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The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition最新文献

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Beyond Mirroring 除了镜像
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.29
D. Zahavi, J. Michael
{"title":"Beyond Mirroring","authors":"D. Zahavi, J. Michael","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.29","url":null,"abstract":"When considering the current debate on empathy, it quickly becomes evident that a diversity of definitions of and approaches to the topic are available, and that no consensus seems forthcoming. The aim of our contribution is not to resolve these disputes or to argue in favor of any one particular way of conceptualizing empathy. Instead, our aim is to open up a new perspective by exploring the potential of applying embodied, extended, enactive, and embedded approaches to empathy research. As we shall see, these approaches help to integrate insights from phenomenology and the cognitive sciences in thinking about empathy, as well as in understanding the role of reciprocity, intentional alignment, embodied simulation, and the second-person perspective in empathy. They also highlight the inadequacy of the widespread assumption that empathy amounts to a form of affective matching or mirroring.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129774181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Critical Note 重要的注意
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.37
H. Glock
{"title":"Critical Note","authors":"H. Glock","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.37","url":null,"abstract":"My contribution comments on the chapters by van Elk and Bekkering, Johnson, Liszkowski, and Schmidt and Rakoczy in a sequence taking us from concepts through language to social cognition and normativity. My perspective is philosophical in stressing conceptual questions, yet in a way that acknowledges their dynamic interconnections with empirical and methodological issues. What constitutes the phenomena investigated by 4E cognitive science, such as concepts, meaning, interaction and normativity? How are they understood in different scientific paradigms, research programs, and theories? One of my general conclusions is that at least some factors in the development of both the language faculty and specific languages are not side effects of purely biological adaptations; instead they are directly functional for cooperative and language-wielding primates, and they may be the result of cumulative cultural development or even of (admittedly complex and messy) intentional innovations.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114555368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Joint Action and 4E Cognition 联合行动与4E认知
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.13
T. Tollefsen, Rick Dale
{"title":"Joint Action and 4E Cognition","authors":"T. Tollefsen, Rick Dale","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.13","url":null,"abstract":"Over past thirty years there has been an increased interest in studying joint action across a number of different disciplines including psychology, sociology, cognitive anthropology, cognitive science, and philosophy. In this chapter we canvas recent philosophical and empirical research on joint action. Along the way we highlight embedded, embodied, extended, and enactive approaches and the challenges they pose for more orthodox approaches to joint action. We propose an ecumenical approach to the study of joint action. The cognitive science of joint action will have to integrate both high-level and low-level approaches across a variety of disciplines, including experimental psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy. A single unitary account is unlikely to capture the nuanced and complex nature of joint action. Instead, we argue that we should seek a better understanding of how various accounts coalesce into a tapestry of explanatory tools.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115258736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Origins and complexities of infant communication and social cognition 婴儿交际和社会认知的起源和复杂性
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.35
Ulf Liszkowski
{"title":"Origins and complexities of infant communication and social cognition","authors":"Ulf Liszkowski","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.35","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates how infants communicate before they have acquired a language; the underlying social cognition and motivation; and the evolutionary and ontogenetic origins of human communication. Evidence is reviewed that by 12 months of age, infants’ production and comprehension of the human pointing gesture involves several interwoven layers of communicative intentions, and pertains in complexity to unique forms of human communication. Limits of infant communication pertain to representational gesture use, particularly the spontaneous creation of pantomimic iconic gestures, and to the expression of referential intentions in early infancy. Commonalities and differences to ape communication are identified at different developmental ages regarding the use of reaching gestures and communication about distal and absent referents. Recent evidence is presented for the role of social interaction in the early ontogenetic emergence of uniquely human forms of gestural communication.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129065219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Extended Cognition 扩展的认知
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.2
J. Kiverstein
{"title":"Extended Cognition","authors":"J. Kiverstein","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.2","url":null,"abstract":"The debates within 4E cognitive science surrounding extended cognition turn on competing ontological conceptions of cognitive processes. The embedded theory (henceforth EMT) and the family of extended theories of cognition (henceforth EXT) disagree about what it is for a state or process to count as cognitive. Advocates of EMT continue to interpret the concept of cognition along more or less traditional lines as being constituted by computational, rule-based operations carried out on internal representational structures that carry information about the world. EXT by contrast argues that bodily actions, and the environmental resources that agents act upon, can under certain conditions count as constituent parts of a cognitive process. I show how the debate between functionalist EXT and EMT ends in deadlock without any clear winner. I finish up by looking to radical embodied cognitive science for an alternative ontology of cognition that can provide grounds for favoring EXT over EMT.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129765315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Critical Note 重要的注意
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.27
Mitchell Herschbach
{"title":"Critical Note","authors":"Mitchell Herschbach","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.27","url":null,"abstract":"I argue that the chapters in this section only modestly challenge the “traditional mindreading account,” which sees the capacity for mental state attribution as central to human social cognition. This internalist, cognitivist account has already been refined in recent years to give greater attention to unreflective, dynamic social interaction and non-mindreading processes. The chapters here support a kind of embodied social cognition that does not involve mindreading. They also support the idea that an embedded/situated cognition perspective can inform the nature of the mindreading and non-mindreading forms of social cognition, particularly their use during dynamic social interaction. Further, important empirical questions arise about the importance of social interaction in the development of mindreading. But the more radical extended cognition thesis only appears sporadically and is weakly defended. Thus, the 4E perspective represented here does not challenge the importance of the “representation-hungry,” internal capacity for mindreading.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132560353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mindshaping Mindshaping
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.39
Tadeusz W. Zawidzki
{"title":"Mindshaping","authors":"Tadeusz W. Zawidzki","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.39","url":null,"abstract":"According to consensus, distinctively human social accomplishments rely on an individual, neurally implemented capacity to represent the mental states of others, typically called “mindreading” or “theory of mind.” On this view, early humans and their immediate precursors moved beyond typical primate social arrangements, e.g., by engaging in large-scale cooperative projects with individuals of whom they have scant personal knowledge, in virtue of developing a theory of mind. This chapter articulates, explores, and defends an alternative. On this view, mindreading is not the lynchpin of distinctively human sociality; rather, what sets us apart is “mindshaping”—our capacity to shape each other to be easily interpretable. Such mindshaping includes high-fidelity imitation, prolific pedagogy, norm enforcement, and narrative self-constitution. Compared to other primates we excel at these; according to the mindshaping hypothesis, this explains our distinctive social capacities. The affinities between the mindshaping hypothesis and 4E approaches to cognition are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128683904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 67
Critical Note 重要的注意
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.42
A. Roepstorff, Tobias Starzak
{"title":"Critical Note","authors":"A. Roepstorff, Tobias Starzak","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.013.42","url":null,"abstract":"How can approaching the topic of 4E cognition from an evolutionary perspective shed light on aspects of cultural and biological evolution, the nature of cognition in general, and of human nature in particular? The four papers in this section offer a temporal analysis that puts cognition into a context of larger processes that span historical and indeed evolutionary time, and they embed the dynamics of cognition beyond brains and individuals, into groups and even species. This analysis does not deny the importance of abstract representations for human cognition. However, all four contributions suggest that in focusing too narrowly on representational cognition we lose sight of the basic mechanisms supporting and driving cognition. Furthermore, to understand these, we need to understand not only how these processes are embodied, embedded, enactive, and extended, but also how they are shaped, transmitted, and diversified in processes of group formation.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117153163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perception, Exploration, and the Primacy of Touch 感知、探索和触觉的首要性
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.14
M. Ratcliffe
{"title":"Perception, Exploration, and the Primacy of Touch","authors":"M. Ratcliffe","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.14","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the question of whether and how the relationship between touch, the body, and bodily activity might be distinctive. I begin by raising a problem for any claim concerning the nature of “touch”: it is unclear what touch is, and all generalizations concerning touch are susceptible to counterexamples. Following this, I consider a recent formulation of the view that tactual perception sometimes utilizes bodily exploration in a distinctive way, and show why that view is problematic. I go on to address various formulations of the claim that touch is somehow more fundamental than the other senses, insofar as it is more intimately bound up with our bodily nature. All of these turn out to be unclear or implausible. I conclude that the most plausible case for the primacy of touch involves an appeal to its diversity, rather than to any particular characteristic of touch.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127308444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Developing an understanding of normativity 发展对规范性的理解
The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.36
Marco F. H. Schmidt, H. Rakoczy
{"title":"Developing an understanding of normativity","authors":"Marco F. H. Schmidt, H. Rakoczy","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198735410.013.36","url":null,"abstract":"Much empirical research on human social cognition and its development pertains to questions of how individuals understand their conspecifics in a causal-descriptive sense, that is, how they explain and predict others’ observable (behavioral) and unobservable (mental) states (e.g., epistemic or volitional states). Human social cognition, however, also entails normativity—the sense of right and wrong—in thought and action. This chapter introduces the notion of normativity and reviews developmental research on the early ontogeny of understanding, learning, and applying different types of normative phenomena (focusing on practical norms, e.g., conventional and moral norms). We report evidence that even very young children engage in rational and selective third-party norm enforcement, which suggests that they understand some important features of normativity (e.g., normative force and generality). Thus, from early on, human social cognition is not only concerned with the prediction and explanation of others’ behavior, but also with the prescription and evaluation of others’ actions—a conceptual space of reasons grounded in a psychological space of shared and collective intentionality.","PeriodicalId":395651,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition","volume":"20 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124527849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
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