated with the remarkable advantages in crosstalk reduction to solve the signal-integrity problem, which has challenged to the microwave devices and integrated circuit technologies for many years. Subsequently, spoof localized surface plasmons (LSPs) having novel resonant modes and potential application in high sensitivity sensors are illustrated. In the third section, we first give a brief introduction of EM </span>metasurfaces as well as their applications in generation of </span></span>optical vortex<span> beams, holograms, and metalenses, and then give a comprehensive review on the recently proposed information metamaterials, including digital coding metamaterials and field-programmable metamaterials, by taking account of the physical principles and their new functions in real-time manipulation of the EM waves such as anomalous reflections or refractions, radar cross section (RCS) reductions, and beam scanning. We further demonstrate the applications of programmable metamaterials in programmable radar, imaging, </span></span>wireless communication, and hologram systems. Finally, an outlook of the future directions of metamaterials is offered.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3386808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of III-V lasers on Si for Si photonics","authors":"Mingchu Tang ,&nbsp;Jae-Seong Park ,&nbsp;Zhechao Wang ,&nbsp;Siming Chen ,&nbsp;Pamela Jurczak ,&nbsp;Alwyn Seeds ,&nbsp;Huiyun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Development of Si photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has been impeded due to lack of efficient Si-based light-emitting sources. Because of their indirect bandgap, bulk Ge and Si are very inefficient at emitting light. Therefore, direct-bandgap III-V semiconductors have been extensively exploited for the active region of the lasers for PICs. Heterogeneous and monolithic integration of III-V semiconductor components on Si platforms have been considered as promising solutions to achieve practical on-chip light-emitting sources for Si </span>photonics. This paper reviews the latest developments on telecommunication wavelength III-V lasers integrated on Si substrates, in terms of integration methods and laser performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Pages 1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.05.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2620895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum plasmonics get applied","authors":"Zhang-Kai Zhou ,&nbsp;Jingfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Yanjun Bao ,&nbsp;Lin Wu ,&nbsp;Ching Eng Png ,&nbsp;Xue-Hua Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng-Wei Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Plasmons, the </span>electromagnetic<span> excitations coupled with electron waves, possess the intrinsic ability of manipulating light at subwavelength scales down to picometer. This ability not only helps uncovering the fascinating quantum behaviors that strengthen the basic understanding of quantum science, but also enables the inventions of various quantum optoelectronic devices, triggering the birth of quantum plasmonic technology. The past decade has witnessed the flourishing of this technology. In this review, we first focus on fundamental investigations into quantum behaviors for both “isolated” plasmonic </span></span>nanostructures and “coupled” plasmon-emitter systems, emphasizing new theoretical frameworks and experimental advances. Leveraging on these fundamentals, the progress in exploring and applying quantum plasmonic devices is discussed, such as quantum plasmonic circuits, nanolasers, biochemistry, and spin-orbit interaction devices. Upon summarizing the past and present developments, the future research directions and promising applications are highlighted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"65 ","pages":"Pages 1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2392436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical bottle microresonators","authors":"M. Sumetsky","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The optical microresonators reviewed in this paper are called bottle microresonators because their profile often resembles an elongated spheroid or a microscopic bottle. These resonators<span><span> are commonly fabricated from an optical fiber<span> by variation of its radius. Generally, variation of the bottle microresonator (BMR) radius along the fiber axis can be quite complex presenting, e.g., a series of coupled BMRs positioned along the fiber. Similar to optical spherical and toroidal microresonators, BMRs support whispering gallery modes (WGMs) which are localized inside the resonator due to the effect of total internal reflection. The elongation of BMRs along the fiber axis enables their several important properties and applications not possible to realize with other optical microresonators. The paper starts with the review of the BMR theory, which includes their spectral properties, slow WGM propagation along BMRs, theory of Surface </span></span>Nanoscale<span> Axial Photonics (SNAP) BMRs, theory of resonant transmission of light through BMR microresonators coupled to transverse </span></span></span>waveguides (microfibers), theory of nonstationary WGMs in BMRs, and theory of nonlinear BMRs. Next, the fabrication methods of BMRs including melting of optical fibers, fiber annealing in SNAP technology, rolling of semiconductor bilayers, solidifying of a UV-curable adhesive, and others are reviewed. Finally, the applications of BMRs which either have been demonstrated or feasible in the nearest future are considered. These applications include miniature BMR delay lines, BMR lasers, nonlinear BMRs, optomechanical BMRs, BMR for quantum processing, and BMR sensors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3386805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and realization of light absorbers using plasmonic nanoparticles","authors":"Ludovic Escoubas ,&nbsp;Miriam Carlberg ,&nbsp;Judikael Le Rouzo ,&nbsp;Florent Pourcin ,&nbsp;Jorg Ackermann ,&nbsp;Olivier Margeat ,&nbsp;Clement Reynaud ,&nbsp;David Duche ,&nbsp;Jean-Jacques Simon ,&nbsp;Rose-Marie Sauvage ,&nbsp;Gérard Berginc","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The applications of light absorbers concern photodetectors<span>, optical filters, solar applications or flexible electronics. In this review, we will detail the application of such light absorbers and we will develop the main demonstrations of the use of metallic </span></span>nanoparticles<span><span><span> embedded within a host matrix to fabricate coatings aiming at harvesting light. We will explain how chemically synthetized silver nanoparticles of various shapes (spheres, cubes, …) and sizes allow controlling the </span>optical properties<span> of heterogeneous thin film layers. By coupling the optical characterizations with computer modeling, we will describe how the nanoparticles behave both individually and collectively. To control reflected and absorbed light by thin film layers containing nanoparticles several points have to be addressed: the relation between the shape of the nanoparticle and the </span></span>absorptance of the layer, the interaction of light between nanoparticles and the collective behavior of aggregates.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2620897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terahertz biophotonics as a tool for studies of dielectric and spectral properties of biological tissues and liquids","authors":"O.A. Smolyanskaya ,&nbsp;N.V. Chernomyrdin ,&nbsp;A.A. Konovko ,&nbsp;K.I. Zaytsev ,&nbsp;I.A. Ozheredov ,&nbsp;O.P. Cherkasova ,&nbsp;M.M. Nazarov ,&nbsp;J.-P. Guillet ,&nbsp;S.A. Kozlov ,&nbsp;Yu. V. Kistenev ,&nbsp;J.-L. Coutaz ,&nbsp;P. Mounaix ,&nbsp;V.L. Vaks ,&nbsp;J.-H. Son ,&nbsp;H. Cheon ,&nbsp;V.P. Wallace ,&nbsp;Yu. Feldman ,&nbsp;I. Popov ,&nbsp;A.N. Yaroslavsky ,&nbsp;A.P. Shkurinov ,&nbsp;V.V. Tuchin","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this review, we describe dielectric properties<span><span> of biological tissues and liquids in the context of terahertz (THz) biophotonics. We discuss a model of the THz dielectric permittivity of water and water-containing media, which yields analysis of the relaxation and damped resonant molecules modes. We briefly describe modern techniques of THz spectroscopy and imaging employed in biophotonics with a strong emphasize on a THz time-domain spectroscopy. Furthermore, we consider the methods of sub-wavelength resolution THz imaging and the problem of THz wave delivery to hard to access tissues and internal organs. We consider the THz dielectric properties of biological solutions and liquids. Although strong absorption by water molecules prevents THz-waves from penetration of hydrated tissues and probing biological molecules in aqueous solutions, we discuss approaches for overcoming these drawbacks – novel techniques of freezing and temporal dehydration by application of hyperosmotic agents which have a potential for cancer detection. We review recent applications of THz technology in diagnosis of malignancies and aiding histology paying particular attention to the origin of contrast observed between healthy and pathological tissues. We consider recent applications of THz reflectometry in sensing the thinning dynamics of human pre-corneal tear film. Modern modalities of THz imaging, which relies on the concepts of multi-spectral and multi-temporal domains and employing the principles of color vision, phase analysis and </span>tomography<span> are discussed. Novel methods of THz spectra analysis based on machine learning, pattern recognition, chemical imaging and the revealing of the spatial distribution of various substances in a tissue, are analyzed. Advanced thermal model describing biological object irradiated by THz waves and phantoms mimicking the optical properties of tissues at THz frequencies are presented. Finally, application of the high-resolution THz spectroscopy in analytic chemistry, biology and medicine are described.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 1-77"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2392439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"III-nitride nanowires on unconventional substrates: From materials to optoelectronic device applications","authors":"Chao Zhao ,&nbsp;Nasir Alfaraj ,&nbsp;Ram Chandra Subedi,&nbsp;Jian Wei Liang,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Alatawi,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Alhamoud,&nbsp;Mohamed Ebaid,&nbsp;Mohd Sharizal Alias,&nbsp;Tien Khee Ng,&nbsp;Boon S. Ooi","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Group-III nitrides and their alloys feature direct bandgaps covering a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum, making them a promising material system for various applications, such as solid state lighting, chemical/biological sensing, water splitting, medical diagnostics, and communications. In recent years, the growth of strain and defect-free group-III nitride vertical nanowires has exploded as an area of research. These nanowires, grown on various unconventional substrates, such as silicon and different metals, demonstrate potential advantages over their planar counterparts, including wavelength tunability to the near infrared and reduced efficiency droop. The low-profile and low power consumption of such nanowires also make them viable candidates for emerging applications, such as the Internet of things and artificial intelligence. Herein, we present a comprehensive review on the recent achievements made in the field of III-nitride nanowires. We compare and discuss the growth conditions and mechanisms involved in fabricating these structures via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy. How the unique optical, electrical, and thermal properties of these nanowires are correlated with their growth conditions on various unconventional substrates is discussed, along with their respective applications, including light-emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and photoelectrodes. Finally, we detail the remaining obstacles and challenges to fully exploit the potential of III-nitride nanowires for such practical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and prospects of lasers developed from colloidal semiconductor nanostructures","authors":"Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Handong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Since the first observation of stimulated emission from colloidal </span>quantum dots<span> (CQDs) in year 2000, tremendous progress has been made in developing solution-processed lasers from colloidal semiconductor nanostructures<span> in terms of both understanding the fundamental physics and improving the device performance. In this review paper, we will start with a brief introduction about the fabrication of CQDs and the corresponding electronic structures. The emphasis will be put on the discussion about the optical gain and lasing from colloidal nanostructures including the gain mechanism, the main hurdles against optical gain and lasing as well as strategies to optimize the lasing performance. Afterwards, the recent advances in CQD lasers, exemplified by the achievement of continuous wave lasing, will be presented. Finally, the challenges and a perspective of the future development of lasers based on the colloidal semiconductor nanostructures will be presented.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2392438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum coherent nanodynamics by the interplay of localized photons, electron-hole pairs, and phonons","authors":"Kiyoshi Kobayashi,&nbsp;Akira Ishikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intriguing intrinsic properties of light quanta and related topics are reviewed by emphasizing the self-consistency of light-matter interactions and open nano-systems dynamics. It is pointed out that there still remain fundamental and challenging issues related to quantization of a finite nano-system interacting with a massive (i.e., localized) photon field,as well as with a hierarchical or structured phonon field. By using theoretical frameworks developed for an infinite system, some of quantum nature of a finite nano-system are revealed, and it is theoretically shown that dynamic phonon environments and the interplay of coherent and incoherent phonons play an important role in quantum coherent dynamics of electron-hole pairs interacting with massive photon fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanolasers: Second-order intensity correlation, direct modulation and electromagnetic isolation in array architectures","authors":"Si Hui Pan ,&nbsp;Suruj S. Deka ,&nbsp;Abdelkrim El Amili ,&nbsp;Qing Gu ,&nbsp;Yeshaiahu Fainman","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Ideal integrated light emitters for optical interconnects should be compact in size, high in modulation bandwidth, efficient in energy consumption and tunable in frequency. Nanolasers are excellent candidates for such an application. In this article, we review and offer further in-depth analyses in three key aspects of recent nanolaser research, including second order intensity correlation, </span><em>g</em>^<em>2</em><em>(τ)</em><span>, characterizations, direct modulation and electromagnetic isolation in a dual nanolaser system. For coherence characterization, we review a technique exploiting not only the photon bunching peak, but also the </span><em>g</em>^<em>2</em><em>(τ)</em><span> pulse width to determine the spontaneous emission (SE), amplified SE and lasing regimes of a nanolaser with a high SE factor, </span><em>β</em>. We show that this technique is applicable for lasers with <em>β</em>′s ranging from 10⁻⁵<span><span> to unity. Additionally, we demonstrate the first direct current modulation of an electrically pumped metallo-dielectric nanolaser (MDNL) at 30 MHz. Considering the viability of nanolasers for dense integration, we then review the electromagnetic coupling between two closely spaced MDNLs and identify two practical methods to eliminate such coupling. Lastly, we review the state-of-the-art development in and offer future perspectives on three other important areas of nanolaser research ― integration with </span>silicon photonics, wide-range frequency tuning and dual nanolaser dynamics.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}