Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics最新文献

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Parton distributions and lattice-QCD calculations: Toward 3D structure Parton分布和格子- qcd计算:面向三维结构
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103908
Martha Constantinou , Aurore Courtoy , Markus A. Ebert , Michael Engelhardt , Tommaso Giani , Tim Hobbs , Tie-Jiun Hou , Aleksander Kusina , Krzysztof Kutak , Jian Liang , Huey-Wen Lin , Keh-Fei Liu , Simonetta Liuti , Cédric Mezrag , Pavel Nadolsky , Emanuele R. Nocera , Fred Olness , Jian-Wei Qiu , Marco Radici , Anatoly Radyushkin , Rui Zhang
{"title":"Parton distributions and lattice-QCD calculations: Toward 3D structure","authors":"Martha Constantinou ,&nbsp;Aurore Courtoy ,&nbsp;Markus A. Ebert ,&nbsp;Michael Engelhardt ,&nbsp;Tommaso Giani ,&nbsp;Tim Hobbs ,&nbsp;Tie-Jiun Hou ,&nbsp;Aleksander Kusina ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Kutak ,&nbsp;Jian Liang ,&nbsp;Huey-Wen Lin ,&nbsp;Keh-Fei Liu ,&nbsp;Simonetta Liuti ,&nbsp;Cédric Mezrag ,&nbsp;Pavel Nadolsky ,&nbsp;Emanuele R. Nocera ,&nbsp;Fred Olness ,&nbsp;Jian-Wei Qiu ,&nbsp;Marco Radici ,&nbsp;Anatoly Radyushkin ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The strong force which binds hadrons<span> is described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Determining the character and manifestations of QCD is one of the most important and challenging outstanding issues necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the structure of hadrons. Within the context of the QCD </span></span>parton picture, the parton distribution functions (PDFs) have been remarkably successful in describing a wide variety of processes. However, these PDFs have generally been confined to the description of collinear partons within the hadron. New experiments and facilities provide the opportunity to additionally explore the transverse structure of hadrons which is described by generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMD PDFs). In our previous report Lin et al. (2018), we compared and contrasted the two main approaches used to determine the collinear PDFs: the first based on perturbative QCD factorization theorems, and the second based on lattice-QCD calculations. In the present report, we provide an update of recent progress on the collinear PDFs, and also expand the scope to encompass the generalized PDFs (GPDs and TMD PDFs). We review the current state of the various calculations, and consider what new data might be available in the near future. We also examine how a shared effort can foster dialog between the PDF and lattice-QCD communities, and yield improvements for these generalized PDFs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1802802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 112
Nuclear fragments in projectile fragmentation reactions 弹丸破碎反应中的核碎片
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103911
Chun-Wang Ma , Hui-Ling Wei , Xing-Quan Liu , Jun Su , Hua Zheng , Wei-Ping Lin , Ying-Xun Zhang
{"title":"Nuclear fragments in projectile fragmentation reactions","authors":"Chun-Wang Ma ,&nbsp;Hui-Ling Wei ,&nbsp;Xing-Quan Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Su ,&nbsp;Hua Zheng ,&nbsp;Wei-Ping Lin ,&nbsp;Ying-Xun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Theoretical prediction shows that about 9000 nuclei could be bounded, of which the properties will be hot topics in the new nuclear physics era opened by the new third generation of radioactive nuclear beam (RNB) facilities. Projectile fragmentation reactions are important to produce rare nuclei with extreme large <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Z</mi></mrow></math></span><span> asymmetry even to the drip lines. Variety of key questions in nuclear physics, for example, the nuclear Equation of State, the extreme of nuclides at drip lines, the shell evolution, etc, are hoped to be answered. A review is presented on the topic related to projectile fragmentation reactions, including the historical review of RNB facilities, the characteristics of modern RNB facilities, the particle identification techniques for searching rare isotopes in RNB experiments and benchmark projectile fragmentation reactions. Furthermore, the theory reviews for fragment production predictions are also made, which include the empirical formula, transport models, statistical models, machine learning methods, etc. Some important probes to nuclear properties have also been presented, which are the temperature/thermometer, the isoscaling, the isobaric ratio difference scaling, the neutron-skin thickness, etc.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2365090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
The Milky Way, coming into focus: Precision astrometry probes its evolution and its dark matter 银河系,成为焦点:精确的天体测量探测它的演化和暗物质
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103904
Susan Gardner , Samuel D. McDermott , Brian Yanny
{"title":"The Milky Way, coming into focus: Precision astrometry probes its evolution and its dark matter","authors":"Susan Gardner ,&nbsp;Samuel D. McDermott ,&nbsp;Brian Yanny","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing trove of precision astrometric observations from the <em>Gaia</em><span> space telescope and other surveys is revealing the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way<span> in ever more exquisite detail. We summarize the current status of our understanding of the structure and the characteristics of the Milky Way, and we review the emerging picture: the Milky Way is evolving through interactions with the massive satellite galaxies that stud its volume, with evidence pointing to a cataclysmic past. It is also woven with stellar streams, and observations of streams, satellites, and field stars offer new constraints on its dark matter, both on its spatial distribution and its fundamental nature. The recent years have brought much focus to the study of dwarf galaxies<span> found within our Galaxy’s halo and their internal matter distributions. In this review, we focus on the predictions of the cold dark matter paradigm at small mass scales through precision astrometric measurements, and we summarize the modern consensus on the extent to which small-scale probes are consistent with this paradigm. We note the discovery prospects of these studies, and also how they intertwine with probes of the dynamics and evolution of the Milky Way in various and distinct ways.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2263815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Quantum phase transitions in algebraic and collective models of nuclear structure 核结构的代数和集体模型中的量子相变
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103891
L. Fortunato
{"title":"Quantum phase transitions in algebraic and collective models of nuclear structure","authors":"L. Fortunato","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Quantum Phase Transitions arising in algebraic and collective models of nuclear structure are reviewed. The concept of quantum phases and phase transitions is described as well as those of critical point symmetries and quasi-dynamical symmetries. Algebraic and collective models are compared and the connections between them are explored. Differences between even–even and odd–even systems are discussed. Several applications of critical point symmetries are given in both the even and odd sectors. Details of the spherical to </span><span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>−</mo></mrow></math></span>unstable and spherical to axially deformed quantum shape phase transition are covered in some detail as well as other transitions and alternative approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2306564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
The proton radius (puzzle?) and its relatives 质子半径(谜题?)和它的亲戚
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103901
Clara Peset , Antonio Pineda , Oleksandr Tomalak
{"title":"The proton radius (puzzle?) and its relatives","authors":"Clara Peset ,&nbsp;Antonio Pineda ,&nbsp;Oleksandr Tomalak","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>We review determinations of the electric proton charge radius from a diverse set of low-energy observables. We explore under which conditions it can be related to Wilson coefficients of appropriate effective field theories<span>. This discussion is generalized to other low-energy constants. This provides us with a unified framework to deal with a set of low-energy constants of the proton associated with its electromagnetic interactions<span>. Unambiguous definitions of these objects are given, as well as their relation with expectation values of QCD operators. We show that the proton radius obtained from spectroscopy and lepton–proton scattering (when both the </span></span></span>lepton and proton move with nonrelativistic velocities) is related to the same object of the underlying field theory with </span><span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> precision. The model dependence of these analyses is discussed. The prospects of constructing effective field theories valid for the kinematic configuration of present, or near-future, lepton–proton scattering experiments are explored.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103901","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2263816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Gamma spectroscopy with AGATA in its first phases: New insights in nuclear excitations along the nuclear chart 伽玛光谱与AGATA在其第一阶段:新见解在核激发沿核图表
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103887
A. Bracco , G. Duchêne , Zs. Podolyák , P. Reiter
{"title":"Gamma spectroscopy with AGATA in its first phases: New insights in nuclear excitations along the nuclear chart","authors":"A. Bracco ,&nbsp;G. Duchêne ,&nbsp;Zs. Podolyák ,&nbsp;P. Reiter","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA), the new generation high-resolution <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span><span>-ray spectrometer, has seen the realization of the first phases of its construction and exploitation. A number of nuclear structure studies based on experiments utilizing the principle of </span><span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span><span><span>-ray tracking were carried out in this decade. The combination of highest detection efficiency and position sensitivity allowed very selective spectroscopic studies with stable beams and the use of instable ion beams with the lowest intensities. Nuclear-structure studies commenced already at INFN-LNL (Legnaro, Italy) with a first implementation of the array consisting of five AGATA modules. A larger array of AGATA modules was used at GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) for experiments with unstable ion beams at relativistic energies. The spectrometer was then mounted in a beam line at GANIL (Caen, France). This review discusses several of the obtained results, underlying the progress made and future perspectives. The performed experiments give insights into nuclear structure issues which are connected to single particles, collective degrees of freedom, </span>nucleon interactions and symmetries. Most of the investigated nuclei are located outside the stability line and for stable nuclei the investigations concern unexplored configurations. Altogether the obtained results represent advances which could test theory in exclusive way and motivate new theoretical developments. Opportunities for further </span><span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-ray spectroscopy with the foreseen more advanced phase of the AGATA emerge in the discussions of the presented data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103887","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3078164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Search and research of K̄NNN and K̄K̄NN antikaonic clusters K - NNN和K - K - NN反离子簇的搜索与研究
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103909
Roman Ya. Kezerashvili , Shalva M. Tsiklauri , Nurgali Zh. Takibayev
{"title":"Search and research of K̄NNN and K̄K̄NN antikaonic clusters","authors":"Roman Ya. Kezerashvili ,&nbsp;Shalva M. Tsiklauri ,&nbsp;Nurgali Zh. Takibayev","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review presents the current status of experimental searches and theoretical studies of antikaonic four-body <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> clusters. Theoretical approaches within the framework of non-relativistic potential models used for the investigation of four-body <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span><span> clusters, such as the variational, Faddeev equations, and hyperspherical harmonics are considered. The results of calculations for the binding energies and the widths obtained within these methods by employing diverse sets of nucleon–nucleon, effective </span><span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span>, and antikaon–antikaon interactions are presented, discussed, and compared with the calculations using the method of hyperspherical harmonics in momentum representation. The presented results demonstrate that the quasibound state energy of antikaonic four-body <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> clusters is not sensitive to the <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> interaction, and show a very strong dependence on the <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> potential. Despite the strong short-range repulsion due to the <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> interaction in <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math></span> and the weak <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mover><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math></span> repulsion in <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math></span>, the antikaonic clusters <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</m","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2306565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Dilepton radiation from strongly interacting systems 强相互作用系统的双轻子辐射
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103869
P. Salabura , J. Stroth
{"title":"Dilepton radiation from strongly interacting systems","authors":"P. Salabura ,&nbsp;J. Stroth","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We review the current understanding of time-like virtual photon emission from QCD matter. The phenomenology of dilepton emission is discussed and basic theoretical concepts are introduced. The experimental findings are presented, grouped into production of </span>lepton<span> pairs in elementary processes, production off cold nuclear matter and emission from heavy-ion collisions. The review emphasizes the role of dilepton emission as tool for studying exotic phases of QCD matter. Open questions and a route to probe the QCD phase diagram with dileptons are outlined.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2365094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Tetraquarks in large-Nc QCD 大nc QCD中的四夸克
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103867
Wolfgang Lucha , Dmitri Melikhov , Hagop Sazdjian
{"title":"Tetraquarks in large-Nc QCD","authors":"Wolfgang Lucha ,&nbsp;Dmitri Melikhov ,&nbsp;Hagop Sazdjian","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The generalization of the color gauge group SU(3) to SU<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span><span><span> taking arbitrarily large values, as had been proposed and developed by ’t Hooft, has allowed for a decisive progress in the understanding of many qualitative, as well as quantitative, aspects of QCD in its nonperturbative regime. In particular, the notion of valence quarks receives there a precise meaning. The present work reviews the various aspects of the extension of this approach to the case of tetraquark states, which are a category of the general class of exotic states, also called multiquark states, whose internal valence-quark structure does not match with that of ordinary </span>hadrons<span>, and which have received, in recent years, many experimental confirmations. The primary question of describing, or probing, on theoretical grounds, multiquark states is first examined. The signature of such states inside Feynman diagrams in relation with their singularities is highlighted. The main mechanisms of formation of tetraquark states, provided by the diquark model and the molecular scheme, are considered together with their specific implications. The properties of tetraquark states at large </span></span><span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span><span><span> are analyzed through the Feynman diagrams that describe two-meson scattering amplitudes. It turns out that, in that limit, the possible formation of tetraquark states is mainly due to the mutual interactions of their internal mesonic clusters. These essentially arise from the quark-rearrangement, or quark-interchange, mechanism. In coupled-channel meson–meson scattering amplitudes, one may expect the occurrence of two independent tetraquark states, each having privileged couplings with the two mesons of their dominant channel. The question of the energy balance of various schemes in the </span>static limit is also analyzed. The clarification of the mechanisms that are at work in the formation of tetraquarks is the main outcome from the large-</span><span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> approach to this problem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2365095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Linear response theory with finite-range interactions 有限范围相互作用的线性响应理论
IF 9.6 2区 物理与天体物理
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103870
D. Davesne , A. Pastore , J. Navarro
{"title":"Linear response theory with finite-range interactions","authors":"D. Davesne ,&nbsp;A. Pastore ,&nbsp;J. Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review focuses on the calculation of infinite nuclear matter response functions using phenomenological finite-range interactions, equipped or not with tensor terms. These include Gogny and Nakada families, which are commonly used in the literature. Because of the finite-range, the main technical difficulty stems from the exchange terms of the particle–hole interaction. We first present results based on the so-called Landau and Landau-like approximations of the particle–hole interaction. Then, we review two methods which in principle provide numerically exact response functions. The first one is based on a multipolar expansion of both the particle–hole interaction and the particle–hole propagator and the second one consists in a continued fraction expansion of the response function. The numerical precision can be pushed to any degree of accuracy, but it is actually shown that two or three terms suffice to get converged results. Finally, we apply the formalism to the determination of possible finite-size instabilities induced by a finite-range interaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103870","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2818900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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