Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie最新文献

{"title":"T-Cells Response in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis of Varying Severity.","authors":"Nadiia Kuryltsiv, Oleksandra Zborovska, Liudmyla Velychko, Aleksandra Bohdanova","doi":"10.31348/2024/44","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2024/44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>to investigate the dynamics of the T-cell immune response in rabbits with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) of varying severity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The experiment involved two groups of Chinchilla rabbits (15 rabbits in each group). The model of EAU was created. The clinical picture of intraocular inflammation of varying severity was assessed. The determination of the level of white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (Lymphs), CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ in the blood of rabbits was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group I - moderate and severe uveitis, Group II - uveitis of mild severity. WBC, Lymphs, CD3+, CD4+, CD16+ were elevated and statistically significant in both groups of animals compared to control parameters on all days of the experiment (3, 7, 10, 14, 21 days) (p.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"80 Ahead of print","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractive Surgery in a Patient with Alport Syndrome. A Case Report.","authors":"Darina Pospíšilová, Iveta Němcová, Jiří Pašta, Kateřina Hladíková, Eva Vyplašilová, Jan Havlik, Jan Tesař, Martin Šín","doi":"10.31348/2024/28","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2024/28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors present a case of a thirty-eight-year-old patient with Alport syndrome. The patient had several ocular symptoms of the disease and has been treated for systemic problems in connection with Alport syndrome since he was fifteen years old. At that age the patient also underwent a kidney transplant in order to deal with renal insufficiency. To date, he still uses immunosuppressants and antihypertensives. Furthermore, the patient suffers from perceptive deafness. The patient visited our clinic in 2021 with a request to solve his high refractive error, in which the diopters were so high that it was not possible to place them in spectacles. The patient's best corrected visual acuity was 0.6 with -8.0sph/-4.0cyl/ax15 in the right eye and 0.7partim with -8.0sph/-4.0cyl/ax155 in the left eye. The autorefractometer values were -6.25sph/-6.75cyl/ax17 in the right eye and -6.75sph/-6.5cyl/ax155 in the left eye. During the eye examination we found a number of ocular manifestations that are typical of Alport syndrome. On the cornea there were opacities as a residue of corneal erosions, and at one of the following check-ups we also found a newly developed corneal erosion. Subsequently, we found an anterior lenticonus and incipient cataract. Upon performing OCT, a typical temporal macular atrophy was evident. Fundus examination in artificial mydriasis showed just a minimal manifestation of fleck retinopathy. Due to the clinical manifestation we decided to perform cataract surgery and implant a monofocal toric intraocular lens in both eyes. There were no complications during the operations, however the surgeon registered a non-standard structure of the lens capsule. The capsule was more fragile, and performing capsulorhexis was much more complicated. A week after the surgery, higher cylinder diopters were still present. A decrease of the higher diopters was noticeable one month after surgery. The time interval between the first operation and the second operation was one month. The patient was highly satisfied with result, and uncorrected visual acuity improved by over four lines. After surgery the patient needed low diopters for near as well as far distance. In the case of this patient, the ocular manifestations were detected and treated in adulthood. Nevertheless, early detection of ocular symptoms of Alport syndrome in young patients before renal failure could lead to timely start of the treatment and delay a possible renal transplant. In case of any suspicion of Alport syndrome it is advised to send the patient to a pediatrician, and at an older age to an internal medicine specialist, for further examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"80 Ahead of print","pages":"332-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Regimens of Neovascular Form of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. A Review.","authors":"Zlatica Fellner, Nora Majtánová, Petr Kolář, Petra Krišková, Petra Kéri","doi":"10.31348/2024/25","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2024/25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents an overview of treatment regimens of drugs containing antivascular endothelial growth factor for the treatment of neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration. Currently, drugs containing antivascular endothelial growth factor are the only effective treatment for this chronic and progressive disease. The treatment regimens for this disease in the last two decades have seen a shift from a simple endeavor to stabilize the disease to achieving maximum improvement of visual acuity and its maintenance, with improvement of the patient's quality of life and a minimal treatment burden on patients and their families. Other goals of the alternative dosing regimens that have replaced the original fixed regimens were greater individualization of the dosing regimen, better patient cooperation, saving financial costs and reducing the burden on application centers. Age-related macular degeneration, whether dry form or wet form, represents a serious health and socioeconomic problem, as the disease is one of the most common causes of severe and irreversible central visual acuity disorders up to the degree of practical blindness of one or both eyes in people over 50 years of age in developed industrialized countries. The most important issue is to ensure early diagnosis of this disease, followed by prompt and continuous treatment with an individualized proactive treatment regimen, with the aim of stabilizing and improving anatomical and functional results.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"80 Ahead of print","pages":"287-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Fuchs Heterochromic Iridocyclitis with Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Michaela Brichová, Jana Preiningerová Lízrová, Jarmila Heissigerová, Dagmar Jeníčková, Aneta Klímová, Petra Svozílková","doi":"10.31348/2024/17","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2024/17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To draw attention to the higher proportion of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) cases in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective study of data collected at the Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Uveitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An analysis of the medical records of 3016 patients with uveitis (in the years 2003-2020) was performed with a focus on MS. MS-associated uveitis was diagnosed in 90 patients (3%): anterior uveitis (n = 7), intermediate uveitis (n = 23), retinal vasculitis (n = 24), and panuveitis (n = 36). A clinical examination revealed signs of FHI in the anterior segment in 11 out of 90 cases (12%). Atypical manifestations of FHI included a higher incidence of bilateral involvement (45%), retinal vasculitis (27%), and vitreous snowballs (18%). The diagnosis of FHI preceded the diagnosis of MS in 4 cases. The median latency was 10.5 (range 8-15) years. In 4 patients, the diagnosis of demyelinating disease was established within one year of the diagnosis of FHI. We recommended a neurological examination for optic neuritis (n = 1), paresthesia (n = 3), relapse of motor deficit (n = 1), and screening of etiology in cases with involvement of the posterior segment (n = 3). In the other 3 cases, the diagnosis of MS preceded the diagnosis of FHI, with a median latency of 13 (range 8-19) years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We detected clinical symptoms of FHI in 12% of uveitis cases associated with MS, more often in bilateral manifestations of intraocular inflammation. Based on our experience, we recommend an investigation of the medical history of patients with FHI for manifestations of sensitive, sensory and motor deficits, especially in bilateral cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"80 Ahead of print","pages":"188-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Optical Biometry Data Measured with Lenstar and Anterion Devices.","authors":"Zuzana Anwarzai Šulavíková, Nina Palková","doi":"10.31348/2024/35","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2024/35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to compare the results of preoperative biometric data measured with optical biometers of different generations in patients with cataract. Lenstar optical biometry is based on the principle of optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR), and Anterion on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 200 eyes (103 patients) were included in a prospective study at the Faculty Hospital in Trenčín the period from June 2023 to January 2024. We compared the results of 6 parameters: axial length (AL), mean keratometry (K), lens thickness (LT), white-to-white diameter (WTW), astigmatism (AST), and intraocular lens (IOL) power. The results were statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The values of AL, AST, and IOL parameters between the Lenstar and Anterion biometers were consistent, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.593; p = 0.089; p = 0.069). The values of K, LT, and WTW showed statistically significant differences (p.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"80 6","pages":"318-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Vein Occlusion Guidelines.","authors":"Jan Studnička, Jan Němčanský, Daniela Vysloužilová, Jan Ernest, Miroslav Veith, Pavel Němec","doi":"10.31348/2024/42","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2024/42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal vein occlusion and its complications are among the most common causes of severe loss of sight in developed countries. In recent years, developments in imaging methods have been introduced, leading to an improvement in diagnostic possibilities. At the same time new treatment options have become available (new intravitreal drugs and treatment protocols, laser and surgical methods). The presented guidelines summarize the current knowledge about retinal vein occlusion in order to standardize and update procedures for the diagnosis, classification and treatment of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"80 6","pages":"298-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scleral Grafts in Ophthalmic Surgery. A Review.","authors":"Jakub Dítě, Magdalena Netuková, Alexandra Procházková, Martina Poláchová, Katarína Krivosheev, Pavel Studený","doi":"10.31348/2024/11","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2024/11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To summarize the history and current trends in the use of scleral grafts in ophthalmology.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a review of the literature through the MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. The search terms were \"sclera\", \"graft\", and \"surgery\". The search resulted in 1596 articles, of which we evaluated 192 as relevant. The relevant articles were sorted chronologically and according to the method of using scleral grafts, which enabled the development of a review article.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sclera has been routinely used in ophthalmology since the 1950s in many different indications. Some of these indications have become practically obsolete over time (for example, use in the surgical management of retinal detachment), but a large number still find application today (especially use in glaucoma or oculoplastic surgery, or as a patch for a defect in the sclera or cornea).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even though allogeneic sclera is currently used less frequently in ophthalmology compared to other tissue banking products and the range of its indications has partially narrowed, it remains a useful material due to its availability and properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"80 Ahead of print","pages":"231-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractive Errors Among Members of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic.","authors":"Veronika Poláčková, Hana Šindelářová, Kristýna Lahodová, Iveta Němcová, Martin Šín","doi":"10.31348/2024/7","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2024/7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors among members of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic, to recommend a safe way of correcting refractive errors with regard to the specific needs of military personnel (especially members of combat units and flying personnel), and to propose a system for solving these errors in order to increase combat effectivity. \u0000Methodology: Questionnaire to determine previous refractive surgery and spectacle correction wear. Measurement of refraction with a hand-held autorefractometer and evaluation of current visual acuity on ETDRS optotypes (Landolt rings). Results: 259 servicemen (518 eyes) were investigated. The return rate of the questionnaires was 100%. The incidence of myopia greater than -0.75D was 22% (113 eyes), myopia greater than -0.5D 32% (166 eyes). The mean value of myopia was -0.78 D (SD ±0.6). Hypermetropia values ranged from +0.25 to +5.0 D. The mean value of hypermetropia was 0.63 D (SD ±0.7). Astigmatism values ranged from -0.25 to -3.75. The mean value of astigmatism was -0.55 Dcyl (SD ±0.49). The average visual acuity was 84.1 letters ETDRS SD (±6.1), visual acuity worse than 80 letters was manifested by 23% of the members of the monitored group. 25 people (10%) had undergone laser refractive surgery. Visual acuity after laser refractive surgery was measured in 19 people (38 eyes). Mean uncorrected post-laser visual acuity was 83.87 (SD ±6.1) ETDRS letters. The mean follow-up period after laser refractive surgery was 6.78 (SD ±4.8) years. \u0000Conclusion: Despite the initial selection of military personnel and entry limitations, the prevalence of refractive errors is comparable to the general population. However, in contrast with the general population, refractive errors larger than -3.0 D were not represented in the group. Due to the finding of insufficient correction of refractive errors, increased emphasis should be placed on identifying and regularly observing military personnel with refractive errors</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"80 1","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139747546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Clinical Results of Implantation of Toric Intraocular Lenses Including their Rotational Stability.","authors":"Barbora Pašková, Klára Marešová, Zuzana Schreiberová, Miloslava Malušková, Marta Karhanová","doi":"10.31348/2024/10","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2024/10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical results of the implantation of the toric intraocular lens Acrysof IQ Toric SN6AT3_8 (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA), including an evaluation of its rotational stability.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>30 eyes of 16 patients (4 males, 12 females; mean age 68 years) with regular corneal astigmatism ranging from -1.5 to -4.0 Dcyl were included in this retrospective study. All the patients underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery with the implantation of a toric intraocular lens (TIOL) at the Department of Ophthalmology of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Palacký University in Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc during the course of 2020. Follow-up examinations were performed 3-6 months after cataract surgery. We monitored the resulting uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), postoperative refraction, rotational stability of the implanted lens and subjective patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>mean preoperative corneal astigmatism was -2.41 ±0.67 Dcyl. UDVA improved from a mean value of 0.45 ±0.25 (expressed in decimal Snellen optotype values) to 0.91 ±0.16. The spherical equivalent value of 0.41 ±2.92 improved to -0.11 ±0.27 postoperatively. The mean deviation from the planned axis was 4.87 ±4.75. Subjective satisfaction was rated by patients on a scale of 1-5, with a mean score of 1.5.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TIOL implantation is a safe and effective solution for patients with corneal astigmatism and cataract. Our results demonstrate improved UDVA, rotational stability of the TIOL and subjective patient satisfaction with the outcome of the surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"80 Ahead of print","pages":"146-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139984131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Changes in Patients With Covid-19 and Different Expressiveness of Metabolic Changes.","authors":"Kateryna Hutsaliuk, Nataliia Skalska, Nadiia Ulianova","doi":"10.31348/2024/12","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2024/12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To study the relationship between the severity of COVID-induced metabolic changes and the structure and frequency of retinal changes, according to funduscopy data in patients with different clinical courses of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>117 patients with COVID-19 were examined. While examining patients, severity of the course of COVID-19, the expressiveness of changes in the metabolic status were determined; fundus image registration was performed with portable fundus cameras Pictor Plus Fundus Camera and VistaView (Volk Optical).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As a result of the research, retinal changes were found in 49 (41.9 %) patients with COVID-19. In 8 (16.3 %) cases, clinically significant (vitreous hemorrhage, prethrombosis of the central retinal vein or branches of the central retinal vein, thrombosis of the central retinal vein or branches of the central retinal vein) COVID-induced retinal and ophthalmological changes were observed, which caused a decrease in visual acuity. In 41 (83.7 %) cases, clinically insignificant changes (cotton wool spots, narrowed retinal vessels, intraretinal and petechial hemorrhages, tortuosity and dilatation of retinal venules) COVID-induced retinal changes were observed. Clinically significant retinal changes occur in patients with a statistically significantly higher level of D-dimer and a greater percentage of lung parenchyma lesion than in the group of patients with clinically insignificant retinal changes (p &lt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The structure of retinal changes in patients with COVID-19 correlates with the severity of the clinical course of the disease and changes in the metabolic status of patients. Metabolic changes are correlated with retinal changes and can be predictive for preventing general vascular complications in COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"80 Ahead of print","pages":"156-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}