Progress in Quantum Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Terahertz biophotonics as a tool for studies of dielectric and spectral properties of biological tissues and liquids","authors":"O.A. Smolyanskaya ,&nbsp;N.V. Chernomyrdin ,&nbsp;A.A. Konovko ,&nbsp;K.I. Zaytsev ,&nbsp;I.A. Ozheredov ,&nbsp;O.P. Cherkasova ,&nbsp;M.M. Nazarov ,&nbsp;J.-P. Guillet ,&nbsp;S.A. Kozlov ,&nbsp;Yu. V. Kistenev ,&nbsp;J.-L. Coutaz ,&nbsp;P. Mounaix ,&nbsp;V.L. Vaks ,&nbsp;J.-H. Son ,&nbsp;H. Cheon ,&nbsp;V.P. Wallace ,&nbsp;Yu. Feldman ,&nbsp;I. Popov ,&nbsp;A.N. Yaroslavsky ,&nbsp;A.P. Shkurinov ,&nbsp;V.V. Tuchin","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this review, we describe dielectric properties<span><span> of biological tissues and liquids in the context of terahertz (THz) biophotonics. We discuss a model of the THz dielectric permittivity of water and water-containing media, which yields analysis of the relaxation and damped resonant molecules modes. We briefly describe modern techniques of THz spectroscopy and imaging employed in biophotonics with a strong emphasize on a THz time-domain spectroscopy. Furthermore, we consider the methods of sub-wavelength resolution THz imaging and the problem of THz wave delivery to hard to access tissues and internal organs. We consider the THz dielectric properties of biological solutions and liquids. Although strong absorption by water molecules prevents THz-waves from penetration of hydrated tissues and probing biological molecules in aqueous solutions, we discuss approaches for overcoming these drawbacks – novel techniques of freezing and temporal dehydration by application of hyperosmotic agents which have a potential for cancer detection. We review recent applications of THz technology in diagnosis of malignancies and aiding histology paying particular attention to the origin of contrast observed between healthy and pathological tissues. We consider recent applications of THz reflectometry in sensing the thinning dynamics of human pre-corneal tear film. Modern modalities of THz imaging, which relies on the concepts of multi-spectral and multi-temporal domains and employing the principles of color vision, phase analysis and </span>tomography<span> are discussed. Novel methods of THz spectra analysis based on machine learning, pattern recognition, chemical imaging and the revealing of the spatial distribution of various substances in a tissue, are analyzed. Advanced thermal model describing biological object irradiated by THz waves and phantoms mimicking the optical properties of tissues at THz frequencies are presented. Finally, application of the high-resolution THz spectroscopy in analytic chemistry, biology and medicine are described.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 1-77"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2392439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"III-nitride nanowires on unconventional substrates: From materials to optoelectronic device applications","authors":"Chao Zhao ,&nbsp;Nasir Alfaraj ,&nbsp;Ram Chandra Subedi,&nbsp;Jian Wei Liang,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Alatawi,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Alhamoud,&nbsp;Mohamed Ebaid,&nbsp;Mohd Sharizal Alias,&nbsp;Tien Khee Ng,&nbsp;Boon S. Ooi","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Group-III nitrides and their alloys feature direct bandgaps covering a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum, making them a promising material system for various applications, such as solid state lighting, chemical/biological sensing, water splitting, medical diagnostics, and communications. In recent years, the growth of strain and defect-free group-III nitride vertical nanowires has exploded as an area of research. These nanowires, grown on various unconventional substrates, such as silicon and different metals, demonstrate potential advantages over their planar counterparts, including wavelength tunability to the near infrared and reduced efficiency droop. The low-profile and low power consumption of such nanowires also make them viable candidates for emerging applications, such as the Internet of things and artificial intelligence. Herein, we present a comprehensive review on the recent achievements made in the field of III-nitride nanowires. We compare and discuss the growth conditions and mechanisms involved in fabricating these structures via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy. How the unique optical, electrical, and thermal properties of these nanowires are correlated with their growth conditions on various unconventional substrates is discussed, along with their respective applications, including light-emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and photoelectrodes. Finally, we detail the remaining obstacles and challenges to fully exploit the potential of III-nitride nanowires for such practical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and prospects of lasers developed from colloidal semiconductor nanostructures","authors":"Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Handong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Since the first observation of stimulated emission from colloidal </span>quantum dots<span> (CQDs) in year 2000, tremendous progress has been made in developing solution-processed lasers from colloidal semiconductor nanostructures<span> in terms of both understanding the fundamental physics and improving the device performance. In this review paper, we will start with a brief introduction about the fabrication of CQDs and the corresponding electronic structures. The emphasis will be put on the discussion about the optical gain and lasing from colloidal nanostructures including the gain mechanism, the main hurdles against optical gain and lasing as well as strategies to optimize the lasing performance. Afterwards, the recent advances in CQD lasers, exemplified by the achievement of continuous wave lasing, will be presented. Finally, the challenges and a perspective of the future development of lasers based on the colloidal semiconductor nanostructures will be presented.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2392438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum coherent nanodynamics by the interplay of localized photons, electron-hole pairs, and phonons","authors":"Kiyoshi Kobayashi,&nbsp;Akira Ishikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intriguing intrinsic properties of light quanta and related topics are reviewed by emphasizing the self-consistency of light-matter interactions and open nano-systems dynamics. It is pointed out that there still remain fundamental and challenging issues related to quantization of a finite nano-system interacting with a massive (i.e., localized) photon field,as well as with a hierarchical or structured phonon field. By using theoretical frameworks developed for an infinite system, some of quantum nature of a finite nano-system are revealed, and it is theoretically shown that dynamic phonon environments and the interplay of coherent and incoherent phonons play an important role in quantum coherent dynamics of electron-hole pairs interacting with massive photon fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanolasers: Second-order intensity correlation, direct modulation and electromagnetic isolation in array architectures","authors":"Si Hui Pan ,&nbsp;Suruj S. Deka ,&nbsp;Abdelkrim El Amili ,&nbsp;Qing Gu ,&nbsp;Yeshaiahu Fainman","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Ideal integrated light emitters for optical interconnects should be compact in size, high in modulation bandwidth, efficient in energy consumption and tunable in frequency. Nanolasers are excellent candidates for such an application. In this article, we review and offer further in-depth analyses in three key aspects of recent nanolaser research, including second order intensity correlation, </span><em>g</em>^<em>2</em><em>(τ)</em><span>, characterizations, direct modulation and electromagnetic isolation in a dual nanolaser system. For coherence characterization, we review a technique exploiting not only the photon bunching peak, but also the </span><em>g</em>^<em>2</em><em>(τ)</em><span> pulse width to determine the spontaneous emission (SE), amplified SE and lasing regimes of a nanolaser with a high SE factor, </span><em>β</em>. We show that this technique is applicable for lasers with <em>β</em>′s ranging from 10⁻⁵<span><span> to unity. Additionally, we demonstrate the first direct current modulation of an electrically pumped metallo-dielectric nanolaser (MDNL) at 30 MHz. Considering the viability of nanolasers for dense integration, we then review the electromagnetic coupling between two closely spaced MDNLs and identify two practical methods to eliminate such coupling. Lastly, we review the state-of-the-art development in and offer future perspectives on three other important areas of nanolaser research ― integration with </span>silicon photonics, wide-range frequency tuning and dual nanolaser dynamics.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser ignition - Spark plug development and application in reciprocating engines","authors":"Nicolaie Pavel ,&nbsp;Mark Bärwinkel ,&nbsp;Peter Heinz ,&nbsp;Dieter Brüggemann ,&nbsp;Geoff Dearden ,&nbsp;Gabriela Croitoru ,&nbsp;Oana Valeria Grigore","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Combustion is one of the most dominant energy conversion processes used in all areas of human life, but global concerns over exhaust gas pollution and greenhouse gas emission have stimulated further development of the process. Lean combustion and exhaust gas recirculation are approaches to improve the efficiency and to reduce pollutant emissions; however, such measures impede reliable ignition when applied to conventional ignition systems. Therefore, alternative ignition systems are a focus of scientific research. Amongst others, laser induced ignition seems an attractive method to improve the combustion process.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In comparison with conventional ignition by electric spark plugs, laser ignition offers a number of potential benefits. Those most often discussed are: no quenching of the combustion flame kernel; the ability to deliver (laser) energy to any location of interest in the combustion chamber; the possibility of delivering the beam simultaneously to different positions, and the temporal control of ignition. If these advantages can be exploited in practice, the engine efficiency may be improved and reliable operation at lean air-fuel mixtures can be achieved, making feasible savings in fuel consumption and reduction in emission of exhaust gasses. Therefore, laser ignition can enable important new approaches to address global concerns about the environmental impact of continued use of reciprocating engines in vehicles and power plants, with the aim of diminishing pollutant levels in the atmosphere. The technology can also support increased use of electrification in powered transport, through its application to ignition of hybrid (electric-gas) engines, and the efficient combustion of advanced fuels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this work, we review the progress made over the last years in laser ignition research, in particular that aimed towards realizing laser sources (or laser spark plugs) with dimensions and properties suitable for operating directly on an engine. The main envisaged solutions for positioning of the laser spark plug, i.e. placing it apart from or directly on the engine, are introduced. The path taken from the first solution proposed, to build a compact laser suitable for ignition, to the practical realization of a laser spark plug is described. Results obtained by ignition of automobile test engines, with laser devices that resemble classical spark plugs, are specifically discussed. It is emphasized that technological advances have brought this method of laser ignition close to the application and installation in automobiles powered by gasoline engines. Achievements made in the laser ignition of natural gas engines are outlined, as well as the utilization of laser ignition in other applications. Scientific and technical advances have allowed realization of laser devices with multiple (up to four) beam outputs, but many other important aspects (such as integration, thermal endurance or vibration strength) are still to be solved. Rec","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3389532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and prospects of GaN-based VCSEL from near UV to green emission","authors":"Hsin-chieh Yu ,&nbsp;Zhi-wei Zheng ,&nbsp;Yang Mei ,&nbsp;Rong-bin Xu ,&nbsp;Jian-ping Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Yang ,&nbsp;Bao-ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Tien-chang Lu ,&nbsp;Hao-chung Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>GaN is a great material for making optoelectronic devices in the blue, blue-violet and green bands. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have many advantages including small footprint, circular symmetry of output beam, two-dimensional scalability and/or addressability, surface-mount packaging, good price-performance ratio, and simple optics/alignment for output coupling. In this paper, we would like to (1) Review the design and fabrication of GaN-based VCSELs including some technology challenges, (2) Discuss the design and metalorganic </span>chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of electrically pumped blue VCSELs and (3) Demonstrate world first green VCSEL using </span>quantum dots (QDs) active region to overcome the 'green gap'.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2392440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive biomedical research and diagnostics enabled by innovative compact lasers","authors":"Karina S. Litvinova ,&nbsp;Ilya E. Rafailov ,&nbsp;Andrey V. Dunaev ,&nbsp;Sergei G. Sokolovski ,&nbsp;Edik U. Rafailov","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2017.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2017.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For over half a century, laser technology has undergone a technological revolution. These technologies, particularly semiconductor lasers, are employed in a myriad of fields. Optical medical diagnostics, one of the emerging areas of laser application, are on the forefront of application around the world. Optical methods of non- or minimally invasive bio-tissue investigation offer significant advantages over alternative methods, including rapid real-time measurement, non-invasiveness and high resolution (guaranteeing the safety of a patient). These advantages demonstrate the growing success of such techniques.</p><p>In this review, we will outline the recent status of laser technology applied in the biomedical field, focusing on the various available approaches, particularly utilising compact semiconductor lasers. We will further consider the advancement and integration of several complimentary biophotonic techniques into single multimodal devices, the potential impact of such devices and their future applications. Based on our own studies, we will also cover the simultaneous collection of physiological data with the aid a multifunctional diagnostics system, concentrating on the optimisation of the new technology towards a clinical application. Such data is invaluable for developing algorithms capable of delivering consistent, reliable and meaningful diagnostic information, which can ultimately be employed for the early diagnosis of disease conditions in individuals from around the world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2017.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2392441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A guide to wireless networking by light","authors":"Harald Haas ,&nbsp;Cheng Chen ,&nbsp;Dominic O'Brien","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2017.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2017.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The lack of wireless spectrum in the radio frequency bands has led to a rapid growth in research in wireless networking using light, known as LiFi (light fidelity). In this paper an overview of the subsystems, challenges and techniques required to achieve this is presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 88-111"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2017.06.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2392350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-induced generation of singlet oxygen and its role in the cerebrovascular physiology","authors":"O.V. Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya ,&nbsp;S.G. Sokolovski ,&nbsp;A. Goltsov ,&nbsp;A.S. Gekaluyk ,&nbsp;E.I. Saranceva ,&nbsp;O.A. Bragina ,&nbsp;V.V. Tuchin ,&nbsp;E.U. Rafailov","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2017.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2017.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For over 55 years, laser technology has expanded from laboratory research to widespread fields, for example telecommunication and data storage amongst others. Recently application of lasers in biology and medicine presents itself as one of the emerging areas. In this review, we will outline the recent advances in using lasers for the generation of singlet oxygen, traditionally used to kill tumour cells or induce thrombotic stroke model due to damage vascular effects. Over the last two decade, completely new results on cerebrovascular effects of singlet oxygen generated during photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been shown alongside promising applications for delivery of drugs and nanoparticles<span><span><span> into the brain for therapy of brain cancer. Furthermore, a “gold key” has been found to overcome the limitations of PDT, such as low light penetration and high toxicity of photosensitizers, by direct generation of singlet oxygen using quantum-dot </span>laser diodes emitting in the </span>near infrared (NIR) spectral range. It is our motivation to highlight these pioneering results in this review, to improve understanding of the biological role of singlet oxygen and to provide new perspectives for improving clinical application of laser based therapy in further research.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 112-128"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2017.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2392351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}