Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics最新文献

{"title":"The lowest order constrained variational (LOCV) method for the many-body problems and its applications","authors":"Majid Modarres , Azar Tafrihi","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One always looks for a simplified technique and desirable formalism, to solve the Hamiltonian, and to find the wave function, energy, etc, of a many-body system. The lowest order constrained variational (<span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span>) method is designed such that, to fulfill the above requirements. The <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> formalism is based on the first two, i.e., <strong>lowest order</strong>, terms of the cluster expansion theory with the <span><math><mrow><mi>J</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>w</mi></mrow></math></span> correlation functions as its inputs. A <strong>constraint</strong> is imposed for the normalization of the total correlated two-body wave functions, which also forces the cluster expansion series to converge very rapidly. The <strong>variation</strong> of <span><math><mrow><mi>J</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>w</mi></mrow></math></span> correlation functions subjected to the above normalization constraint, leads to the sets of Euler–Lagrange equations, which generates the required correlation functions. In order to satisfy the normalization constraint exactly, one has to define the long-range behaviors, for the two-body correlation functions, i.e., the Pauli function. The primary developments of <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> formalism, and some of its applications were reviewed in this journal by Max Irvine in 1981. Since then (1981–2022), the various extensions and applications of the <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> method are reported through the several published articles (nearly 180 items), which are the subjects of this review. (i) It is shown that the <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> results can be, as good as, the various more complicated and computer time-consuming techniques, such as the Fermi <span><math><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></math></span> chain (<span><math><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>H</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>), Monte Carlo (<span><math><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>), G-matrix, etc, calculations. (ii) Moreover, the <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> method is further developed to deal with the more sophisticated interactions, such as the <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>V</mi><mn>18</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>U</mi><mi>V</mi><mn>14</mn></mrow></math></span>, etc, nucleon–nucleon potentials, using the state-dependent correlation functions, and applicable to perform the finite temperature calculations. The extended <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span>\u0000(<span><math><mrow>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104047"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1869833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision studies of QCD in the low energy domain of the EIC","authors":"V.D. Burkert ,&nbsp;L. Elouadrhiri ,&nbsp;A. Afanasev ,&nbsp;J. Arrington ,&nbsp;M. Contalbrigo ,&nbsp;W. Cosyn ,&nbsp;A. Deshpande ,&nbsp;D.I. Glazier ,&nbsp;X. Ji ,&nbsp;S. Liuti ,&nbsp;Y. Oh ,&nbsp;D. Richards ,&nbsp;T. Satogata ,&nbsp;A. Vossen ,&nbsp;H. Abdolmaleki ,&nbsp;A. Albataineh ,&nbsp;C.A. Aidala ,&nbsp;C. Alexandrou ,&nbsp;H. Avagyan ,&nbsp;A. Bacchetta ,&nbsp;J. Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This White Paper aims at highlighting the important benefits in the science reach of the EIC. High luminosity operation is generally desirable, as it enables producing and harvesting scientific results in a shorter time period. It becomes crucial for programs that would require many months or even years of operation at lower luminosity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104032"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1635561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"d∗(2380) in a chiral constituent quark model","authors":"Yubing Dong ,&nbsp;Pengnian Shen ,&nbsp;Zongye Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104045","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;After a brief review of the experimental findings of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∗&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2380&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and several theoretical efforts to interpret its structure, the study of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∗&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2380&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; on the quark–gluon degrees of freedom is presented in detail. On the basis of the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;U&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; chiral constituent quark model and Resonating Group Method, the mass, width, wave function, and partial widths of almost all possible strong decays of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∗&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2380&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; state with the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; structure are evaluated. The obtained results agree with the data quite well, which implies that &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∗&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2380&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; could be assigned as a compact hexaquark system with the hidden-color component being dominant. The electromagnetic characteristics of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∗&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, such as the charge distribution, charge radius, multipole moment, and etc. are further calculated. Because of the sensitivity of these physical quantities to different interpretations of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∗&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, they can be used as additional physical quantities to distinguish the structures of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∗&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Moreover, the production of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∗&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; from the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;γ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; reaction, from the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Υ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; decays in the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; annihilations, and from the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;̄&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; annihilation at forthcoming &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;̄&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;anda are also predicted and calculated. According to these predictions, experiments on Belle II, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;̄&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;anda, BEPC, and other lar","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104045"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1750375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chiral spin symmetry and hot/dense QCD","authors":"L.Ya. Glozman","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Above the chiral symmetry restoration crossover around <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace><mo>∼</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>155</mn></mrow></math></span> MeV a new regime arises in QCD, a stringy fluid, which is characterized by an approximate chiral spin symmetry of the thermal partition function. This symmetry is not a symmetry of the Dirac Lagrangian and is a symmetry of the electric part of the QCD Lagrangian. In this regime the medium consists of the chirally symmetric and approximately chiral spin symmetric hadrons that are made of the chirally symmetric quarks connected into the color singlet compounds by a confining chromoelectric field. This regime is evidenced by the approximate chiral spin symmetry of the spatial and temporal correlators and by the breakdown of the thermal perturbation theory at the crossover between the partonic (the quark–gluon plasma) and the stringy fluid regimes at <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>3</mn><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>. The chiral spin symmetry smoothly disappears above <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>3</mn><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> which means that the chromoelectric confining interaction gets screened. A direct evidence that the stringy fluid medium consists of densely packed hadrons is the pion spectral function that shows a distinct pion state and its first radial excitation above <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. Another direct evidence of the hadron degrees of freedom in the stringy fluid is the bottomonium spectrum with the 1S, 2S, 3S and 1P, 2P radial and orbital excitations that become broad with temperature. The hadrons between <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>3</mn><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> in the stringy fluid interact strongly which makes the stringy fluid more a liquid rather than a gas. We discuss how this chiral spin symmetric regime extends into the finite chemical potentials domain and present a qualitative sketch of the QCD phase diagram.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104049"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3451551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging technologies for cancer therapy using accelerated particles","authors":"Christian Graeff ,&nbsp;Lennart Volz ,&nbsp;Marco Durante","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Cancer therapy with accelerated charged particles is one of the most valuable biomedical applications of nuclear physics. The technology has vastly evolved in the past 50 years, the number of clinical centers is exponentially growing, and recent clinical results support the physics and </span>radiobiology rationale that particles should be less toxic and more effective than conventional X-rays for many cancer patients. Charged particles are also the most mature technology for clinical translation of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) </span>radiotherapy. However, the fraction of patients treated with accelerated particles is still very small and the therapy is only applied to a few solid cancer indications. The growth of particle therapy strongly depends on technological innovations aiming to make the therapy </span><em>cheaper, more conformal</em> and <em>faster</em>. The most promising solutions to reach these goals are superconductive magnets to build compact accelerators; gantryless beam delivery; online image-guidance and adaptive therapy with the support of machine learning algorithms; and high-intensity accelerators coupled to online imaging. Large international collaborations are needed to hasten the clinical translation of the research results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104046"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1635563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy baryons in compact stars","authors":"Armen Sedrakian ,&nbsp;Jia Jie Li ,&nbsp;Fridolin Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>We review the physics of </span>hyperons and </span><span><math><mi>Δ</mi></math></span><span><span>-resonances in dense matter in compact stars. The covariant density functional approach to the </span>equation of state and composition of dense nuclear matter in the mean-field Hartree and Hartree–Fock approximation is presented, with regimes covering cold </span><span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span><span><span>-equilibrated matter, hot and dense matter with and without neutrinos relevant for the description of supernovas<span> and binary neutron star mergers, as well as dilute expanding nuclear matter in collision experiments. We discuss the </span></span>static properties of compact stars with hyperons and </span><span><math><mi>Δ</mi></math></span><span>-resonances in light of constraints placed in recent years by the multimessenger astrophysics of compact stars on the compact stars’ masses, radii, and tidal deformabilities. The effects of kaon condensation<span> and strong magnetic fields on the composition of hypernuclear stars are also discussed. The properties of rapidly rotating compact hypernuclear stars are discussed and confronted with the observations of 2.5-2.8 solar mass<span> compact objects in gravitational wave events. We further discuss the cooling of hypernuclear stars, the neutrino emission reactions, hyperonic pairing, and the mass hierarchy in the cooling curves that arises due to the onset of hyperons. The effects of hyperons and </span></span></span><span><math><mi>Δ</mi></math></span>-resonances on the equation of state of hot nuclear matter in the dense regime, relevant for the transient astrophysical event and in the dilute regime relevant to the collider physics is discussed. The review closes with a discussion of universal relations among the integral parameters of hot and cold hypernuclear stars and their implications for the analysis of binary neutron star merger events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104041"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3451550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong-field physics in QED and QCD: From fundamentals to applications","authors":"Koichi Hattori ,&nbsp;Kazunori Itakura ,&nbsp;Sho Ozaki","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We provide a pedagogical review article on fundamentals and applications of the quantum dynamics in strong electromagnetic fields<span> in QED and QCD<span>. The fundamentals include the basic picture of the Landau quantization and the resummation techniques applied to the class of higher-order diagrams that are enhanced by large magnitudes of the external fields. We then discuss observable effects of the vacuum fluctuations in the presence of the strong fields, which consist of the interdisciplinary research field of nonlinear QED. We also discuss extensions of the Heisenberg–Euler effective theory to finite temperature/density and to non-Abelian theories with some applications. Next, we proceed to the paradigm of the dimensional reduction emerging in the low-energy dynamics in the strong magnetic fields. The mechanisms of superconductivity, the magnetic catalysis of the chiral </span></span></span>symmetry breaking<span>, and the Kondo effect are addressed from a unified point of view in terms of the renormalization-group method. We provide an up-to-date summary of the lattice QCD simulations in magnetic fields for the chiral symmetry breaking and the related topics as of the end of 2022. Finally, we discuss novel transport phenomena induced by chiral anomaly and the axial-charge dynamics. Those discussions are supported by a number of appendices.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 104068"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3406269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Photonuclear reactions—From basic research to applications” [Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 122 (2022) 1-96/103903]","authors":"A. Zilges,&nbsp;D.L. Balabanski,&nbsp;J. Isaak,&nbsp;N. Pietralla","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 104059"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3208739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure formation during phase transitions in strongly interacting matter","authors":"D.N. Voskresensky","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104030","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;A broad range of problems associated with phase transitions in systems characterized by the strong interaction between particles and with formation of structures is reviewed. A general phenomenological mean-field model is constructed describing phase transitions of the first and the second order to the homogeneous, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and inhomogeneous, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;→&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≠&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; , states, the latter may occur even in case, when the interaction is translation-invariant. Due to fluctuations, the phase transition to the state, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;→&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≠&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, becomes the transition of the first order. Various specific features of the phase transitions to the state &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;→&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≠&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; are considered such as the anisotropic spectrum of excitations, a possibility of the formation of various structures including running and standing waves, three-axis structures, the chiral waves, pasta mixed phases, etc. Next, a formal transition to hydrodynamical variables is performed. Then focus is made on description of the dynamics of the order parameter at the phase transitions to the states with &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;→&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;→&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≠&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. In case of the phase transition to the inhomogeneous state the dynamics has specific features. Next the non-ideal hydrodynamical description of the phase transitions of the liquid–gas type in nuclear systems is performed. The ordinary Ginzburg–Landau model proves to be not applicable for description of an initial inertial stage of the seeds. Surface tension, viscosity and thermal conductivity are driving forces of phase transitions. Quasi-periodic structures are developed during the transitions. Next, the specific example of the pion &lt;/span&gt;condensation phase transition to the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;→&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≠&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; state in dense, cold or warm nuclear matter is considered and then the nuclear system at high temperature and small baryon chemical potential is studied, when baryons become completely blurred and light bosons, e.g., pions, may condense either in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 104030"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3452573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy-quark diffusion in the quark–gluon plasma","authors":"Min He ,&nbsp;Hendrik van Hees ,&nbsp;Ralf Rapp","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The diffusion<span><span> of heavy quarks through the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) as produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions has long been recognized as an excellent probe of its transport properties. In addition, the experimentally observed heavy-flavor hadrons carry valuable information about the hadronization process of the transported quarks. Here we review recent progress in the theoretical developments of heavy-quark interactions in the QGP and how they relate to the nonperturbative hadronization process, and discuss the recent status of the pertinent phenomenology in heavy-ion collisions at the </span>RHIC and the LHC. The interactions of heavy quarks in the QGP also constitute a central building block in the description of the heavy quarkonia which controls their transport parameters as well. We will thus focus on theoretical approaches that aim for a unified description of open and hidden heavy-flavor particles in medium, and discuss how they can be constrained by lattice-QCD “data” and utilized to deduce fundamental properties of the microscopic interactions and emerging spectral properties of the strongly coupled QGP.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 104020"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1869834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}