Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Prophylactic Topical Administration of Antibiotics in Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery in the Era of Intracameral Antibiotics.","authors":"Jan Rambousek, Zbyněk Straňák, Pavel Němec, Hynek Bartoš, Pavel Studený","doi":"10.31348/2026/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2026/7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong> Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures in human medicine. Although the risk of postoperative inflammatory complications is low, their consequences can be devastating. The current global standard for preventing such complications is intracameral administration of antibiotics, while the role of prophylactic topical antibiotics in uncomplicated cases remains controversial.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong> The aim of this paper is to evaluate the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of topical antibiotic prophylaxis in uncomplicated cataract surgery in the era of routine intracameral antibiotic use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> The authors conducted a review of the recent literature and major clinical studies (ESCRS, Kaiser Permanente, Cochrane), comparing the incidence of endophthalmitis with the use of intracameral antibiotics alone versus in combination with postoperative topical antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Intracameral antibiotic administration significantly reduces the risk of endophthalmitis (up to 4.9-fold reduction according to the ESCRS study). There is no evidence that subsequent use of topical antibiotic drops further reduces the risk of infection in uncomplicated cases. Moreover, repeated topical antibiotic use increases the risk of patients developing antibiotic resistance and poses a significant financial and logistical burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> In uncomplicated cataract surgery, postoperative topical antibiotics are not indicated when intracameral prophylaxis is applied. Their use should be reserved for high-risk cases only (e.g. following complicated surgery, in immunocompromised patients, or in the presence of chronic blepharitis).</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"82 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-year Outcomes of Combined Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy and Cataract Extraction in Ocular Hypertension and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.","authors":"Gustavo Espinoza, María Fernanda Acuña Vesga, Sergio Serrano-Gómez, Sylvia Juliana Villamizar, Fernando Del Real, Laura María Duarte-Bueno","doi":"10.31348/2026/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2026/13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong> To evaluate the 24-month data on efficacy and safety of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT), combined with cataract extraction (CE) in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong> A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients undergoing GATT combined with CE from November 2018 to November 2021. The primary outcome was surgical success, defined as a composite endpoint: ≥ 20% intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction AND/OR ≥ 1 medication reduction, without further IOP-lowering procedures, and IOP maintained between 5 and 21 mmHg. Secondary outcomes included: IOP, number of glaucoma medications (NGM), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), complications, and failure-associated factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> A statistically significant reduction in mean IOP (from 18.6 ±3.8 mmHg preoperatively to 15.6 ±3.3 mmHg at 24 months) and NGM (from 2.1 ±1.3 medications to 0.8 ±1.2 medications) was observed (P.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"82 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior Chamber Cholesterolosis in a 1-Year-Old Patient with Coats' Disease. A Case Report.","authors":"Tereza Slaninová, Rudolf Autrata, Martin Komínek, Inka Krejčířová","doi":"10.31348/2026/16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2026/16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong> To present a rare case of anterior chamber cholesterolosis in a patient with Coats' disease with emphasis on the differential diagnosis, to compare the clinical findings and therapeutic approach with previously reported cases; and to clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms and associated complications of anterior chamber cholesterolosis, based on an analogy with previously published cases.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong> A 14-month-old boy was brought to our clinic with a painful, irritated right eye. Anterior chamber cholesterolosis was identified, associated with acute glaucoma, total retinal detachment, and vitreous hyperechogenicity with suspected calcifications on ultrasound (US). Coats' disease with anterior chamber cholesterolosis or retinoblastoma-associated masquerade syndrome were considered in the differential diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not confirm retinoblastoma. The patient underwent anterior chamber lavage, followed by intracameral and intravitreal injection of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent. A cytological analysis of the anterior chamber aspirate showed no evidence of malignant cells. Although the treatment achieved the expected effect, the eye gradually progressed to phthisis bulbi. Nevertheless, the eye has remained painless, it has shown no signs of irritation and the intraocular condition has remained stable over the long term.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Anterior chamber cholesterolosis is a rare complication of Coats' disease, reported in less than 3% of patients. Exclusion of retinoblastoma-associated masquerade syndrome is essential in the differential diagnosis. In comparison with previously published cases of anterior chamber cholesterolosis as a complicating factor in Coats' disease, we have observed a similar character and course of the disease in patients with onset in early childhood. However, a difference can be observed in the therapeutic approach. In all the previously reported cases, the painful eye was enucleated. In our case, preserving the blind eye through a more conservative surgical approach proved beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"82 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best Practices for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Therapy.","authors":"Pavel Němec, Daniela Vysloužilová, Libor Hejsek, Jan Němčanský, Jan Studnička","doi":"10.31348/2026/2","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2026/2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of severe loss of sight in developed countries. Diagnostic procedures have developed dramatically in recent years, and modern imaging methods have contributed to improved options for population screening, targeted diagnostics, and monitoring of the treatment process. At the same time, new treatment options have also been developing rapidly. The recommended procedures summarize the current knowledge with the aim of unifying procedures for the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"82 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subretinal Triamcinolone Acetonide and Transpupillary Thermotherapy in Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma. A Case Report.","authors":"Mykola Umanets, Taras Kustryn, Nataliya Pasyechnikova","doi":"10.31348/2025/29","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2025/29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the potential use of a combination of subretinal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection with transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) in the treatment of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) with exudative retinal detachment.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>The clinical case of a 27-year-old patient demonstrates the treatment of CCH with exudative retinal detachment. We used a combination of subretinal injection of 4 mg preservative-free TA with the simultaneous partial aspiration of subretinal fluid in the first stage. After one week, when the retina was fully attached, TTT of CCH was used in the second stage. At Month 12, visual acuity in the left eye increased from light perception with projection to 20/400. Ultrasonography did not reveal any signs of choroidal masses or retinal detachment. During the follow-up period, 3 sessions of TTT were performed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A combination of subretinal TA injection with TTT can be an alternative treatment for CCH with exudative retinal detachment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"107-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punctate Inner Pachychoroidopathy Associated with Choroidal Neovascularization. A Case Report.","authors":"Antonia Maria Orrego-Vélez, Karol Quintero-Lizcano, Sara Turizo, Mauricio Arango","doi":"10.31348/2025/27","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2025/27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To report a case of punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) with pachychoroid disease features and active choroidal neovascular membrane.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Case report Results: A 33-year-old female patient with a history of myopic neovascular membrane in the right eye (OD), who had received multiple doses of intravitreal Aflibercept, consulted our retina service. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in OD. Fundus examination revealed small, well-defined, yellow-gray spots with subretinal fluid limited to the posterior pole. Optical coherence tomography scans from the OD showed subretinal fluid and a hyperreflective material between the epithelium/Bruch membrane (RPE/ BrM) complex, associated with loss of normal choroidal architecture and focal conformational choroidal excavation. There was also diffuse choroidal thickening in the macula, with pachyvessels compressing the inner choroid. Fundus autofluorescence showed active PIC lesions. With these findings, the diagnosis of punctate inner pachychoroidopathy associated with active choroidal neovascular membrane was made and Aflibercept therapy was restarted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A subset of patients with PIC exhibits features associated with pachychoroid disease. This subtype of PIC is determined by unique demographics, multimodal image findings, and complications that differ from classic PIC, due to the potential influence of choroidal venous insufficiency on PIC manifestations and secondary complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and Potentially Prognostic Value of Novel Inflammatory Indices in Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.","authors":"Eyupcan Sensoy, Ye Uzun San Uke, Vanc K Inac","doi":"10.31348/2026/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2026/11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the potential contribution of systemic inflammation to the pathogenesis of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), to evaluate the diagnostic and potentially prognostic value of relatively novel inflammatory indices, and to assess their associations with visual function and structural optic nerve findings at presentation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The medical records of 26 patients diagnosed with NAION and 28 age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched controls were retrospectively reviewed. From complete blood count results obtained at diagnosis, platelet, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and immature granulocyte counts were recorded, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) were calculated. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses, and visual field parameters were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the NAION group, platelet and neutrophil counts, as well as NLR, PLR, PIV, SII, and SIRI values, were significantly higher than in controls (p.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"82 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Preserflo MicroShunt versus Trabeculectomy: A Retrospective 6-Month Study.","authors":"Nora Majtánová, Adriana Takáčová, Lucia Herdová, Veronika Kurilová, Juraj Majtán, Zlatica Fellner, Dalibor Cholevík, Petr Kolář","doi":"10.31348/2025/35","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2025/35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize and compare the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy and Preserflo microshunt (PMS) implantation in patients with openangle glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective 6-month study included 100 eyes (100 patients). The 100 patients were divided into two groups of 50 patients, who were randomly assigned to either trabeculectomy or PMS implantation with mmC (0.4 mg/ml) applied using saturated sponges. The patients attended follow-up checks at 1, 8, 30, and 90 days postoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. Endothelial cells were assessed at 3 and 6 months respectively. The main observed parameters were intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal endothelial cell density (CECD), coefficient of variation (CV), and antiglaucoma treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients after trabeculectomy and after PMS implantation a comparable reduction in mean IOP values of 40.2% and 45.8% respectively was recorded for both surgical approaches in comparison with the preoperative mean IOP values. In all the studied patients, regardless of the type of surgical procedure, a significant reduction of CECD values was recorded 6 months after surgery. However, PMS implantation led to a greater reduction in antiglaucoma treatment postoperatively compared to trabeculectomy. Qualified success was almost identical in the case of both operations throughout the entire course, complete success was higher in favor of PMS at the beginning of the observation, but their values converged or met from approximately day 90 to month 6.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The performed clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of PMS implantation compared to the classical surgical approach using trabeculectomy showed positive results related primarily to the reduction of postoperative complications, while maintaining the effectiveness of the surgical procedure. However, further clinical studies with a longer follow-up period are needed in order to provide long-term evidence of clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metric Causes of Refractive Errors of the Eye.","authors":"Petr Veselý, Pavel Beneš, Jana Sokolová Šidlová, Petra Záděrová, Hana Došková","doi":"10.31348/2025/40","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2025/40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To confirm current knowledge about the causes of refractive errors in adults. To evaluate the influence of systemic, i.e., primary curvature and, on the other hand, axial causes of refractive errors of the eye, in comparison with the Gullstrand model of the eye expressed by axial length and corneal curvature ratio.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The basic sample included 60 eyes of 30 subjects with an average age of 22.3 ±1.1 years. There were 3 men and 27 women in the group. They were young, generally healthy individuals, without serious eye pathologies. The basic sample was divided into research (n = 36) and control group (n = 24). We measured the axial length of the eye using the IOL MASTER 500 optical biometer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). We measured the topographic and keratometric values ​​of the cornea using the Pentacam HR device (Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). We obtained the objective refraction values ​​by measuring them on a standard instrument automatic refractometer TRK-1P (Topcon Corp., Tokyo, Japan). We determined the axial length of the eye (AXD), the average value of keratometry (KRT) and the spherical equivalent of the refractive error (SE) as significant variables. The evaluation of variables was carried out by comparison with the Gullstrand model of the eye.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We calculated the ratios of the median axial length of the eye and the median keratometry in the research group with myopia (AXD/KRTM = 3.18 with IQR 0.1) and the control group (AXD/KRTK = 2.93 with IQR 0.1). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"96-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Post-Traumatic Pediatric Endophthalmitis Following 25-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy.","authors":"Ashish Markan, Abha Gupta, Manasi Tripathi, Vipin Rana, Mohit Dogra, Divya Chauhan, Deeksha Katoch, Simar Rajan Singh, Reema Bansal, Vishali Gupta, Ramandeep Singh, Basavaraj Tigari","doi":"10.31348/2026/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2026/17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong> To evaluate the structural and functional outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in children with post-traumatic endophthalmitis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong> This retrospective study included 33 children (mean age: 6.5 ±2.6 years) with endophthalmitis following open globe injury who underwent 25G PPV. Preoperative parameters recorded were age, gender, time of onset, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), hypopyon, intraocular foreign body (IOFB), and retinal detachment (RD). Surgical details noted included timing of PPV, intraoperative findings, lens status, tamponade, and need for pars plana lensectomy (PPL). Vitreous samples were taken for microbiology. Minimum follow-up was 3 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> The mean interval between injury and onset of endophthalmitis was 4.72 ±3.75 days, and the mean time to PPV was 5.8 ±4.7 days. Hypopyon was present in 45.4%, IOFB in 12.1%, and RD in 6.1%. PPL was performed in 81% of eyes. Mean preoperative BCVA was 2.6 ±0.2 logMAR, improving significantly to 1.3 ±0.5 logMAR at 3 months (p  3/60) was achieved in 33.3%. Anatomical success with retinal attachment was achieved in 72.7%, and endophthalmitis resolution in 90%. Retinal reintervention was required in 15%. Oil tamponade was used in 30% and gas in 9.1%. Microbiological positivity was seen in 39.3%, most commonly Gram-positive cocci.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Early 25G PPV in pediatric post-traumatic endophthalmitis offers favorable structural and functional outcomes. High rates of infection resolution and retinal attachment can be achieved despite severe presentation, particularly with timely vitrectomy, tailored tamponade, and lensectomy when indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"82 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}