St. Tikhons' University Review最新文献

{"title":"Philosophy of religion F. Schleiermacher in the works of representatives of the theological academies of the late 19th — early 20th century: the concept of religious experience","authors":"Nadezhda Koreneva","doi":"10.15382/sturi2023105.69-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturi2023105.69-82","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of religious feeling in the beginning XX century Russian thinkers dealing with the philosophy of religion are increasingly becoming the focus of attention, but the meaning of this concept is often not explicated, which makes it necessary to study the sources of this concept, one of which (the most important) are the works of F. Schleiermacher. This article is devoted to the analysis of the perception of his concept of religious feeling in theological academies: spiritual and academic periodicals, individual works on the philosophy of religion and textbooks of basic theology (apologetics) are considered. Basically, Schleirmacher's ideas are criticized, there are several ways to understand the \"religious feeling\": a number of authors adhere to the position of G.V.F. Hegel, feeling is considered by them as something secondary to reason and will (V.D. Kudryavtsev-Platonov, Proto. T. Butkevich); the concept of religious feeling can also be understood in a negative way as the aestheticization of religion (N.M. Bogolyubov, D.S. Leonardov, etc.), but most often the concept of religious feeling by Schleiermacher is understood as psychologism, as the subjectivization of religion, excluding the concept of revelation (S.A. Ornatsky, F. Aleksinsky, etc.). Finally, representatives of theological academies, whose works were written already at the beginning of the XX century, share the point of view of V. Dilthey, giving a fundamentally new interpretation of the concept of religious feeling as a pre-rational unity of consciousness (S.S. Glagolev). Finally, the author of the article concludes about the philosophical productivity of the considered interpretations of the concept of \"religious feeling\", and also briefly characterizes its significance for the Russian philosophy of the period in question as a whole.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124354933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ordinary Soviet fool for God: the case of Fyodor Derekh","authors":"E. Vorontsova, A. Allenov","doi":"10.15382/sturi2023105.101-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturi2023105.101-116","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the case of veneration of the holy fool Fyodor Derekh. It is important to note that the considered figure of a resident of one of the villages of the Sosnovsky district of the Tambov region was not unique. For the local population in the post-war Soviet period, interaction with holy fools was part of ordinary religious life: they were turned to for advice or prophecy, they were given alms or allowed to live for a while. The description of the veneration of such \"ordinary holy fools\" allows us to expand our understanding of both the forms of folk Orthodoxy in the Soviet period and the phenomenon of foolishness in the 20th century.The article deals with the case of veneration of the holy fool Fyodor Derekh. It is important to note that the considered figure of a resident of one of the villages of the Sosnovsky district of the Tambov region was not unique. For the local population in the post-war Soviet period, interaction with holy fools was part of ordinary religious life: they were turned to for advice or prophecy, they were given alms or allowed to live for a while. The description of the veneration of such \"ordinary holy fools\" allows us to expand our understanding of both the forms of folk Orthodoxy in the Soviet period and the phenomenon of foolishness in the 20th century.The article deals with the case of veneration of the holy fool Fyodor Derekh. It is important to note that the considered figure of a resident of one of the villages of the Sosnovsky district of the Tambov region was not unique. For the local population in the post-war Soviet period, interaction with holy fools was part of ordinary religious life: they were turned to for advice or prophecy, they were given alms or allowed to live for a while. The description of the veneration of such \"ordinary holy fools\" allows us to expand our understanding of both the forms of folk Orthodoxy in the Soviet period and the phenomenon of foolishness in the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134157508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nobility of Kazan province of the 2nd half of the 18th century: ranks’ makeup and the number of serfs owned","authors":"A. Feofanov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023110.59-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023110.59-71","url":null,"abstract":"The study is based on the materials preserved in the Fund 1355 (Economic Notes to the plans of the General Land Survey of the Russian Empire) of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). These economic notes, compiled at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries, indicate the rank of landowner, and the number of souls according to the 5th revision. Service records (form lists) from the Fund 1349 of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), years 1798-1802, had been used for the description of Kazan bureaucracy. At the end of the XVIII century, according to the 5th revision in the Kazan province, there were 1010 landowners, of which 465 were women. Most of the landowners were retired, this shows that the nobles actively used their right not to serve, granted to them by the Manifesto of 1762. Of those who served, a little more than half were in the state service, or served in garrisons, which they entered after active military (army or guards) service. Most of them retired in officer ranks. No more than 7.5 percent of nobles had general ranks of 1-5 classes. More than 20 percent of Kazan nobles owned at least a hundred souls, large landowners owning more than 500 souls compiled 5 percent. Many landowners (more than 19 percent) owned estates in other regions of the Russian Empire, most of all such estates were in the Nizhny Novgorod province. There were about 3 percent of titled nobles. The number of Kazan nobles educated at the Kazan gymnasium varies from 6 percent (in 1781) to 4 percent at the end of the 18th century. Moreover, this number of students of the Kazan gymnasium exceeds the total number of pupils of other educational institutions (primarily cadet corps). Median numbers show that nobles entered the service on average at the age of 14 (most - from 12 to 16), and received the first class rank at 21, more than half - from 18 to 24 years old. The vast majority of nobles entered military service, and then retired; a small part continued to serve in the civil service.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122839096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“In the centre and in the regions”. Features of the campaign to confiscate Church valuables, and the organisation of a schism in Turkestan diocese (1922–1923)","authors":"Ekaterina Ozmitel","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023110.101-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023110.101-124","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the first period of the Soviet government's systematic struggle with the Russian Orthodox Church using the example of the Turkestan and Tashkent dioceses. It was an organized, tightly centralized campaign that began under the pretext of the need to withdraw all church valuables to help the hungry. The real goal of the campaign was to solve the financial problems of the Soviet state by defeating the Church (confiscation of valuables and organization of the Renovationist schism). In 1922, there were extremely few valuable items in the churches of the Turkestan ASSR, nevertheless, in the summer, with a delay of several months, the expropriation of church values was carried out here. The details of the withdrawal procedure are shown on the example of the churches of Alma-Ata, Tashkent and rural temples. The second goal of the withdrawal campaign – the elimination of the canonical system of church administration and its replacement with renovationist structures – in the Turkestan diocese was achieved by mid-1923. The specifics of achieving this goal were clarified by comparing the local church chronicle with the central plan of the campaign. Thanks to this, it became possible for the first time to explain the logic of the events that took place in the Tashkent in late 1922 – early 1923, and to explain the reasons for the sudden refusal of Archbishop Innokenty (Pustynsky) from the administration of the Turkestan diocese and his departure from Tashkent.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127145456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two dates from Vladimir Golenishchev’s biography","authors":"I. Ladynin","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023110.125-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023110.125-135","url":null,"abstract":"The article is intended to refine the dates of two important episodes in the biography of the outstanding Russian Egyptologist Vladimir Golenishchev (1856-1947), the collector of antiquities that laid the cornerstone for the Egyptian department of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow. Russian Egyptologists were sure that Golenishchev acquired the first object of his collection at the age of 14; this came to be known from the Soviet Egyptologist and Orientalist Vassiliy Struve, who had once heard it from Golenishchev himself. However, the file-cabinet of Golenishchev’s collection preserves a card for the ushebti of Qeref-en-Ptah bearing a mark that this was the first object that Golenishchev possessed given to him by the ambassador of Greece at St. Petersburg Dimitrios Buduris. As the diplomat started his mission at St. Petersburg in August 1871, he could not make this present before Golenishchev was at least 15 years old. There is also an uncertainty about the time of Golenishchev’s purchasing three important papyri: The Travel of Wenamun to Byblos, the Golenishchev Onomasticon and a literary letter (Pushkin Museum 1,1b 127). Golenishchev dated this purchase to the autumn of 1891 in his publications of 1897 and 1899, but the unpublished account of his travel to Egypt in 1890-1891 (now at the Archives of Vladimir Golenishchev at Paris) makes it perfectly clear that this took place in November and December of 1890. Symptomatically both false dates go back to Golenishchev’s statements. While the former one could be due to a real failure of memory or to the desire to bring the start of his collection closer to his childhood, the latter can be explained by an urge to disguise somehow the circumstances of his purchase by falsifying its date.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114479232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural and educational work of diocesan departments of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian society in remote regions of the Russian Empire in the late 19th — early 20th centuries","authors":"V. Tsys, O. Tsys","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023110.72-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023110.72-89","url":null,"abstract":"The article characterizes the cultural and educational work of the diocesan departments of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IOPS) on the national outskirts of the Russian Empire in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. It is noted that the main form of this work was the organization and holding of Palestinian readings aimed at popularizing knowledge about the Holy Land, the Russian pilgrimage, the activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society in the Middle East, as well as publishing literature on relevant topics in national languages. Its deployment dates back to the mid-1890s. and continued until 1917. The western provinces of the Russian Empire were a field of collision and interaction between two civilizations - Catholic (Polish-Lithuanian) and Orthodox (East Slavic). In their confrontation, a local national identity (Belarusian, Ukrainian) was formed, and the work of the IOPS can be considered as one of the tools for involving the local population in solving problems common to the Orthodox world, with the help of which they realized their organic connection with the “Russian world”. The high activity of diocesan departments on the territory of Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova, the popularity of Palestinian readings are revealed. It is concluded that there is no national specificity in the organization and conduct of Palestinian readings by the \"Ukrainian\" and \"Belarusian\" diocesan departments of the IOPS. Where the Russian population was in an absolute minority (Poland, Georgia), the activities of the IOPS were aimed at representatives of the diaspora and almost did not affect local residents. In such regions as the Volga region, Siberia, the European North, northwestern Kazakhstan, the activity of the IOPS was linked with missionary work. It is indicated that the diocesan departments of the IOPS have contributed to the Christian enlightenment of the \"foreign\" population recently converted to Orthodoxy, to the fight against pagan remnants, various superstitions and prejudices. The expansion of the scale of pilgrimage to the Holy Land was noted as one of the consequences of the cultural and educational work of the IOPS.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127687326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Auctoritas\" and \"potestas\" as a metaphor for the bishop’s role models in the canons of the Councils of Toledo of the 7th century","authors":"Mikhail Birkin","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022109.26-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022109.26-51","url":null,"abstract":"The article is concerned with the key medieval opposition between auctoritas and potestas. It is explored in connection with the figure of the bishop as mainly exemplified in the canons of the Councils of Toledo. Since these words were not attributed to secular or ecclesiastical authority alone, a brief overview of the word usage is first given. Firstly, it made possible to specify the interaction between royal power and the Church, for which secular power was understood as alien. Secondly, examples of the non-technical use of the terms auctoritas and potestas in relation to the bishop have been detected. These cases are then examined. The author briefly retraces the continuity of the Roman notion of auctoritas in relation to the authority of the bishop (mature age, experience, eloquence, euergetism, reputation based among others on such right qualities as grauitas, prudentia, probitas etc.). As in Roman period, the auctoritas of the bishop means above all his power of persuasion, therefore his main management tools were preaching and admonition (sacerdotalis admonitio). The subordinates were supposed to take the path of correction by their will (uoluntas propria). If the bishop lacked authority, he could resort to various types of punishment (animaduersio sacerdotalis). Animaduersio sacerdotalis was linked to the potestas concept. The author suggests that the words auctoritas and potestas could be used as metaphors for describing the bishop's role models. If potestas model, relatable to the sphere of the secular, prevailed, this could cause destruction of the community as a sacralized small community where relationships were to be based on consensus reached non-violently. These observations help to clarify the widespread statement that since the fifth century auctoritas was supposedly connected only with spiritual power and potestas with secular power.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132459770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“I would like you to be my associate in the sphere of education...”: letters of archbishop Nikolai (Ziorov) to N. A. Ilyinsky","authors":"F. Shirokov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022109.143-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022109.143-168","url":null,"abstract":"This publication introduces into the scientific circulation the letters of one of the famous Russian Orthodox Church hierarchs of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a member of the State Council, a famous theological writer Archbishop Nikolai (Ziorov), which relate to the early period of the hierarch’s biography, associated with his service at the theological and educational department. The letters were addressed to Nikifor Alexandrovich Ilyinsky, an Assistant Inspector at the Vologda Theological Seminary. In his letters Archbishop Nikolay dealt with various topics, but to a greater extent he considered the problems of theological schools, thus, the letters are the most valuable source on the history of theological education at the Synodal period. The letters also noted the destinies of those individuals whose life path was connected with the Vologda Diocese and the Vologda Theological Seminary. The particular interest is the characterization of the control and auditing activities held by the Educational Committee under the Holy Synod, as well as individual auditors and events which took place in theological schools at the considered period. The purpose of the publication of the letters is to show the view of one of the hierarchs of the Russian Church of the early twentieth century on the problems and controversial issues of the inner life of theological schools. The published letters can be found in N. A. Ilyinsky’s diary, which is stored in the State Archive of the Vologda Region.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128858916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociocultural portrait of professors and lecturers of russian universities and spiritual academies who participated in the Local Council of the Orthodox Church of Russia, 1917–1918","authors":"Olga Iliukhina","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022109.84-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022109.84-105","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the compilation of a socio-cultural portrait of professors and lecturers of Russian Universities and Theological Academies – participants of the 1917-1918 Local Council of the Orthodox Church of Russia. The author analyzes the composition of the Pre-Council Commission of 1906, the Pre-Council Commission of 1917 and draws attention to the increasing role of professors in the preparation of Church reform. The professors invited to work on the project of the future Council found a new meaning for their activities, another opportunity to serve the Church. Leading experts in various fields of theological, historical sciences, and law were those who contributed to the discussions of public associations, church-state forums a high scientific level of argumentation and the construction of concepts of Church development. 46 professors and lecturers of Russian Universities and Theological Academies took part in the work of the Council in 1917. In the article, the author analyzes the social composition of the group, education, academic statuses. The author concludes that despite the differences, scholars nevertheless had a lot in common. Origin (36 out of 46 people were born in families belonging to the clergy) and education (35 out of 46 people studied in theological academies) made this group a single scientific community with similar values and ideas. This explains the absence of major conflicts between professors and lecturers of Universities and Theological Academies. The work on the preparation of the Church reform, the non-institutional position in relation to the Church organization made it possible for them to acquire a new corporate identity: at the Council of 1917, scientists felt themselves to be the “Church elite”, which can and should maintain the core of the new ecclesiology – conciliarity (sobornost’).","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121418565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of Russian Church diaspora in Finland, with the story of Valaam monastery in the interwar period as an example","authors":"T. Shevchenko","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022109.119-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022109.119-139","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the period of the history of the Transfiguration of the Valaam Monastery of 1918 - 1939, before the evacuation to Heyniavesi. The famous Russian monastery, which belonged to the Diocese of Finland and Vyborg of the Orthodox Russian Church, had to adapt to life in independent Finland. The conditions of the monastery existence had changed significantly after the declaration of independence of this country and the change of the state system in Russia. In 1918, the Finnish government awarded the diocese the status of the second state church of the national minority. Despite the difficulties of socio-political, economic and jurisdictional nature, active finnization, which included the imposed calendar reform, the monastery became a symbol of steadfastness, evidence of the greatness of Russian culture and loyalty to Orthodoxy for Russian emigration around the world. The monastery leadership managed to find a common language with the church and secular authorities of Finland, the monastery won the respect and love of ordinary Finlanders. It can be said that the monastery has found its place in a new Western society. However, the author believes that it is possible to assert about the \"prosperity\" or \"flourishing\" of the Valaam Monastery at that time only conditionally, in comparison with the sad fate of monasteries in the USSR. She recalls the contradictory events in the story of the Valaam Monastery in the period, which influenced the fate of its inhabitants and the monastery itself, contributed to the reduction in the number of the brotherhood and the appearance of a \"split\" in it, and proves that visible well-being was the attribute of an artificially created image, although it had a positive meaning.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123154156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}