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The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition最新文献

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4E Cognition 4 e认知
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.1
A. Newen, S. Gallagher, L. D. De Bruin
{"title":"4E Cognition","authors":"A. Newen, S. Gallagher, L. D. De Bruin","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Introduction starts with offering definitions of the central 4E features, that is, the features of embodied, embedded, enacted, and extended cognition. To set the stage, we sketch the conceptual distinction that characterizes the role of these features: are they only causally influencing a mental phenomenon or are some of them constituting it? We suggest that we can no longer presuppose a common understanding of X being constitutive for P as X being necessary in all possible worlds for P. This metaphysical understanding is increasingly challenged. We also clarify that the question about the role of mental representations needs an independent answer from the question about the role of the 4E features. After a short outline of the central concepts, we present an overview of the nine sections and outline their importance for the debate concerning the role of 4E features in thinking about the mind.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115538401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
The Evolution of Cognition 认知的进化
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.38
L. Barrett
{"title":"The Evolution of Cognition","authors":"L. Barrett","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.38","url":null,"abstract":"4E cognition offers a viable alternative to the viewpoint of classic cognitivism, providing a coherent, biologically grounded theory of cognitive evolution, which recognizes that bodies evolved before brains, and argues that whatever cognition might be, it must be grounded in the ability of organisms to coordinate and control action in a dynamic environment. In this chapter, I first consider some ideas relating to the minimal criteria for cognition as a means to introduce this more “biogenic” approach. This notion of minimal cognition is then linked to a discussion of the origins of cognition in sensorimotor coordination, as articulated in the “skin-brain thesis,” which argues that early nervous systems enabled coordinated contractions across myoepithelia. Finally, I consider how one particular school of 4E thought, radical enactivism, offers a view of evolutionary continuity that seems well equipped to resist the anthropocentric impulses of traditional cognitivist views.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125520715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Person Model Theory and the Question of Situatedness of Social Understanding 人模式理论与社会理解情境性问题
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.25
A. Newen
{"title":"The Person Model Theory and the Question of Situatedness of Social Understanding","authors":"A. Newen","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.25","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are hyper-social beings, highly dependent on others and on successfully interacting with them. Which theory can adequately describe our ability to understand others? In the literature we have an intense debate among proponents of theory-theory, simulation theory, and interaction theory. I argue first that none of these accounts is adequate but that we need to go in the direction of what I call the “person model theory.” The second important question is which types of embodiment (or further aspects of 4E) are systematically relevant for social understanding according to the person model theory? I argue that there are clear cases of embodiment of social understanding, while extendedness and/or enactment seem to be only clearly implemented in early infancy. Furthermore, 4E features of being embodied, enacted, extended, or embedded can only be ascribed to an implementation, a token of a specific type which makes the 4E features intensely context-dependent.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133121113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Disclosing the World 揭露世界
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.17
M. Rowlands
{"title":"Disclosing the World","authors":"M. Rowlands","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.17","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter defends a general picture of intentionality. Intentional directedness toward the world consists in revealing or disclosing activity: activity in virtue of which an object is revealed as falling under a given mode of presentation. This revealing activity often straddles processes occurring in the brain, in the body more generally, and the environment in which this body is situated. The result is that mental processes are often—not always, not necessarily, but often—embodied, enacted, and extended. There is no principled reason for thinking that the revealing activity that occurs outside the brain and/or body is not mental activity.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132696300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Body in Action 运动中的身体
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.12
Michael D. Kirchhoff
{"title":"The Body in Action","authors":"Michael D. Kirchhoff","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the possible convergence of predictive processing and embodied cognition. It is argued that the embodied view of cognition comprises a subset (if not all) of the following theses: (1) the constitutive thesis, (2) the nonrepresentational thesis, (3) the cognitive-affective inseparability thesis, and (4) the metaplasticity thesis. It is then argued that predictive processing is prima facie at odds with some (if not all) of these embodied cognition theses. The reason is that predictive processing is often understood in epistemic, inferential, and representational terms, promoting an internalist and skepticism-prone view of the mind-world relation. The chapter proceeds to establish that this perceived tension between predictive processing and embodied cognition can be overcome. The chapter concludes that it is possible to accept predictive processing and endorse all four theses central to the embodied view of cognition.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115894300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Direct Social Perception 直接社会知觉
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.15
Joel Krueger
{"title":"Direct Social Perception","authors":"Joel Krueger","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"Defenders of a view called “direct social perception” (DSP) argue that our social-cognitive capacities rest on our ability to directly perceive others’ mental states—their emotions, desires, intentions, etc.—embodied in their expressive, goal-directed behavior. DSP thus challenges the widespread assumption that mental states are intracranial phenomena, perceptually inaccessible to everyone but their owner. In this chapter, I consider a version of DSP that draws upon phenomenology, 4E cognition, and empirical work in cognitive science. I first examine DSP in its historical context, focusing on its development in the hands of phenomenologists like Husserl, Scheler, and Merleau-Ponty. I then consider some supporting arguments and empirical evidence—particularly work suggesting that embodied expressions of emotions (e.g., facial expressions, gestures, etc.) may constitute part of the emotion itself. I conclude by defending DSP against several objections.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127240483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Enacting affectivity 制定情感作用
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.31
G. Colombetti
{"title":"Enacting affectivity","authors":"G. Colombetti","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.31","url":null,"abstract":"The enactive approach to mind and cognition has several important implications for our understanding of affectivity. It entails that cognition is inherently affective and, relatedly, that the process of cognitive appraisal is not “purely brainy” but embodied. It also entails that a dynamical systems approach is more suitable than other conceptual frameworks to account for the variability of emotional episodes across individuals and populations, while acknowledging the important role of evolution in shaping the physiological and behavioral aspects of those episodes. Finally, the enactive approach does not entail that the material vehicles of affective episodes are necessarily only biological processes occurring inside the organism; rather, it allows extraorganismic processes to be part of the physical realizers of affectivity, and to be phenomenologically incorporated into affective experiences.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128724205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Critical Note 重要的注意
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.32
A. Stephan
{"title":"Critical Note","authors":"A. Stephan","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.32","url":null,"abstract":"Having introduced situated affectivity, I locate the contributions to this section within this new framework: Carr and colleagues argue that embodied emotional processes strongly (though not indispensably) influence cognitive and motivational tasks. Bypassing the debate on causal dependency (embeddedness) and co-constitution (extendedness), I propose the category of environmental affective scaffolding as the one Hobson’s contribution fits in. He stresses the essential impact an infant’s capacity for social-affective relatedness has on her cognitive development. The enactive approach, as introduced by Colombetti, accounts well for the dynamical couplings between two or more emoters (or an emoter and her environment). If more persons are involved, they constitute a case of distributed rather than extended affectivity, since no single individual is the hub of such an affective process. The contribution of Zahavi and Michael promises to apply the 4E approach to empathy. Considering environmental scaffolds to empathy might enrich it.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127422949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ecological-Enactive Cognition as engaging with a field of relevant affordances 生态-行动认知与相关启示领域的接合
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.3
Erik Rietveld, D. Denys, Maarten van Westen
{"title":"Ecological-Enactive Cognition as engaging with a field of relevant affordances","authors":"Erik Rietveld, D. Denys, Maarten van Westen","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.3","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of this Oxford handbook is “4E cognition”: cognition as embodied, embedded, enactive, and extended. However, one important “E” is missing: an E for ecological. We sketch an ecological-enactive approach to cognition that presents a framework for bringing together the embodied/enactive program with the ecological program originally developed by James Gibson, in which affordances are central. We call this framework the skilled intentionality framework. The skilled intentionality framework is a philosophical approach to understanding the situated and affective embodied mind. It is a new conceptual framework for the field of 4E cognitive science that focuses on skilled action and builds upon an enriched notion of affordances. We define skilled intentionality as the selective engagement with multiple affordances simultaneously in a concrete situation. The skilled intentionality framework clarifies how complementary insights on affordance responsiveness from philosophy/phenomenology, ecological psychology, emotion psychology, and neurodynamics hang together in an intertwined way.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121525521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 107
Thinking and feeling 思考和感觉
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.28
R. Hobson
{"title":"Thinking and feeling","authors":"R. Hobson","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.28","url":null,"abstract":"When reflecting on the nature of thought, it is helpful to consider how thinking develops. Here I consider how in typical development, creative flexible thinking emerges over the first two years of a child’s life. Thinking develops through, and is grounded in, affective communication between the child and other expressive, embodied persons who relate to a shared world. In order to come to think symbolically (in a full sense), a human being needs to share and coordinate experiences of the world on a non-inferential, affective basis, drawing on biologically based capacities to identify with the attitudes of others. Individuals with autism and/or congenital blindness illustrate the implications for the development of thinking when a child’s experience of self-other-world relations are compromised in these respects.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121487911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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