Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie最新文献

{"title":"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection of the Anterior Segment of the Eye and its Clinical Presentation. A Review.","authors":"Michal Biensky, Petra Bačová, Vladimír Kováč, Michaela Leštachová, Ladislav Jančo","doi":"10.31348/2025/30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2025/30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpetic infections frequently cause diagnostic errors, which subsequently lead to mistakes in therapy. They affect all the ocular structures, although in everyday practice we most frequently encounter herpetic infections of the anterior segment of the eye. This review article focuses on infections of the anterior segment of the eye caused by the herpes simplex virus. It explains in further detail the specific pathophysiology and course of herpetic infection, which is closely related to the clinical manifestations of the disease. The various stages of primary and secondary infection are described in detail and documented with photographs from the 2nd Eye Clinic of the Slovak Medical University at F.D. Roosevelt Hospital in Banská Bystrica. The last two sections focus on the diagnosis and treatment of herpes simplex virus infections. Correct identification of the form of herpetic disease is crucial for proper therapeutic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Imaging Modalities in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: An Overview.","authors":"Omer Karti, Ziya Ayhan, Osman Ali Saatci","doi":"10.31348/2025/26","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2025/26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an autoimmune disorder affecting multiple systems and characterized by bilateral granulomatous uveitis, frequently together with neurological, auditory, and integumentary manifestations. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are a must to prevent irreversible vision loss and possible systemic complications. Fundus imaging plays a pivotal role in the management of VKH, not only to reach the diagnosis but also to monitor  disease activity and response to treatment. Fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are among the imaging modalities. These methods provide invaluable insights into the different phases of the disease. In addition, OCT angiography enables clinicians to visualize associated retinal and choroidal microvascular changes. Continuous advances in imaging technology assist ophthalmologists to comprehend the VKH pathophysiology and to facilitate its differential diagnosis. Thus, clinical outcomes are improving with timely interventions and personalized treatment approaches. This mini-review provides an overview of VKH disease, with a particular focus on the fundus imaging techniques utilized in its management.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"223-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Results Following the Implantation of a New Toric Intraocular Lens with Extended Depth of Focus.","authors":"Simona Jančárová, Marie Němcová, Pavel Rozsíval, Viktor Ladislav Nováček","doi":"10.31348/2025/25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2025/25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong> To evaluate the clinical outcomes following the implantation of a new toric intraocular lens (TIOL) with extended depth of focus (EDOF) Bi-Flex ELON Toric POB-MA 877PETY (Elon®, Medicontur Medical Engineering Ltd., Zsámbék, Hungary), including analysis of lens rotational stability and assessment of patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong> In a retrospective, monocentric clinical study, 29 eyes of 18 patients (11 men and 7 women) with presbyopia, cataracts, and corneal astigmatism were evaluated. These patients underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery with Bi-Flex ELON Toric TIOL implantation. Postoperative assessments included measurements of monocular uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA) and near visual acuity (UNVA, CNVA), rotational stability of the TIOL, and subjective evaluation of visual quality using a questionnaire. Follow-up examinations were conducted 6 months postoperatively (ranging from 3 to 9 months).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> The mean postoperative monocular UDVA improved from 0.4 ±0.2 to 0.90 ±0.1 (p.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Features in Screening of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Our Experience with New Recommendations for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening.","authors":"Dana Tomčíková, Zuzana Prepiaková, Beáta Bušányová, Barbora Kostolná","doi":"10.31348/2025/23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2025/23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is always a serious and sight-threatening condition, and its treatable stages require early detection and adequate treatment. It is necessary to focus on the principles of screening of ROP and recurrences thereof, which occur more often with the onset of intravitreal treatment using anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents. In this study, we evaluate the recurrence of ROP after primary treatment with intravitreally administered bevacizumab or ranibizumab, its frequency and timing of occurrence. Also discussed are the rules for screening of ROP, its recurrence and the need for long-term follow-up monitoring of children with any form of ROP.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal Neovascular Membrane in Pediatric Patients: Long-Term Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Therapy.","authors":"Kamila Pavlíková, Inka Krejčířová, Rudolf Autrata, Kateřina Šenková, Veronika Matušková","doi":"10.31348/2025/33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2025/33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the epidemiological data, etiology and clinical characteristics, and to assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in the treatment of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) in children and adolescents. The results are compared with data from previously published studies and case reports.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients treated for CNV at the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brno, between January 2015 and April 2025. The cohort consisted of 12 patients, including 7 males and 5 females. All the cases involved unilateral disease; the right eye was affected in 7 patients and the left eye in 5. The mean age at onset was 11.8 years (range: 3-17 years). All underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination including optical coherence tomography (OCT); in 7 cases the diagnosis was confirmed by fluorescein angiography. The evaluated parameters included epidemiological data, clinical and morphological characteristics of CNV before and after anti-VEGF therapy. The etiology of CNV in our cohort was as follows: post-inflammatory/post-infectious in 6 cases, idiopathic in 3 cases, and one case each of myopic, post-traumatic, and neoplastic origin. The most common localization was subfoveal. All CNV lesions were classified as classic (type 2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients achieved either anatomical or functional improvement. No ocular or systemic adverse effects related to intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy were observed during the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early diagnosis and intervention with anti-VEGF therapy show favorable outcomes, including stabilization and remission of the disease. In our cohort, no adverse events or complications associated with intravitreal anti-VEGF administration were recorded. Continued research is essential in order to gain a further understanding of the pathogenesis of pediatric CNV and to optimize treatment strategies in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Retinal Tear Location and Internal Tamponade on The Success of Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Patients with Uncomplicated Retinal Detachment.","authors":"Zbyněk Straňák, Miroslav Veith, Jan Dobaka, Martin Penčák, Karel Helman, Pavel Studený","doi":"10.31348/2024/41","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2024/41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Retinal detachment is an acute sight-threatening condition that requires immediate surgical intervention. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) between the different types of gases used, the position, and the number of tears.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective non-randomized comparative study of patients with uncomplicated RRD treated at the Department of Ophthalmology from March 2018 to April 2021 using PPV. A total of 494 evaluated eyes were included in the study. The anatomical success of the surgery was monitored with regard to the extent of retinal detachment, the number and position of tears, and the tamponade used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The success rate of retinal reattachment with a single operation was 90.7% (448 eyes), and the final anatomical success rate was 100%. A very weak paired relationship was found between the success of the surgery for tears in the 4-8 hours region and the 9-3 hours region (89.1% vs. 92%). Similarly, no significant differences were observed between procedures using SF6 and C3F8 gases for RRD with a tear in the 4-8 hours region (success rate 93.4% for SF6 vs. 89.1% for C3F8). The average postoperative improvement of best corrected visual acuity was 29.6 ETDRS letters, and a gain of 15 letters was recorded in 55.1% (272 eyes). Overall, the complication rate was very low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PPV is a safe and effective method for treating RRD. Extensive experience with this method allows the use of short-acting tamponades in selected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"80 Ahead of print","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Gaze Tracking for Visual Field Reliability Estimation. A Systematic Review.","authors":"Luisa Fernanda Peña-Pulgar, Alejandro Tello, María Fernanda Acuña, Virgilio Galvis","doi":"10.31348/2025/38","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2025/38","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong> This systematic review aimed to investigate whether quantitative metrics derived from gaze tracking (GT) outputs during visual field (VF) testing with an automated perimeter could enhance the evaluation of test reliability.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong> A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, and IBECS databases, from inception to August 31, 2024, was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Eight studies - four cross-sectional and four cohort - met the inclusion criteria, comprising 8,181 visual field tests from 3,687 patients. The studies were categorized based on testing strategy: SITA Standard, Fast, and Faster. In the SITA Standard group, GT parameters were associated with visual field result reproducibility and the structure-function relationship in glaucoma, but were influenced by ocular surface variables. In the SITA Fast and Faster group, results were mixed: some studies suggested GT metrics could complement conventional reliability parameters, while others concluded that GT quantitative metrics did not offer clinically meaningful insights beyond existing methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> GT trace quantification shows promise as an objective reliability parameter for VF testing, particularly within the SITA Standard framework. Advanced image analysis techniques, including artificial intelligence, could facilitate automated GT parameter quantification, streamlining processes and supporting further studies to evaluate their impact on VF data reliability and clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Myopia and Glare on Mesopic Contrast Sensitivity.","authors":"Jiří Junker, František Pluháček","doi":"10.31348/2025/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2025/17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong> The aim of the study is to evaluate the simultaneous effect of mild myopia and glare on contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions corresponding to the conditions of night driving.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong> The study included 22 volunteers (11 women and 11 men) aged between 20 and 42 years (mean age 26.5 years, standard deviation 5.2 years) with normal or corrected to normal binocular and monocular vision acuity and normal healthy eyes. The study was designed as a prospective study. After adaptation to mesopic conditions, three series of contrast sensitivity measurements (with fully corrected refractive error, with induced myopia -0.50 D and -1.0 D) were performed in random order using the Mesotest II device. In each series, measurements were performed with and without glare. All measurements were performed twice, and their average was considered as the result. The effect of induced myopia and glare was assessed using the analysis of variance method for repeated measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Significant effects of myopia (p.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idiopathic Corneal Thinning and Spontaneous Perforation at Early Adulthood. A Case Report.","authors":"Miklós Ágoston Lukács, László Módis","doi":"10.31348/2025/19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2025/19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong> To report a case of progressive corneal thinning and spontaneous corneal perforation in the setting of recurrent keratoconjunctivitis of undetermined etiology in a 20-year-old female patient.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong> Longitudinal follow-up of the reported case was performed with regular slit-lamp examination, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and laboratory evaluation. Relevant scientific literature was reviewed to discover potential etiologies and causes of the reported case.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong> Recurrent bilateral keratoconjunctivitis was detected and followed up in a 20-year-old female patient. Long-standing blepharitis and several ocular inflammatory episodes were observed involving the conjunctiva and cornea causing corneal thinning and irregular astigmatism on both eyes. Patient's history, physical and laboratory examination did not reveal any systemic inflammatory or dermatological disorder. After 4 years from the onset of symptoms, spontaneous corneal perforation was observed on the right eye and treated with amniotic membrane transplantation. At that time, eyelid margin culture was positive for Streptococcus mitis. The graft healed completely with paracentral stromal scarring. Best spectacle corrected visual acuity was 20/25 OD and 20/40 OS a month after the procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Corneal and ocular surface inflammation is a potential multifactorial disease. Bacterial hypersensitivity, atopy and dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis and rosacea may play a role in recurrent keratitis, corneal thinning and eventually corneal perforation. Frequent and regular follow-ups are required to detect complications early as well as to discover all possible local and systemic contributing factors of keratoconjunctivitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Morphological Changes in the Retina Using OCTA in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with anti-VEGF Using ImageJ Software.","authors":"David Beran, Libor Hejsek, Jan Studnička","doi":"10.31348/2025/28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2025/28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong> To evaluate changes in the vascular density of the deep and superficial capillary plexus of the retina, the area of the foveal avascular zone, central retinal thickness, and best corrected visual acuity in patients with diabetic macular edema treated with anti-VEGF agents.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong> In a prospective study at the Ophthalmology Clinic of FNHK, we evaluated a group of 41 eyes of 30 patients (19 men and 11 women) with diabetic macular edema treated with Lucentis or Eylea. The average age of the patients was 61.7 ±11.3 years. Average initial visual acuity was 64.4 ±9.1 letters on ETDRS optotypes. During the one-year follow-up period we monitored the density of the deep and superficial retinal capillary plexus using OCTA. We evaluated OCTA scans with the ImageJ program at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Additionally, the area of the foveal avascular zone, central retinal thickness, and best-corrected visual acuity were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> During the one-year follow-up period there was a statistically significant change in both retinal capillary plexuses, with the density of the deep capillary plexus increasing (p.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"81 Ahead of Print","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}