Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics最新文献

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QCD running couplings and effective charges QCD运行联轴器和有效装药
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104081
Alexandre Deur , Stanley J. Brodsky , Craig D. Roberts
{"title":"QCD running couplings and effective charges","authors":"Alexandre Deur ,&nbsp;Stanley J. Brodsky ,&nbsp;Craig D. Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We discuss our present knowledge of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span><span>, the fundamental running coupling or effective charge of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). A precise understanding of the running of </span><span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> at high momentum transfer, <span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span>, is necessary for any perturbative QCD calculation. Equally important, the behavior of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> at low <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> in the nonperturbative QCD domain is critical for understanding strong interaction phenomena, including the emergence of mass and quark confinement. The behavior of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span><span> at all momentum transfers also provides a connection between perturbative and nonperturbative QCD phenomena, such as hadron spectroscopy and dynamics. We first sketch the origin of the QCD coupling, the reason why its magnitude depends on the scale at which hadronic phenomena are probed, and the resulting consequences for QCD phenomenology. We then summarize latest measurements in both the perturbative and nonperturbative domains. New theory developments include the derivation of the universal nonperturbative behavior of </span><span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span><span> from both the Dyson–Schwinger equations and light-front holography<span>. We also describe theory advances for the calculation of gluon and quark Schwinger functions in the nonperturbative domain and the relation of these quantities to </span></span><span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. We conclude by highlighting how the nonperturbative knowledge of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is now providing a parameter-free determination of hadron spectroscopy and structure, a central and long-sought goal of QCD studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71506528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Dense nuclear matter equation of state from heavy-ion collisions 重离子碰撞下的致密核物质状态方程
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104080
Agnieszka Sorensen , Kshitij Agarwal , Kyle W. Brown , Zbigniew Chajęcki , Paweł Danielewicz , Christian Drischler , Stefano Gandolfi , Jeremy W. Holt , Matthias Kaminski , Che-Ming Ko , Rohit Kumar , Bao-An Li , William G. Lynch , Alan B. McIntosh , William G. Newton , Scott Pratt , Oleh Savchuk , Maria Stefaniak , Ingo Tews , ManYee Betty Tsang , Yi Yin
{"title":"Dense nuclear matter equation of state from heavy-ion collisions","authors":"Agnieszka Sorensen ,&nbsp;Kshitij Agarwal ,&nbsp;Kyle W. Brown ,&nbsp;Zbigniew Chajęcki ,&nbsp;Paweł Danielewicz ,&nbsp;Christian Drischler ,&nbsp;Stefano Gandolfi ,&nbsp;Jeremy W. Holt ,&nbsp;Matthias Kaminski ,&nbsp;Che-Ming Ko ,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar ,&nbsp;Bao-An Li ,&nbsp;William G. Lynch ,&nbsp;Alan B. McIntosh ,&nbsp;William G. Newton ,&nbsp;Scott Pratt ,&nbsp;Oleh Savchuk ,&nbsp;Maria Stefaniak ,&nbsp;Ingo Tews ,&nbsp;ManYee Betty Tsang ,&nbsp;Yi Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The nuclear equation of state<span><span> (EOS) is at the center of numerous theoretical and experimental efforts in nuclear physics. With advances in microscopic theories for nuclear interactions, the availability of experiments probing nuclear matter under conditions not reached before, endeavors to develop sophisticated and reliable transport simulations to interpret these experiments, and the advent of multi-messenger astronomy, the next decade will bring new opportunities for determining the nuclear matter EOS, elucidating its dependence on density, temperature, and isospin asymmetry. Among controlled terrestrial experiments, collisions of heavy nuclei at intermediate beam energies (from a few tens of MeV/nucleon to about 25 GeV/nucleon in the fixed-target frame) probe the widest ranges of </span>baryon density and temperature, enabling studies of nuclear matter from a few tenths to about 5 times the nuclear saturation density and for temperatures from a few to well above a hundred MeV, respectively. Collisions of neutron-rich isotopes further bring the opportunity to probe effects due to the isospin asymmetry. However, capitalizing on the enormous scientific effort aimed at uncovering the dense nuclear matter EOS, both at </span></span>RHIC<span> and at FRIB as well as at other international facilities, depends on the continued development of state-of-the-art hadronic transport simulations. This white paper highlights the essential role that heavy-ion collision experiments and hadronic transport simulations play in understanding strong interactions in dense nuclear matter, with an emphasis on how these efforts can be used together with microscopic approaches and neutron star studies to uncover the nuclear EOS.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
The role of three-nucleon potentials within the shell model: Past and present 三核子势在壳层模型中的作用:过去和现在
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104079
L. Coraggio , G. De Gregorio , T. Fukui , A. Gargano , Y.Z. Ma , Z.H. Cheng , F.R. Xu
{"title":"The role of three-nucleon potentials within the shell model: Past and present","authors":"L. Coraggio ,&nbsp;G. De Gregorio ,&nbsp;T. Fukui ,&nbsp;A. Gargano ,&nbsp;Y.Z. Ma ,&nbsp;Z.H. Cheng ,&nbsp;F.R. Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We survey the impact of nuclear three-body forces on structure properties of nuclei within the shell model. It has long been acknowledged, since the seminal works of Zuker and coworkers, that three-body forces play a fundamental role in making the monopole component of shell-model Hamiltonians, derived from realistic nucleon–nucleon potentials, able to reproduce the observed evolution of the shell structure. In the vast majority of calculations, however, their effects have been taken into account by shell-model practitioners by introducing <em>ad hoc</em><span><span> modifications of the monopole matrix elements. During last twenty years, a new theoretical approach, framed within the chiral perturbation theory, has progressed in developing nuclear potentials, where two- and many-body components are naturally and consistently built in. This new class of nuclear forces allows to carry out </span>nuclear structure<span> studies that are improving our ability to understand nuclear phenomena in a microscopic approach. We provide in this work an update on the status of the nuclear shell model based on realistic Hamiltonians that are derived from two- and three-nucleon chiral potentials, focusing on the role of the three-body component to provide the observed shell evolution and closure properties, as well as the location of driplines. To this end, we present the results of shell-model calculations and their comparison with recent experimental measurements, which enlighten the relevance of the inclusion of three-nucleon forces to master our knowledge of the physics of atomic nuclei.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135200836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hydrodynamic attractors in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions 超相对论性核碰撞中的流体动力学吸引子
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104048
Jakub Jankowski , Michał Spaliński
{"title":"Hydrodynamic attractors in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions","authors":"Jakub Jankowski ,&nbsp;Michał Spaliński","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the many physical questions that have emerged from studies of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC concerns the validity of hydrodynamic modelling at the very early stages, when the Quark–Gluon Plasma system produced is still far from isotropy. In this article we review the idea of far-from-equilibrium hydrodynamic attractors as a way to understand how the complexity of initial states of nuclear matter is reduced so that a hydrodynamic description can be effective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1869831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Calorimetric low temperature detectors for heavy ion physics and their application in nuclear and atomic physics 重离子物理量热低温探测器及其在核物理和原子物理中的应用
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104031
Peter Egelhof , Saskia Kraft-Bermuth
{"title":"Calorimetric low temperature detectors for heavy ion physics and their application in nuclear and atomic physics","authors":"Peter Egelhof ,&nbsp;Saskia Kraft-Bermuth","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concept of a relatively new type of energy sensitive detectors, namely calorimetric low temperature detectors, which measure the temperature rise of an absorber due to the impact of an energetic particle or photon, is displayed, and its basic properties and its advantage over conventional detector schemes is discussed. Due to the low operating temperature, the impact of a microscopic particle or photon affects the properties of a macroscopic piece of matter (absorber) and therefore allows to measure the incident energy with high sensitivity and with high resolution. The present article will focus on the application of such detectors in the field of heavy ion physics, and it will be demonstrated that this type of detector bears a large potential as a powerful tool for many fields of nuclear and atomic heavy ion physics. The design and construction of calorimetric low temperature detectors for the detection of heavy ions in the energy range of <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>05</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>360</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MeV/u</mi></mrow></math></span>, operated at temperatures around <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span>, and of hard x-rays in the energy range of <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>100</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>keV</mi></mrow></math></span>, operated at temperatures of <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>100</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>mK</mi></mrow></math></span>, is displayed and examples of the performance are presented. The excellent energy resolution of the order of <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> for various ion species, ranging from <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mi>He</mi></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>238</mn></mrow></msup><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span>, and the linearity of the energy response without any indication of pulse height defects, and the obtained mass resolution down to <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>amu</mi></mrow></math></span> for heaviest ions like <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>238</mn></mrow></msup><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span>, which represent a considerable improvement as compared to conventional heavy ion detectors based on ionization, have already allowed for various first applications in nuclear heavy ion physics. As prominent examples, the precise determination of isotopic yield distributions of fission fragments from thermal neutron induced fission of <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>238</mn></mrow></msup><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>239</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>241</mn></mrow></msup><mi>Pu</mi></mrow></math><","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3452578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Two-proton emission and related phenomena 双质子发射及其相关现象
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104050
M. Pfützner , I. Mukha , S.M. Wang
{"title":"Two-proton emission and related phenomena","authors":"M. Pfützner ,&nbsp;I. Mukha ,&nbsp;S.M. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of characteristic phenomena for nuclei beyond the proton dripline is the simultaneous emission of two protons (2<em>p</em>). The current status of our knowledge of this most recently observed and the least known decay mode is presented. First, different approaches to theoretical description of this process, ranging from effective approximations to advanced three-body models are overviewed. Then, after a brief survey of main experimental methods to produce 2<em>p</em><span><span>-emitting nuclei and techniques to study their decays, experimental findings in this research field are presented and discussed. This review covers decays of short-lived resonances and excited states of unbound nuclei as well as longer-lived, ground-state radioactive decays. In addition, more exotic decays like three- and four-proton emission are addressed. Finally, related few-body topics, like two-neutron and four-neutron </span>radioactivity, and the problem of the tetraneutron are shortly discussed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1869832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Recent progress in low energy neutrino scattering physics and its implications for the standard and beyond the standard model physics 低能中微子散射物理学的最新进展及其对标准和超越标准模型物理学的意义
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104078
Vishvas Pandey
{"title":"Recent progress in low energy neutrino scattering physics and its implications for the standard and beyond the standard model physics","authors":"Vishvas Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Neutrinos continue to provide a testing ground for the structure of the standard model of </span>particle physics<span> as well as hints towards the physics beyond the standard model<span><span>. Neutrinos of energies spanning over several orders of magnitude, originating in many terrestrial and astrophysical processes, have been detected via various decay and interaction mechanisms. At MeV scales, there has been one elusive process, until a few years ago, known as coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) that was theoretically predicted over five decades ago but was never observed experimentally. The recent experimental observation of the CEvNS process by the COHERENT collaboration at a stopped pion neutrino source has inspired physicists across many subfields. This new way of detecting neutrinos has vital implications for nuclear </span>physics, high-energy physics, astrophysics, and beyond. CEvNS, being a low-energy process, provides a natural window to study light, weakly-coupled, new physics in the neutrino sector. Leveraging orders of magnitude higher CEvNS cross section, new physics can be searched with relatively small detectors.</span></span></p><p><span>In this review, we intend to provide the current status of low energy neutrino scattering physics and its implications for the standard and beyond the standard model physics. We discuss low energy sources of neutrinos with a focus on neutrinos from the stopped pions. Stopped pion sources cover energies in the tens of MeVs and are almost optimal for studying CEvNS. Several worldwide experimental programs have been or are being set up to detect CEvNS and new physics signals in the near future with complementary detection technologies and physics goals. We discuss the general formalism of calculating the tree-level CEvNS cross section and the estimated theoretical uncertainties on the CEvNS cross section stemming from different sources. We also discuss the inelastic scattering of tens of MeV neutrinos that have implications for </span>supernova<span> detection in future neutrino experiments. The stopped-pion facilities are also a near-ideal tens of MeV neutrino source to study inelastic neutrino-nucleus cross sections. We discuss how the CEvNS experiments can be used as a testing ground for the Standard Model (SM) weak physics as well as in searching for the Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics signals. Any deviation from the SM predicted event rate either with a change in the total event rate or with a change in the shape of the recoil spectrum, could indicate new contributions to the interaction cross-section. The SM implications include the study of weak nuclear form factor and weak mixing angle. The BSM studies include non-standard interactions, neutrino electromagnetic properties, and sterile neutrino searches. Stopped pion facilities are also a copious source of neutral and changed mesons that allow study of several dark sector physics scenarios such as ve","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43547721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phase transition in particle physics 粒子物理中的相变
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104070
Gert Aarts , Joerg Aichelin , Chris Allton , Andreas Athenodorou , Dimitrios Bachtis , Claudio Bonanno , Nora Brambilla , Elena Bratkovskaya , Mattia Bruno , Michele Caselle , Costanza Conti , Roberto Contino , Leonardo Cosmai , Francesca Cuteri , Luigi Del Debbio , Massimo D’Elia , Petros Dimopoulos , Francesco Di Renzo , Tetyana Galatyuk , Jana N. Guenther , Uwe-Jens Wiese
{"title":"Phase transition in particle physics","authors":"Gert Aarts ,&nbsp;Joerg Aichelin ,&nbsp;Chris Allton ,&nbsp;Andreas Athenodorou ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Bachtis ,&nbsp;Claudio Bonanno ,&nbsp;Nora Brambilla ,&nbsp;Elena Bratkovskaya ,&nbsp;Mattia Bruno ,&nbsp;Michele Caselle ,&nbsp;Costanza Conti ,&nbsp;Roberto Contino ,&nbsp;Leonardo Cosmai ,&nbsp;Francesca Cuteri ,&nbsp;Luigi Del Debbio ,&nbsp;Massimo D’Elia ,&nbsp;Petros Dimopoulos ,&nbsp;Francesco Di Renzo ,&nbsp;Tetyana Galatyuk ,&nbsp;Jana N. Guenther ,&nbsp;Uwe-Jens Wiese","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phase transitions in a non-perturbative regime can be studied by <em>ab initio</em><span><span><span> Lattice Field Theory methods. The status and future research directions for LFT investigations of Quantum Chromo-Dynamics under extreme conditions are reviewed, including properties of hadrons<span> and of the hypothesized QCD axion as inferred from QCD </span></span>topology in different phases. We discuss phase transitions in strong interactions in an extended parameter space, and the possibility of model building for Dark Matter and Electro-Weak </span>Symmetry Breaking. Methodological challenges are addressed as well, including new developments in Artificial Intelligence geared towards the identification of different phases and transitions.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3463437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Experimental exploration of the 3D nucleon structure 三维核子结构的实验探索
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104069
Stefan Diehl
{"title":"Experimental exploration of the 3D nucleon structure","authors":"Stefan Diehl","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extensive experimental and theoretical explorations over the last decades showed that the nucleon<span><span> (proton/neutron) is not just a simple system of 3 quarks bound by gluons, but a complex system of valence and sea quarks as well as gluons (summarized as partons) which are all interacting with each other and moving relative to each other, following the rules of quantum chromo dynamics (QCD). To understand how the properties of these colored building blocks are related to the basic properties of the nucleon like its mass, its spin or its charge, a full understanding of the relevant effective degrees of freedom and of the effective interactions at large distances is required. In the classical picture of parton dynamics in high energy interactions the description is often simplified into two cases. On the one side the classical form factors, providing a 2D picture of the transverse position distribution and on the other side, the one-dimensional picture of a fast moving nucleon as a collection of co-linearly moving quarks and gluons, described in terms of the longitudinal momentum fraction in parton distribution functions. However, recent experimental and theoretical advances during the last two decades showed, that such a simple picture is not adequate for a full description, especially if transverse spin dependent observables are involved. It turned out, that the intrinsic transverse motion of </span>partons<span> and also the correlation between momentum and position information have to be considered, requiring a full 3-dimensional understanding of the nucleon structure. This review will give an overview on the main experimental data for 3D nucleon structure studies, available from lepton<span><span> and hadron scattering and its interpretation in terms of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and </span>transverse momentum<span> dependent parton distributions (TMDs). Recent global fits of both types of distribution functions based on experimental data and their physics content will be presented and discussed on the way to a full 3D imaging of the nucleon. Furthermore, an overview of current and future trends and new perspectives in the field will be provided.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2956412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “The thick gas electron multiplier and its derivatives: Physics, technologies and applications” [Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 130 (2023) 104029] “厚气电子倍增器及其衍生物:物理、技术和应用”的勘误表。部分。诊断。物理学报,130 (2023)104029]
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104042
Shikma Bressler, Luca Moleri, Abhik Jash, Andrea Tesi, Darina Zavazieva
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