Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics最新文献

{"title":"Switch maintenance endocrine therapy plus bevacizumab after bevacizumab plus paclitaxel in advanced or metastatic oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (BOOSTER): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial.","authors":"Shigehira Saji, Naruto Taira, Masahiro Kitada, Toshimi Takano, Masahiro Takada, Tohru Ohtake, Tatsuya Toyama, Yuichiro Kikawa, Yoshie Hasegawa, Tomomi Fujisawa, Masahiro Kashiwaba, Takanori Ishida, Rikiya Nakamura, Yutaka Yamamoto, Uhi Toh, Hiroji Iwata, Norikazu Masuda, Satoshi Morita, Shinji Ohno, Masakazu Toi","doi":"10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00196-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00196-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anticancer treatment regimens typically cause unpleasant side-effects. We aimed to investigate the benefit of switch maintenance endocrine therapy plus bevacizumab after fixed cycles of first-line induction chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab in patients with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BOOSTER was a prospective, open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 study done in 53 hospitals in Japan. Eligible patients were women aged 20-75 years, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1, who had not received chemotherapy for ER-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer. All patients received four to six cycles (in which 4 weeks of treatment constitute one cycle) of weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab induction therapy (weekly paclitaxel 90 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, administered intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle, plus bevacizumab 10 mg/kg administered intravenously on days 1 and 15 of each cycle; first registration). Patients with a complete response, partial response, or stable disease after induction therapy (responders) were then randomly assigned (1:1) using the randomisation enrolment form to either continue weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab or switch to maintenance endocrine therapy (an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant with or without ovarian-function suppression) plus bevacizumab. Randomisation was stratified by induction therapy period, response to induction therapy, age, history of endocrine therapy, and study site. Patients could receive weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab reinduction if they had disease progression with maintenance endocrine therapy plus bevacizumab. The primary endpoint was time to failure of strategy (TFS). Efficacy and safety analyses were done in all treated patients (full analysis set). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01989780, and registration and follow-up are closed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between Jan 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2015, we enrolled 160 patients who began weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab induction therapy. 125 (78%) patients (responders) were randomly assigned to endocrine therapy plus bevacizumab (n=62; n=61 in the full analysis set) or weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab (n=63; n=63 in the full analysis set). Among 61 patients in the switch maintenance endocrine therapy plus bevacizumab group, 32 (52%) were reinitiated on weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab. At a median follow-up of 21·3 months (IQR 13·0-28·2), TFS was significantly longer in the endocrine therapy plus bevacizumab group than in the weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab group (median 16·8 months [95% CI 12·9-19·0] vs 8·9 months [5·7-13·8]; hazard ratio 0·51 [0·34-0·75]; p=0·0006). The most common grade 3-4 non-haematological adverse events after randomisation were proteinuria (in ten [16%] of 61 patients in the end","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"20 1","pages":"636-649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75508152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status and perspectives of neutrino physics","authors":"M. Sajjad Athar ,&nbsp;Steven W. Barwick ,&nbsp;Thomas Brunner ,&nbsp;Jun Cao ,&nbsp;Mikhail Danilov ,&nbsp;Kunio Inoue ,&nbsp;Takaaki Kajita ,&nbsp;Marek Kowalski ,&nbsp;Manfred Lindner ,&nbsp;Kenneth R. Long ,&nbsp;Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille ,&nbsp;Werner Rodejohann ,&nbsp;Heidi Schellman ,&nbsp;Kate Scholberg ,&nbsp;Seon-Hee Seo ,&nbsp;Nigel J.T. Smith ,&nbsp;Walter Winter ,&nbsp;Geralyn P. Zeller ,&nbsp;Renata Zukanovich Funchal","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2022.103947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2022.103947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>This review demonstrates the unique role of the neutrino by discussing in detail the physics of and with neutrinos. We deal with neutrino sources, </span>neutrino oscillations, absolute masses, interactions, the possible existence of sterile neutrinos, and theoretical implications. In addition, synergies of </span>neutrino physics with other research fields are found, and requirements to continue successful neutrino physics in the future, in terms of technological developments and adequate infrastructures, are stressed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103947"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2306560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JUNO physics and detector","authors":"JUNO Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103927","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector in a laboratory at 700-m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial volume offer exciting opportunities for addressing many important topics in neutrino and astro-particle physics. With six years of data, the neutrino mass ordering can be determined at a 3–4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;σ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; significance and the neutrino oscillation parameters &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;sin&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;12&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;21&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;|&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;32&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;|&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; can be measured to a precision of 0.6% or better, by detecting reactor antineutrinos&lt;span&gt; from the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants. With ten years of data, neutrinos from all past core-collapse supernovae could be observed at a 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;σ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; significance; a lower limit of the proton lifetime, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;34&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;33&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; years (90% C.L.), can be set by searching for &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;→&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ν&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;̄&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;; detection of solar neutrinos would shed new light on the solar &lt;/span&gt;metallicity problem and examine the vacuum-matter transition region. A typical core-collapse supernova at a distance of 10 kpc would lead to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5000&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; inverse-beta-decay events and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2000&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (300) all-flavor neutrino–proton (electron) elastic scattering events in JUNO. Geo-neutrinos can be detected with a rate of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;400&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; events per year. Construction of the detector is very challenging. In this review, we summarize the final design of the JUNO detector and the key R&amp;D achievements, following the Conceptual Design Report in 2015 (Djurcic et al., 2015). All 20-inch PMTs have been procured and tested. The average photon detection efficiency is 28.9% for the 15,000 MCP PMTs and 28.1% for the 5000 dynode PMTs, higher than the JUNO requirement of 27%. Together with the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;20&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; m attenuation length of the liquid scintillator achieved in a 20-ton pilot purification test and the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;96&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;%&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; transparency of t","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103927"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3076686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric monopole transitions in nuclei","authors":"T. Kibédi ,&nbsp;A.B. Garnsworthy ,&nbsp;J.L. Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electric monopole, <span><math><mrow><mi>E</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> transitions in nuclei are reviewed. Values for <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>E</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>X</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>E</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>E</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> are tabulated. Particular attention is paid to a complete re-evaluation of all reported values starting from raw input data, i.e. none of the adopted values are taken from the literature without evaluation. Values for <span><math><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>J</mi></mrow></math></span> transitions for <span><math><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>, and some selected <span><math><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span> transitions are given. The <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>→</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> transitions involve evaluation of <span><math><mrow><mi>δ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> mixing ratios. These were usually assessed from values given in ENSDF. Asymmetric uncertainties and multiple sources of error are handled using up-to-date, Monte Carlo-based procedures. All conversion coefficients and electronic factors are taken from the latest tabulations. As a second major component of the review, a detailed illustration of the association of <span><math><mrow><mi>E</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> transition strengths with the manifestation of shape coexistence in nuclei is made. This demonstrates that large <span><math><mrow><mi>E</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> transition strengths are a strong indication of the presence of shape coexistence in nuclei. In many cases this is shown to be directly corroborated by <span><math><mrow><mi>B</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> data. Some details of experimental techniques behind the input data are given. The connection between <span><math><mrow><mi>E</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> transition strengths and mean-square charge radii, isotope and isomer shifts is sketched.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103930"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3076687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quarkonium in quark–gluon plasma: Open quantum system approaches re-examined","authors":"Y. Akamatsu","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Dissociation of quarkonium in quark–gluon plasma (QGP) is a long standing topic in relativistic heavy-ion collisions because it has been believed to signal one of the fundamental natures of the QGP — Debye screening due to the liberation of color degrees of freedom. Among recent new theoretical developments is the application of open quantum system framework to quarkonium in the QGP. Open system approach enables us to describe how dynamical as well as </span>static properties of QGP influences the time evolution of quarkonium in a coherent way.</p><p><span>Currently, there are several master equations for quarkonium corresponding to various scale assumptions, each derived in different theoretical frameworks. In this review, all of the existing master equations are systematically rederived as Lindblad equations in a unified framework. Also, as one of the most relevant descriptions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, quantum Brownian motion of heavy quark pair in the QGP is studied in detail. The quantum Brownian motion is parametrized by a few fundamental quantities of QGP such as real and imaginary parts of heavy quark potential (complex potential), heavy quark momentum diffusion constant, and thermal dipole self-energy constant, which constitute in-medium self-energy of a static quarkonium. This indicates that the yields of quarkonia such as </span><span><math><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mi>Υ</mi></math></span> in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions have the potential to determine these fundamental quantities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103932"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2263814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling relativistic heavy-ion collisions with dynamical transport approaches","authors":"Marcus Bleicher ,&nbsp;Elena Bratkovskaya","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>We discuss the basic ideas of relativistic transport models used for the interpretation and description of experimental data from heavy-ion collisions at high collision energies. We highlight selected results from microscopic simulations of these reactions with a main focus on the UrQMD and </span>PHSD<span> approaches. We also address the results of macroscopic approaches like hydrodynamics or coarse-grained dynamics used in different model combinations in comparison to experimental data. We address the results of such simulations for the description of QCD matter close to equilibrium in terms of transport coefficients like shear </span></span><span><math><mi>η</mi></math></span> and bulk viscosity <span><math><mi>ζ</mi></math></span><span> and discuss the connection of the radial flow<span> to the equation of state and the transport properties. Then we turn to dileptons and photons as messengers from the hot and dense region before coming to the exploration of the decoupling stage. Generally, we find that microscopic simulations provide a good description of a large variety of observables over many orders of collision energies.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103920"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2306563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for quarkonium studies at the high-luminosity LHC","authors":"Émilien Chapon ,&nbsp;David d’Enterria ,&nbsp;Bertrand Ducloué ,&nbsp;Miguel G. Echevarria ,&nbsp;Pol-Bernard Gossiaux ,&nbsp;Vato Kartvelishvili ,&nbsp;Tomas Kasemets ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Lansberg ,&nbsp;Ronan McNulty ,&nbsp;Darren D. Price ,&nbsp;Hua-Sheng Shao ,&nbsp;Charlotte Van Hulse ,&nbsp;Michael Winn ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Adam ,&nbsp;Liupan An ,&nbsp;Denys Yen Arrebato Villar ,&nbsp;Shohini Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Francesco G. Celiberto ,&nbsp;Cvetan Cheshkov ,&nbsp;Umberto D’Alesio ,&nbsp;Yanxi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Prospects for quarkonium-production studies accessible during the upcoming high-luminosity phases of the CERN Large Hadron<span> Collider operation after 2021 are reviewed. Current experimental and theoretical open issues in the field are assessed together with the potential for future studies in quarkonium-related physics. This will be possible through the exploitation of the huge data samples to be collected in proton–proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions, both in the collider and fixed-target modes. Such investigations include, among others, those of: (i) </span></span><span><math><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mi>Υ</mi></math></span> produced in association with other hard particles; (ii) <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></math></span><span><span><span> down to small transverse momenta; (iii) the constraints brought in by quarkonia on </span>gluon </span>PDFs, nuclear PDFs, TMDs, GPDs and GTMDs, as well as on the low-</span><span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span> parton dynamics; (iv) the gluon Sivers effect in polarised-nucleon collisions; (v) the properties of the quark–gluon plasma produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and of collective partonic effects in general; and (vi) double and triple parton scatterings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103906"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3076688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Collider searches for long-lived particles beyond the standard model” [Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 106 (2019) 210–255]","authors":"Lawrence Lee ,&nbsp;Christian Ohm ,&nbsp;Abner Soffer ,&nbsp;Tien-Tien Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We correct two typos in Eqs. 10 and 14 of our review.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103912"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2306562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the origin of matter in the Universe","authors":"Pasquale Di Bari","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The understanding of the physical processes that lead to the origin of matter in the early Universe, creating both an excess of matter over anti-matter and a dark matter abundance that survived until the present, is one of the most fascinating challenges in modern science. The problem cannot be addressed within our current description of fundamental physics and, therefore, it currently provides a very strong evidence of new physics. Solutions can either reside in a modification of the standard model of elementary particle physics or in a modification of the way we describe gravity, based on general relativity, or at the interface of both. We will mainly discuss the first class of solutions. Traditionally, models that separately explain either the matter–antimatter asymmetry of the Universe or dark matter have been proposed. However, in the last years there has also been an accreted interest and intense activity on scenarios able to provide a unified picture of the origin of matter in the early universe. In this review we discuss some of the main ideas emphasising primarily those models that have more chances to be experimentally tested during next years. Moreover, after a general discussion, we will focus on extensions of the standard model that can also address neutrino masses and mixing. Since this is currently the only evidence of physics beyond the standard model coming directly from particle physics experiments, it is then reasonable that such extensions might also provide a solution to the problem of the origin of matter in the universe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103913"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1802800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CUORE opens the door to tonne-scale cryogenics experiments","authors":"D.Q. Adams ,&nbsp;C. Alduino ,&nbsp;F. Alessandria ,&nbsp;K. Alfonso ,&nbsp;E. Andreotti ,&nbsp;F.T. Avignone III ,&nbsp;O. Azzolini ,&nbsp;M. Balata ,&nbsp;I. Bandac ,&nbsp;T.I. Banks ,&nbsp;G. Bari ,&nbsp;M. Barucci ,&nbsp;J.W. Beeman ,&nbsp;F. Bellini ,&nbsp;G. Benato ,&nbsp;M. Beretta ,&nbsp;A. Bersani ,&nbsp;D. Biare ,&nbsp;M. Biassoni ,&nbsp;F. Bragazzi ,&nbsp;S. Zucchelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The past few decades have seen major developments in the design and operation of cryogenic particle detectors. This technology offers an extremely good energy resolution – comparable to semiconductor detectors – and a wide choice of target materials, making low temperature calorimetric detectors ideal for a variety of particle physics<span> applications. Rare event searches have continued to require ever greater exposures, which has driven them to ever larger cryogenic detectors, with the CUORE experiment being the first to reach a tonne-scale, mK-cooled, experimental mass. CUORE, designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay, has been operational since 2017 at a temperature of about 10 mK. This result has been attained by the use of an unprecedentedly large cryogenic infrastructure called the CUORE cryostat: conceived, designed and commissioned for this purpose.</span></p><p>In this article the main characteristics and features of the cryogenic facility developed for the CUORE experiment are highlighted. A brief introduction of the evolution of the field and of the past cryogenic facilities are given. The motivation behind the design and development of the CUORE cryogenic facility is detailed as are the steps taken toward realization, commissioning, and operation of the CUORE cryostat. The major challenges overcome by the collaboration and the solutions implemented throughout the building of the cryogenic facility will be discussed along with the potential improvements for future facilities.</p><p>The success of CUORE has opened the door to a new generation of large-scale cryogenic facilities in numerous fields of science. Broader implications of the incredible feat achieved by the CUORE collaboration on the future cryogenic facilities in various fields ranging from neutrino and dark matter experiments to quantum computing will be examined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103902"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1802799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}