Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics最新文献

{"title":"Binary stars in the new millennium","authors":"Xuefei Chen,&nbsp;Zhengwei Liu,&nbsp;Zhanwen Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Binary stars are as common as single stars. Binary stars are of immense importance to astrophysicists because that they allow us to determine the masses of the stars independent of their distances. They are the cornerstone of the understanding of stellar evolutionary theory and play an essential role in cosmic distance measurement, galactic evolution, nucleosynthesis and the formation of important objects such as cataclysmic variable stars, X-ray binaries, Type Ia supernovae, and gravitational wave-producing double compact objects. In this article, we review the significant theoretical and observational progresses in addressing binary stars in the new millennium. Increasing large survey projects have led to the discovery of enormous numbers of binary stars, which enables us to conduct statistical studies of binary populations, and therefore provide unprecedented insight into the stellar and binary evolution physics. Meanwhile, the rapid development of theoretical concepts and numerical approaches for binary evolution have made a substantial progress on the alleviation of some long-standing binary-related problems such as the stability of mass transfer and common envelope evolution. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to have a full understanding of fundamental problems of stellar and binary astrophysics. The upcoming massive survey projects and increasingly sophisticated computational methods will lead to future progress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104083"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146641023000649/pdfft?md5=aff98a5df6b4d91a26d359a2563e7dba&pid=1-s2.0-S0146641023000649-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71506513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gallium anomaly","authors":"S.R. Elliott ,&nbsp;V.N. Gavrin ,&nbsp;W.C. Haxton","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104082","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to test the end-to-end operations of gallium solar neutrino experiments, intense electron-capture sources were fabricated to measure the responses of the radiochemical SAGE and GALLEX/GNO detectors to known fluxes of low-energy neutrinos. Such tests were viewed at the time as a cross-check, given the many tests of &lt;sup&gt;71&lt;/sup&gt;Ge recovery and counting that had been routinely performed, with excellent results. However, the four &lt;sup&gt;51&lt;/sup&gt;Cr and &lt;sup&gt;37&lt;/sup&gt;Ar source experiments yielded rates below expectations, a result commonly known as the Ga anomaly. As the intensity of the electron-capture sources can be measured to high precision, the neutrino lines they produce are fixed by known atomic and nuclear rates, and the neutrino absorption cross section on &lt;sup&gt;71&lt;/sup&gt;Ga is tightly constrained by the lifetime of &lt;sup&gt;71&lt;/sup&gt;Ge, no simple explanation for the anomaly has been found. To check these calibration experiments, a dedicated experiment BEST was performed, utilizing a neutrino source of unprecedented intensity and a detector optimized to increase statistics while providing some information on counting rate as a function of distance from the source. The results BEST obtained are consistent with the earlier solar neutrino calibration experiments, and when combined with those measurements, yield a Ga anomaly with a significance of approximately 4&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;σ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, under conservative assumptions. But BEST found no evidence of distance dependence and thus no explicit indication of new physics. In this review we describe the extensive campaigns carried out by SAGE, GALLEX/GNO, and BEST to demonstrate the reliability and precision of their experimental procedures, including &lt;sup&gt;71&lt;/sup&gt;Ge recovery, counting, and analysis. We also describe efforts to define uncertainties in the neutrino capture cross section, which now include estimates of effects at the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≲&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;% level such as radiative corrections and weak magnetism. With the results from BEST, an anomaly remains even if one retains only the transition to the &lt;sup&gt;71&lt;/sup&gt;Ge ground state, whose strength is fixed by the known lifetime of &lt;sup&gt;71&lt;/sup&gt;Ge. We then consider the new-physics solution most commonly suggested to resolve the Ga anomaly, oscillations into a sterile fourth neutrino, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ν&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;→&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ν&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. We find such a solution generates substantial tension with several null experiments, owing to the large mixing angle required. While this does not exclude such solutions – the sterile sector might include multiple neutrinos as well as new interactions – it shows the need for more experimental constraints, if we are to make progress in resolving the Ga and other low-energy neutrino anomalies. We conclude by consider the role future low-e","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104082"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146641023000637/pdfft?md5=6095ff5f92e1bbbd29a5ca4f20f766c0&pid=1-s2.0-S0146641023000637-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71506507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QCD running couplings and effective charges","authors":"Alexandre Deur ,&nbsp;Stanley J. Brodsky ,&nbsp;Craig D. Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We discuss our present knowledge of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span><span>, the fundamental running coupling or effective charge of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). A precise understanding of the running of </span><span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> at high momentum transfer, <span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span>, is necessary for any perturbative QCD calculation. Equally important, the behavior of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> at low <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> in the nonperturbative QCD domain is critical for understanding strong interaction phenomena, including the emergence of mass and quark confinement. The behavior of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span><span> at all momentum transfers also provides a connection between perturbative and nonperturbative QCD phenomena, such as hadron spectroscopy and dynamics. We first sketch the origin of the QCD coupling, the reason why its magnitude depends on the scale at which hadronic phenomena are probed, and the resulting consequences for QCD phenomenology. We then summarize latest measurements in both the perturbative and nonperturbative domains. New theory developments include the derivation of the universal nonperturbative behavior of </span><span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span><span> from both the Dyson–Schwinger equations and light-front holography<span>. We also describe theory advances for the calculation of gluon and quark Schwinger functions in the nonperturbative domain and the relation of these quantities to </span></span><span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. We conclude by highlighting how the nonperturbative knowledge of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is now providing a parameter-free determination of hadron spectroscopy and structure, a central and long-sought goal of QCD studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104081"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71506528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dense nuclear matter equation of state from heavy-ion collisions","authors":"Agnieszka Sorensen ,&nbsp;Kshitij Agarwal ,&nbsp;Kyle W. Brown ,&nbsp;Zbigniew Chajęcki ,&nbsp;Paweł Danielewicz ,&nbsp;Christian Drischler ,&nbsp;Stefano Gandolfi ,&nbsp;Jeremy W. Holt ,&nbsp;Matthias Kaminski ,&nbsp;Che-Ming Ko ,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar ,&nbsp;Bao-An Li ,&nbsp;William G. Lynch ,&nbsp;Alan B. McIntosh ,&nbsp;William G. Newton ,&nbsp;Scott Pratt ,&nbsp;Oleh Savchuk ,&nbsp;Maria Stefaniak ,&nbsp;Ingo Tews ,&nbsp;ManYee Betty Tsang ,&nbsp;Yi Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The nuclear equation of state<span><span> (EOS) is at the center of numerous theoretical and experimental efforts in nuclear physics. With advances in microscopic theories for nuclear interactions, the availability of experiments probing nuclear matter under conditions not reached before, endeavors to develop sophisticated and reliable transport simulations to interpret these experiments, and the advent of multi-messenger astronomy, the next decade will bring new opportunities for determining the nuclear matter EOS, elucidating its dependence on density, temperature, and isospin asymmetry. Among controlled terrestrial experiments, collisions of heavy nuclei at intermediate beam energies (from a few tens of MeV/nucleon to about 25 GeV/nucleon in the fixed-target frame) probe the widest ranges of </span>baryon density and temperature, enabling studies of nuclear matter from a few tenths to about 5 times the nuclear saturation density and for temperatures from a few to well above a hundred MeV, respectively. Collisions of neutron-rich isotopes further bring the opportunity to probe effects due to the isospin asymmetry. However, capitalizing on the enormous scientific effort aimed at uncovering the dense nuclear matter EOS, both at </span></span>RHIC<span> and at FRIB as well as at other international facilities, depends on the continued development of state-of-the-art hadronic transport simulations. This white paper highlights the essential role that heavy-ion collision experiments and hadronic transport simulations play in understanding strong interactions in dense nuclear matter, with an emphasis on how these efforts can be used together with microscopic approaches and neutron star studies to uncover the nuclear EOS.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104080"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of three-nucleon potentials within the shell model: Past and present","authors":"L. Coraggio ,&nbsp;G. De Gregorio ,&nbsp;T. Fukui ,&nbsp;A. Gargano ,&nbsp;Y.Z. Ma ,&nbsp;Z.H. Cheng ,&nbsp;F.R. Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We survey the impact of nuclear three-body forces on structure properties of nuclei within the shell model. It has long been acknowledged, since the seminal works of Zuker and coworkers, that three-body forces play a fundamental role in making the monopole component of shell-model Hamiltonians, derived from realistic nucleon–nucleon potentials, able to reproduce the observed evolution of the shell structure. In the vast majority of calculations, however, their effects have been taken into account by shell-model practitioners by introducing <em>ad hoc</em><span><span> modifications of the monopole matrix elements. During last twenty years, a new theoretical approach, framed within the chiral perturbation theory, has progressed in developing nuclear potentials, where two- and many-body components are naturally and consistently built in. This new class of nuclear forces allows to carry out </span>nuclear structure<span> studies that are improving our ability to understand nuclear phenomena in a microscopic approach. We provide in this work an update on the status of the nuclear shell model based on realistic Hamiltonians that are derived from two- and three-nucleon chiral potentials, focusing on the role of the three-body component to provide the observed shell evolution and closure properties, as well as the location of driplines. To this end, we present the results of shell-model calculations and their comparison with recent experimental measurements, which enlighten the relevance of the inclusion of three-nucleon forces to master our knowledge of the physics of atomic nuclei.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104079"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135200836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic attractors in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions","authors":"Jakub Jankowski ,&nbsp;Michał Spaliński","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the many physical questions that have emerged from studies of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC concerns the validity of hydrodynamic modelling at the very early stages, when the Quark–Gluon Plasma system produced is still far from isotropy. In this article we review the idea of far-from-equilibrium hydrodynamic attractors as a way to understand how the complexity of initial states of nuclear matter is reduced so that a hydrodynamic description can be effective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104048"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1869831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-proton emission and related phenomena","authors":"M. Pfützner ,&nbsp;I. Mukha ,&nbsp;S.M. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of characteristic phenomena for nuclei beyond the proton dripline is the simultaneous emission of two protons (2<em>p</em>). The current status of our knowledge of this most recently observed and the least known decay mode is presented. First, different approaches to theoretical description of this process, ranging from effective approximations to advanced three-body models are overviewed. Then, after a brief survey of main experimental methods to produce 2<em>p</em><span><span>-emitting nuclei and techniques to study their decays, experimental findings in this research field are presented and discussed. This review covers decays of short-lived resonances and excited states of unbound nuclei as well as longer-lived, ground-state radioactive decays. In addition, more exotic decays like three- and four-proton emission are addressed. Finally, related few-body topics, like two-neutron and four-neutron </span>radioactivity, and the problem of the tetraneutron are shortly discussed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104050"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1869832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calorimetric low temperature detectors for heavy ion physics and their application in nuclear and atomic physics","authors":"Peter Egelhof ,&nbsp;Saskia Kraft-Bermuth","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104031","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The concept of a relatively new type of energy sensitive detectors, namely calorimetric low temperature detectors, which measure the temperature rise of an absorber due to the impact of an energetic particle or photon, is displayed, and its basic properties and its advantage over conventional detector schemes is discussed. Due to the low operating temperature, the impact of a microscopic particle or photon affects the properties of a macroscopic piece of matter (absorber) and therefore allows to measure the incident energy with high sensitivity and with high resolution. The present article will focus on the application of such detectors in the field of heavy ion physics, and it will be demonstrated that this type of detector bears a large potential as a powerful tool for many fields of nuclear and atomic heavy ion physics. The design and construction of calorimetric low temperature detectors for the detection of heavy ions in the energy range of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;05&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;360&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;MeV/u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, operated at temperatures around &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and of hard x-rays in the energy range of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;50&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;100&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;keV&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, operated at temperatures of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;50&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;100&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mK&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, is displayed and examples of the performance are presented. The excellent energy resolution of the order of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; for various ion species, ranging from &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;He&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;238&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;U&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and the linearity of the energy response without any indication of pulse height defects, and the obtained mass resolution down to &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;amu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; for heaviest ions like &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;238&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;U&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, which represent a considerable improvement as compared to conventional heavy ion detectors based on ionization, have already allowed for various first applications in nuclear heavy ion physics. As prominent examples, the precise determination of isotopic yield distributions of fission fragments from thermal neutron induced fission of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;238&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;U&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;239&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;241&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Pu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104031"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3452578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress in low energy neutrino scattering physics and its implications for the standard and beyond the standard model physics","authors":"Vishvas Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104078","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Neutrinos continue to provide a testing ground for the structure of the standard model of &lt;/span&gt;particle physics&lt;span&gt; as well as hints towards the physics beyond the standard model&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Neutrinos of energies spanning over several orders of magnitude, originating in many terrestrial and astrophysical processes, have been detected via various decay and interaction mechanisms. At MeV scales, there has been one elusive process, until a few years ago, known as coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) that was theoretically predicted over five decades ago but was never observed experimentally. The recent experimental observation of the CEvNS process by the COHERENT collaboration at a stopped pion neutrino source has inspired physicists across many subfields. This new way of detecting neutrinos has vital implications for nuclear &lt;/span&gt;physics, high-energy physics, astrophysics, and beyond. CEvNS, being a low-energy process, provides a natural window to study light, weakly-coupled, new physics in the neutrino sector. Leveraging orders of magnitude higher CEvNS cross section, new physics can be searched with relatively small detectors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;In this review, we intend to provide the current status of low energy neutrino scattering physics and its implications for the standard and beyond the standard model physics. We discuss low energy sources of neutrinos with a focus on neutrinos from the stopped pions. Stopped pion sources cover energies in the tens of MeVs and are almost optimal for studying CEvNS. Several worldwide experimental programs have been or are being set up to detect CEvNS and new physics signals in the near future with complementary detection technologies and physics goals. We discuss the general formalism of calculating the tree-level CEvNS cross section and the estimated theoretical uncertainties on the CEvNS cross section stemming from different sources. We also discuss the inelastic scattering of tens of MeV neutrinos that have implications for &lt;/span&gt;supernova&lt;span&gt; detection in future neutrino experiments. The stopped-pion facilities are also a near-ideal tens of MeV neutrino source to study inelastic neutrino-nucleus cross sections. We discuss how the CEvNS experiments can be used as a testing ground for the Standard Model (SM) weak physics as well as in searching for the Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics signals. Any deviation from the SM predicted event rate either with a change in the total event rate or with a change in the shape of the recoil spectrum, could indicate new contributions to the interaction cross-section. The SM implications include the study of weak nuclear form factor and weak mixing angle. The BSM studies include non-standard interactions, neutrino electromagnetic properties, and sterile neutrino searches. Stopped pion facilities are also a copious source of neutral and changed mesons that allow study of several dark sector physics scenarios such as ve","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104078"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43547721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase transition in particle physics","authors":"Gert Aarts ,&nbsp;Joerg Aichelin ,&nbsp;Chris Allton ,&nbsp;Andreas Athenodorou ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Bachtis ,&nbsp;Claudio Bonanno ,&nbsp;Nora Brambilla ,&nbsp;Elena Bratkovskaya ,&nbsp;Mattia Bruno ,&nbsp;Michele Caselle ,&nbsp;Costanza Conti ,&nbsp;Roberto Contino ,&nbsp;Leonardo Cosmai ,&nbsp;Francesca Cuteri ,&nbsp;Luigi Del Debbio ,&nbsp;Massimo D’Elia ,&nbsp;Petros Dimopoulos ,&nbsp;Francesco Di Renzo ,&nbsp;Tetyana Galatyuk ,&nbsp;Jana N. Guenther ,&nbsp;Uwe-Jens Wiese","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phase transitions in a non-perturbative regime can be studied by <em>ab initio</em><span><span><span> Lattice Field Theory methods. The status and future research directions for LFT investigations of Quantum Chromo-Dynamics under extreme conditions are reviewed, including properties of hadrons<span> and of the hypothesized QCD axion as inferred from QCD </span></span>topology in different phases. We discuss phase transitions in strong interactions in an extended parameter space, and the possibility of model building for Dark Matter and Electro-Weak </span>Symmetry Breaking. Methodological challenges are addressed as well, including new developments in Artificial Intelligence geared towards the identification of different phases and transitions.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 104070"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3463437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}