Microchemical Journal最新文献

{"title":"A comparison of select smokeless tobacco and tobacco-free nicotine pouches utilizing validated methods for nicotine dissolution using the dissolution apparatus 1 and dissolution apparatus 4","authors":"Nolan D. Spann ,&nbsp;Candice K. Cunningham ,&nbsp;Taryn L. Winner ,&nbsp;Vivek Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the results of a method validation for nicotine dissolution using the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) basket apparatus (Apparatus 1). Furthermore, dissolution profiles of select oral tobacco products (OTP) and tobacco-free nicotine pouches (TFNP) were generated and compared with a validated method using the USP flow-through cell apparatus (Apparatus 4). Nicotine quantification at each fraction collection time from each apparatus was achieved using a single method of analysis. This study provides robust data for the validation of nicotine dissolution using Apparatus 1 (App1). Additionally, justification is provided for using App1 or Apparatus 4 (App4) when determining the nicotine dissolution profiles for any of the products included in this study. Lastly, nicotine release profiles generated from both apparatuses are compared using the difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2) according to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance for Industry: Dissolution testing of immediate release solid oral dose forms (FDA CDER, 1997).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of an electrochemical sensing platform based on Au(Fe)/PEDOT nanocomposite for simultaneous detection of ractopamine and clenbuterol in pork","authors":"Mingqiu Bao ,&nbsp;Yuchuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yakai Hao ,&nbsp;Huijin Chen ,&nbsp;Ruoxi Yang ,&nbsp;Ruirui Yue ,&nbsp;Xuemin Duan ,&nbsp;Jingkun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ractopamine (RAC) and clenbuterol (CL) are β-agonists and mainly used in animal husbandry to increase lean meat ratio. As their residual may cause serious food safety issues, some regions have explicitly prohibited them in food animals. In this work, Fe-doped Au nanoparticles (Au(Fe) NPs) were supported on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nano-thread ends (PEDOT NTEs) via the one-pot interfacial polymerization. An electrochemical sensing platform has been successfully fabricated for RAC and CL with limit of detection (LOD) as 0.86 μM and 0.08 μM, and linear ranges as 3–60 μM and 0.5–120 μM, respectively. The satisfactory sensing results from the dual synergy of Fe dopants and electron-rich PEDOT, in which Fe regulates the D-band electrons of Au through charge transfer. This mechanism was confirmed by density functional theory (DFT). This work may supply theoretical support for the application of rapid and on-site detection of RAC and CL in pork and other animal-derived food.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel solvents combined with two-step extraction of total flavonoids from Pueraria lobata: In-depth optimization, mechanistic investigation and antioxidant activities","authors":"Ying Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Lei ,&nbsp;Yaoyu Chen ,&nbsp;Wenyan Tang ,&nbsp;Chunyan Pang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Cheng Liu ,&nbsp;Shaocheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A green and efficient extraction technique was innovatively developed in this study, utilizing ternary deep eutectic solvent combined with in-situ ultrasonic synergistic extraction to extract total flavonoids from <em>Pueraria lobata</em>, aiming to address the drawbacks of traditional extraction methods. After systematic screening of 20 eutectic solvent systems, choline bitartrate: Lactic acid: Glycerol was recognized as the optimal solvent. A set of optimal parameters was acquired through the integrated response surface methodology-artificial neural network-genetic algorithm framework, which comprised the following conditions: 37% water content, 11 min vortex time, a liquid/solid ratio of 66:1 mL/g, 30 min ultrasonic duration, and 240 W ultrasonic power. The optimized extraction efficiency was 223.79 ± 1.89 mg/g. chemical composition identification of <em>P.lobata</em> through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry resulted in the clear identification of 15 compounds, including 14 flavonoids. Structural evidence for the successful preparation of the novel ternary deep eutectic solvent was provided by FT-IR spectroscopic analysis, while the underlying extraction mechanism was elucidated through scanning electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the TF extract demonstrated considerable antioxidant capacity across three independent assays, indicating its promising potential for development into functional health products. To summarize, a novel extraction method was developed in this study, which could be employed for extracting bioactive flavonoids from <em>P. lobata</em>. This work offered a theoretical foundation for advancing green chemistry and further developing traditional Chinese medicines with food-medicine dual properties</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of high-entropy oxide crystal structures for rapid NH3 sensing at room temperature: DFT-assisted verification of gas-sensitivity mechanisms","authors":"Rui Yang ,&nbsp;Xinmei Li ,&nbsp;Liming Jia ,&nbsp;Zhiqi Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of NH₃ is of great significance for the safety of the chemical industry, environmental quality, and human health. Traditional MOS sensors are limited by their high operating temperature and low selectivity toward NH₃. To address these challenges, this work achieves high-performance room-temperature NH₃ detection by developing novel high-entropy oxide (HEO) sensing materials with excellent properties. Combining the unique advantages of nanofibers and HEOs, such as high catalytic activity, three types of HEO nanofibers with different crystal structures: (ZnCuCoAlCr)₃O₄, (ZnCuCoNiSn)O, and ZnCoCuNiCeO₃ were successfully prepared via composite processes including electrospinning and high-temperature calcination. Systematic structural characterization and gas-sensing performance testing were conducted, and the response values of the three HEOs (with different structures) to 50 ppm NH₃ were found to be 524.9%, 1227.8%, and 1071.2%, respectively. Among them, the rock-salt structured HEO exhibits outstanding gas-sensing properties and demonstrates rapid tres and trec (&lt;10 s). Furthermore, DFT calculations indicate that rock salt HEO exhibits the strongest adsorption energy (−2.25 eV) and most pronounced charge transfer toward NH₃, which theoretically explains its excellent gas-sensing performance. This study confirms that HEO can serve as a highly promising room-temperature NH₃ sensing material, providing novel design insights for developing next-generation high-performance, low-energy-consumption gas sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple-emission output for improved color tonality discrimination via a dual-emissive Zn(II)/Eu(III) bi-ligand MOF probe toward ultrasensitive detection of tetracycline in diverse matrices","authors":"Sameera Sh. Mohammed Ameen ,&nbsp;Faisal K. Algethami ,&nbsp;Khalid M. Omer","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A triple-emission probe based on a single fluorophore entity (one-emitter design) provides inherent self-calibration, simplified synthesis, and enhanced reliability, overcoming limitations associated with dual-emitter and three-emitter designs. Additionally, precise color tonality discrimination is essential in visual-based chemical analysis, as it enables subtle yet distinguishable color changes to be reliably correlated with analyte concentration, thereby enhancing sensitivity, selectivity, and practical applicability without the need for sophisticated instrumentation. Herein, we report a single-excitation triple-emission fluorescence probe for tetracycline (TC) detection, based on a novel Zn(II)/Eu(III) bimetallic bi-ligand metal–organic framework (BiL-Zn/Eu-MOF). This dual-emissive MOF intrinsically produces blue (due to coordination-induced emission (CIE) from the ligand) and red fluorescence (due to sensitized dual-antenna effect from ligand to the Eu³⁺ nodes) under a single excitation wavelength. In the presence of TC, these blue and red emissions are simultaneously quenched, and a new green emission at 520 nm appears, yielding a distinctive triple blue–green–red tricolor fluorescence response. This multicolor response enables a ratiometric sensing strategy: the intensity ratios among the three emission peaks (blue-green-red) vary with TC concentration. The dual quenching–enhancement behavior is attributed to two concurrent processes: coordination/aggregation-induced emission (CAIE) triggered by TC binding, which intensifies the green fluorescence, and the inner filter effect (IFE) arising from TC's strong absorption, which suppresses the MOF's intrinsic blue and red emissions. Leveraging this triple-emission probe, we integrated it into both conventional fluorometric detection and smartphone-assisted visual sensing platforms, in solution and on paper substrates. Smartphone-assisted visual detection yields a limit of detection of ∼8.1 μM for TC and a linear response range from 0 to 1100 μM. Real-sample analyses (milk, water and pharmaceutical formulations) gave recoveries of 98.3–101.3%. This work demonstrates a high-performance single-MOF tricolor fluorescence sensor with practical ratiometric and visual-mode detection of antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117326"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-biomarker electrochemical immunosensor for plasma GFAP and pTau181 detection: Toward rapid and multiplexed screening of cognitive decline in stroke patients","authors":"Shang-Chi Chien ,&nbsp;Mei-Jyun Lin ,&nbsp;Mei-Yu Chang ,&nbsp;Yong-Chuan Chen ,&nbsp;Chia-Hsuan Chang ,&nbsp;Li-Chun Wang ,&nbsp;Jung-Chih Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early and accurate detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and post-stroke dementia (PSD) is challenging due to the lack of rapid, multiplexed assays for key plasma biomarkers. Both conditions share pathological features such as neuroinflammation and tauopathy. Here, we report a dual-biomarker electrochemical immunosensor capable of simultaneously detecting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and phosphorylated tau at threonine-181 (pTau181) using only 5 μL of human plasma within 30 min. The platform employs screen-printed carbon dual electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles and dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) for efficient antibody immobilization and enhanced amperometric sensitivity. Detection limits reached 9.95 pg/mL for GFAP (linear range: 100–1000 pg/mL) and 0.044 pg/mL for pTau181 (log-linear range: 0.1–1 pg/mL). Clinical testing on plasma from 54 stroke patients with suspected cognitive impairment and 20 healthy controls showed strong negative correlations with Mini-Mental State Examination scores (GFAP: rs = −0.742; pTau181: rs = −0.711; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and a positive correlation between biomarkers (rs = 0.788). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed superior diagnostic accuracy when combining both markers (AUC = 0.93) compared to single biomarkers (GFAP: 0.80; pTau181: 0.85). This rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive multiplexed sensor outperforms ELISA in terms of speed and sample efficiency. Unlike the traditional MMSE, it can effectively quantify AD progression, making it a promising tool for early screening, clinical monitoring, and large-scale studies in resource-limited settings. Registry: Institutional Review Board of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, TRN: CE24229C, Registration date: 1 July 2024.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rod-shaped zinc-based metal–organic frameworks with dual-state emission for dual-state detection of ferric ions: Sensitive point-of-care testing in food samples","authors":"Sameera Sh. Mohammed Ameen ,&nbsp;Faisal K. Algethami ,&nbsp;Khalid M. Omer","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dual-state emitters (DSEs) possess the unique ability to fluoresce in both solution and solid environments, expanding their applicability across multiple technological domains. Among sensing materials, intrinsically luminescent metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) stand out for their customizable optical characteristics, superior stability, affordability, and highly adaptable structural framework. Within this category, DSE-type MOFs represent a particularly appealing subclass, as they inherently exhibit luminescence without requiring external fluorophore encapsulation, additional functionalization, or the incorporation of luminescent linkers. Herein, we report a facile and portable sensing strategy for ferric ions (Fe³⁺) to address pressing challenges in environmental monitoring, food security, industrial control, and biomedical diagnostics. This study addresses this imperative by introducing a novel fluorescent zinc-based metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF) as a highly effective sensing assay for on-site quantification and visual identification of Fe³⁺. The synthesized Zn-MOF, characterized by a well-defined rod-like morphology, demonstrates intense and stable blue luminescence in both solid and aqueous phases.</div><div>The hybrid quenching mechanism was proposed from the synergistic interplay between specific chemical interactions, such as static complexation and the bulk Inner Filter Effect, collectively accounting for the high selectivity and sensitivity toward Fe³⁺ ions. To bridge the gap between laboratory analysis and field deployment, a sophisticated dual-mode detection methodology was engineered, encompassing standard fluorometric techniques and an instrument-free, smartphone-based colorimetric assay. This innovative approach enables precise quantification by correlating Fe³⁺ concentration with the blue channel intensity captured by a smartphone camera, yielding a linear dynamic range from 0 to 155.0 μM and an exceptionally low limit of detection (0.033 μM). The probe's exceptional practicality and reliability were unequivocally validated through the successful analysis of spiked food samples, spinach (vegetable), soybeans (seeds), and Dill (herb), underscoring its significant potential as a robust, rapid, and field-portable tool for ferric ion monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117325"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A smartphone-adapted colorimetric fluorescent probe for visual monitoring of meat/milk freshness","authors":"Yuxin Xie ,&nbsp;Yingying Xue ,&nbsp;Yatong Yang ,&nbsp;Xing Li ,&nbsp;Jinchao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhigang Niu ,&nbsp;Yonghe Tang ,&nbsp;Shenghui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food safety has attracted increasing attention, and food spoilage is a critical issue as it often leads the production of biogenic amines (BAs). In this work, a new dual-signal fluorescent probe <strong>DBP-X</strong> based on resorufin dye was designed for the detection of BAs. Through an ammonolysis reaction with BAs, the probe releases the resorufin dye, showing a pale yellow-to-pink color and intense red fluorescence. <strong>DBP-X</strong> exhibits low background, high selectivity, and excellent sensing performance. It has also been successfully tested for BAs in vapor form, yielding promising results in milk samples (spike recoveries: 91.48%–109.78%, RSD &lt; 3.42%). Leveraging this functionality, <strong>DBP-X</strong> can be integrated with a smartphone APP to assess food spoilage by analyzing color changes via RGB analysis. This probe provides consumers with a convenient tool for testing food spoilage without the need for expensive instrumentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-enabled FTIR spectroscopy for discriminating Gentiana rigescens habitat characteristics under current climate","authors":"Gang He ,&nbsp;Tao Shen ,&nbsp;Yuan-zhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Gentiana rigescens</em> Franch. ex Hemsl. (<em>G. rigescens</em>) is a well-known medicinal plant in China, which has been affected by environmental changes and human activities, and the quality of <em>G. rigescens</em> varies from different origins, which increases consumers' concerns. Therefore, this study employs Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with machine learning methods to construct a rapid, accurate, and comprehensive approach for the precise classification and identification of origin and plant part of <em>G. rigescens</em>. The results indicate that mean diurnal range, temperature seasonality, and elevation are significant factors contributing to the differences in the growth environments of <em>G. rigescens</em>. When using FTIR spectroscopy to identify the origin and parts of <em>G. rigescens</em>, the application of appropriate preprocessing (second derivative, SD) and feature extraction (Intersection) could effectively enhance the performance of the model. Transforming the FTIR spectral data preprocessed by the SD into two-dimensional correlation (2DCOS) images enabled the Residual Convolutional Neural Network (ResNet) to accurately identify the origin and parts of <em>G. rigescens</em>. The classification accuracy rates for the training set, testing set, and external validation set all reached 100.00%, with no risk of overfitting. The prediction results of the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model indicated that the moderately to highly suitable habitats for this species were mainly distributed in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains area in northwestern Yunnan. Conditions with small temperature variations and sufficient precipitation were conducive to the accumulation of the active ingredients in <em>G. rigescens</em>. This study can provide a reference for the scientific cultivation, quality evaluation, and resource conservation of <em>G. rigescens</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced dual-mode nanozyme detection of multiple heavy metal ions enabled by the hydroxyl overflow effect","authors":"Yufei Zhong ,&nbsp;Zhuqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Quan Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Sun ,&nbsp;Guining Lu ,&nbsp;Zhi Dang ,&nbsp;Lijuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Site contamination is often associated with the coexistence of multiple heavy metal ions, and their simultaneous detection remains highly challenging due to the distinct physicochemical properties of anionic and cationic species. In this study, we developed a multifunctional iron-modified mesoporous polydopamine nanozyme (<strong>MPNZ</strong>) capable of detecting both anionic Cr(VI) and cationic heavy metals, including Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II). <strong>MPNZ</strong> exhibits peroxidase-like activity enabled by Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox cycling and a hydroxyl overflow effect, catalyzing the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) for colorimetric detection of Cr(VI), with a detection limit of 60 nM. The mesoporous structure and abundant amino/imine groups facilitate strong metal ion coordination, allowing electrochemical detection of cationic species via differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV). The platform achieves excellent sensitivity, with detection limits of 12 nM for Cd(II)), 3 nM for Pb(II), 1 nM for Cu(II), and 0.3 nM for Hg(II). Application to real samples demonstrated recovery rates of 90%–110%, confirming its practical utility. This work highlights the potential of <strong>MPNZ</strong> as a versatile sensing platform, advancing the application of nanozymes for the detection of both anionic and cationic heavy metals in environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}