Microchemical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Rational design and development of an activatable probe for sensing peroxynitrite in polycystic ovary syndrome mice model","authors":"Ke-Feng Gu ,&nbsp;Fa-Ping Li ,&nbsp;Zhi-Cun Ye ,&nbsp;Xin-Yi Fang ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Gang Hu ,&nbsp;Shi-Min Tao ,&nbsp;Yang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.118013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.118013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains a significant global public health challenge, characterized by complex endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions. In this study, we developed <strong>HD-ONOO</strong>, a novel hemicyanine-based fluorescent probe specifically engineered for the real-time and highly selective detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), a critical biomarker associated with PCOS pathogenesis. Upon interaction with ONOO⁻, the probe undergoes selective activation, resulting in a profound enhancement of both absorption and fluorescence intensity. This activatable response exhibits a robust linear correlation with ONOO⁻ concentration, achieving a remarkably low detection limit of 0.03 μM. Cellular imaging demonstrated that <strong>HD-ONOO</strong> reliably monitors endogenous ONOO⁻ fluctuations in OVCAR3 cells, highlighting its potential for early diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of disease progression. Furthermore, <em>in vivo</em> and <em>ex vivo</em> evaluations using PCOS mouse models and their serum revealed significantly elevated fluorescence signals compared to healthy controls, underscoring the probe's efficacy in PCOS risk assessment. With exceptional selectivity and high stability under physiological conditions, <strong>HD-ONOO</strong> emerges as a powerful tool for non-invasive, real-time biochemical monitoring and the facilitation of early therapeutic interventions in PCOS-related research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 118013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147652509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of novel azobenzene derivative/calcium niobate nanocomposites for simultaneous electrochemical detection of adenine, guanine, and uric acid","authors":"Xia Wu ,&nbsp;Li Dong ,&nbsp;Huiqi Du ,&nbsp;Jing Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Tong ,&nbsp;Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Lanjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Huiping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study presents a novel 2D layered nanocomposite, C₃F₇-azo⁺/Ca₂Nb₃O₁₀⁻, synthesized by ion exchange. This innovative nanocomposite uniquely combines the electroactive properties of C₃F₇-azo⁺Br⁻ with the structural stability and ion exchange ability of KCa₂Nb₃O₁₀, resulting in a material with superior electrochemical performance. Characterization of the composite was performed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrochemical assays revealed that the azobenzene derivatives/calcium niobate nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode could respectively detect uric acid, adenine, and guanine, and the detection limits were 0.23 μM, 0.25 μM, and 0.16 μM for UA, G, and A in the ranges 0.50–19.60 μM, 0.75–16.10 μm, and 0.65–9.10 μM, respectively. Further tests in serum samples demonstrated recoveries of 98.2–102.7% for the biomolecules, with relative standard deviations of 1.94–5.48%. The enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of this nanocomposite make it a promising candidate for advanced electrochemical sensors, especially in biomedical applications where precise detection of biomolecules is crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for kaempferol based on a Co3O4-CoMoO4-MWCNT nanocomposite","authors":"Qingtong Li ,&nbsp;Hang Xu ,&nbsp;Mengge Duan ,&nbsp;Haifei Yu ,&nbsp;Chunjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Ge Yu ,&nbsp;Haijun Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel electrochemical sensor based on a composite of Co₃O₄, CoMoO₄, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for highly sensitive and selective detection of kaempferol (KAE). The composite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method and thoroughly characterized. Its morphology and microstructure were examined in detail. The electrochemical performance was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The modified electrode demonstrated superior catalytic activity and strong anti-interference capability. It also showed excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and remarkable stability. It exhibited a wide linear detection range (0.05–9.48 μM and 9.48–46.48 μM) with an ultra-low detection limit of 0.02 μM (S/N = 3). Spike recovery tests of KAE in real samples yielded recoveries ranging from 98.79% to 101.69% in safflower and from 96.18% to 99.76% in equisetum. These results confirm the accuracy and practicality of the proposed method. This work provides a reliable and efficient strategy for the rapid detection of bioactive flavonoids in pharmaceutical analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical sensor analysis of catalase (CAT) in delaying skeletal muscle aging during endurance exercise: GLUT4 protein molecule improves glucose and lipid metabolism","authors":"Xu Ruonan ,&nbsp;Wu Xiaojun ,&nbsp;Hou Weihua ,&nbsp;Xu Dejiu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research aims to explore the key regulatory mechanism of catalase (CAT) in this process. With the intensification of population aging, the functional degeneration related to muscle aging has become a major public health issue, and the imbalance of oxidative stress is its core pathological link. Against this backdrop, electrochemical sensors, as an important tool in medical testing, have demonstrated significant application value in the real-time and in situ monitoring of reactive oxygen species (such as H₂O₂) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes due to their high sensitivity, rapid response, and suitability for complex biological sample detection. Based on the existing research, this paper systematically reviews the current development status of electrochemical sensing technology in medical testing, and focuses on analyzing its technical paths in the assessment of CAT activity and the dynamic detection of H₂O₂, including the design principles and performance characteristics of non-enzymatic sensors based on nanomaterial-modified electrodes and immobilized enzyme biosensors. The study shows that electrochemical methods can effectively overcome the limitations of traditional spectrophotometry, which is susceptible to interference and difficult to continuously monitor, and provide quantitative and dynamic assessment methods for the redox state of muscle tissue or body fluids. In the endurance exercise intervention model, this technology can assist in revealing the correlation between the upregulation of CAT expression induced by exercise and the improvement of H₂O₂ clearance efficiency, thereby objectively reflecting the improvement of the body's antioxidant capacity. Therefore, electrochemical sensors not only provide reliable technical support for the study of the mechanism of skeletal muscle aging, but also have the potential to be transformed into clinical point-of-care testing (POCT) and wearable health monitoring, and are expected to become an important tool for the early screening of metabolic diseases in the elderly and the evaluation of the effectiveness of exercise interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review of electro–optical–piezoelectric CA15-3 biosensors: A New Era of saliva testing, point of care, hybrid readouts, and AI-assisted analysis","authors":"Karim G. Mohammed ,&nbsp;El-Sayed M. Mahdy ,&nbsp;Maryam Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Safwat A. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Mona S. Abdellateif ,&nbsp;Mohamed Essameldin Abdelgawad ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Attia","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) remains a widely used biomarker for breast cancer monitoring, yet conventional immunoassays are centralized and poorly suited to routine, patient-friendly testing. This review provides a comprehensive bibliographic, clinically directed synthesis of electrochemical platforms (voltammetric, impedimetric, amperometric, and potentiometric) and optical systems (fluorescence/electrochemiluminescence, SPR/LSPR, including fiber-based designs, SERS, and colorimetry), as well as a concise coverage of piezoelectric biosensors under realistic sample conditions. We investigate emerging hybrid/dual-mode sensor technologies that self-validate in real time and multiplexed panels pairing CA15-3 with markers such as HER2, CEA, CA125, or MUC1 to address biological variations. A special focus is placed on non-invasive saliva testing and point-of-care deployment, including phone-connected readers (Bluetooth or NFC) and compact fiber/chip-scale optics, which enable minutes-scale processing outside the testing facility. We examine digital/AI analytics for preprocessing, spectral decoding, drift control, and telehealth reporting while considering the practical challenges of substrate reproducibility, fabrication complexity, and instrumentation. We offer a comprehensive, decision-oriented comparison of recent biosensors that summarizes performance, tested matrix, and key advantages and limitations to guide method selection. We conclude with a clinically focused roadmap that prioritizes transferability by requiring uniform, manufacturable substrates, disciplined immobilization and antifouling of biorecognition elements, matrix-matched validation in serum, plasma, and saliva, locked reader settings with on-device quality control, and externally validated machine-learning pipelines. Finally, we outline how CA15-3 future direction will develop from a retrospective laboratory marker into a dependable, real-time signal for decentralized, individualized cancer care through wearables, smartphone integration, and “tattoo-like” sensors for ongoing monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of eugenol macromolecular structure and anticancer effect using electrochemical sensor: Mechanisms of promoting apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via ROS pathway","authors":"Haoting Ye ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Wu ,&nbsp;Zhiru Chen ,&nbsp;Jiayu Huang ,&nbsp;Qiuqiong Liu ,&nbsp;Qiuxiao Lin ,&nbsp;Qinghua Mei ,&nbsp;Siwei Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The clinical treatment of pancreatic cancer is confronted with problems such as high recurrence rate and limited efficacy of chemotherapy drugs. It is of great significance to search for highly efficient and low-toxicity natural anti-cancer compounds. Eugenol, as the core bioactive phenolic component of cloves, is endowed with unique biological activity by the phenolic hydroxyl, methoxy and allyl groups in its macromolecular structure. Electrochemical sensors, with their high sensitivity and real-time quantitative advantages, have become key tools for analyzing the structural-activity relationship between its structure and activity. This study aims to clarify the structural characteristics of eugenol macromolecules by means of electrochemical sensor technology and reveal its mechanism of anti-pancreatic cancer action. The electrochemical activity of eugenol and its correlation with macromolecular structure were systematically characterized by using electrochemical sensor techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Combined with CCK8 method, flow cytometry, Western blotting and nude mouse transplanted tumor model, its anti-pancreatic cancer effect in vivo and in vitro was explored. The results show that the electrochemical sensor detection clearly indicates that the phenolic hydroxyl group is the core electrochemical active site of eugenol. The methoxy group increases its electron cloud density through conjugation effect, and the allyl group enhances liposoluble. The three groups work together to promote the accumulation of ROS triggered by high-concentration eugenol (micro-molar level). It was further confirmed that eugenol disrupted the antioxidant system by down-regulating SOD and GSS, induced apoptosis of PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells through the mitochondrial pathway mediated by ROS, and this effect could be reversed by NAC and Trolox, while significantly inhibiting the growth of transplanted tumors in nude mice. Electrochemical sensors provide direct technical support for the correlation analysis between the structure of eugenol and its anti-pancreatic cancer activity. Eugenol exerts its anti-pancreatic cancer effect through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and is a highly potential candidate compound for anti-pancreatic cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivette swab-based pipette-tip microextraction for the HPLC determination of urinary PDE5 inhibitors","authors":"Christina Patakidou,&nbsp;Constantinos K. Zacharis","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel pipette tip microextraction (PT-μE) device based on the biocompatible Salivette® material was developed for the determination of three phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) – namely sildenafil, avanafil and vardenafil – in human urine samples. Although Salivette® swabs are commercially available for salivary cortisol collection, they were successfully repurposed as extraction sorbents within a pipette-tip configuration. The proposed PT-μE device offers a simple, rapid, and cost-effective analytical workflow requiring less than 7 min per analysis. Critical experimental parameters affecting extraction efficiency were systematically optimized, and analyte separation was achieved by HPLC-UV. Adsorption experiments were performed to estimate the adsorption capacity of the sorbent. The tip-to-tip reproducibility was less than 11%. The method was validated according to standard performance criteria, demonstrating satisfactory selectivity, linearity (100–2000 ng/mL), accuracy (88.6–114.3%), precision (&lt; 11.9%), LODs (22–31 ng/mL), and robustness. Method greenness was evaluated using the unified green analytical procedure index (MA tool), confirming its environmentally benign character. The applicability of the method was verified through the successful quantification of sildenafil in authentic urine samples collected from a volunteer following oral administration of a commercial tablet. The developed approach represents an efficient, sustainable, and versatile tool for the rapid monitoring of PDE5Is in biological matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction-free colorimetric detection of lipopolysaccharide from Vibrio parahaemolyticus using in situ silver deposition","authors":"Junjie Qiu ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Li ,&nbsp;Saikun Pan ,&nbsp;Wenbin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The analysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expression in gram negative bacteria currently relies on time-consuming and laborious extraction and detection steps. Herein, we report an extraction-free, <em>in situ</em> colorimetric assay based on silver deposition suitable for the detection of LPS. This method has been used to characterize LPS production in <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> (VP) under various environmental conditions, which was validated by SDS-PAGE silver staining and immunoblotting. Our results showed that LPS formed a brown deposit with a characteristic ag absorption peak at 430 nm after silver deposition, which was not observed for capsular polysaccharide or proteins. The silver absorption intensity exhibited a strong positive correlation with the LPS concentration (50–330 μg/mL). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the direct deposition of ag on both free LPS and the bacterial cell surface. The <em>in situ</em> silver staining results were consistent with those obtained using traditional methods to evaluate the LPS production of VP under different environmental conditions. This extraction-free approach facilitated the rapid, reliable assessment of LPS production levels in bacteria and LPS mutant strains, providing a practical alternative to conventional extraction-based methods</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diluted nitric acid as an effective extractant for environmentally available arsenic in soil with minimal species transformation","authors":"Won Jung Ju ,&nbsp;Haeun Kim ,&nbsp;Ji-In Kim ,&nbsp;Goontaek Lee ,&nbsp;Jinsung An ,&nbsp;Eun Hea Jho","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenic (As) contamination in soils poses significant environmental and health risks, and its toxicity strongly depends on its inorganic species, arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)]. Accurate identification and quantification of these species are essential; however, most existing extraction methods target total As and often lack the selectivity to distinguish between As(III) and As(V). Moreover, these approaches can induce species transformation during extraction, limiting their reliability for environmental assessments. This study aims to evaluate and validate an extraction method that minimizes species alteration while accurately reflecting environmentally available inorganic As in soil. Six different extraction methods were compared, and As speciation was analyzed using liquid chromatography linked to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS). Among them, 0.43 M HNO₃-extracted As species closely matched those identified through X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS), validating the method's accuracy in preserving As speciation. The influence of soil minerals such as goethite, hematite, MnO₂, and FeS was investigated. While most minerals had minimal effect on As stability, the presence of specific minerals such as MnO₂ and FeS was found to affect As stability during extraction, which may influence the applicability of this method in certain soil types. Furthermore, storage conditions were assessed, revealing that As speciation remained stable over 30 d, reinforcing the robustness of the extraction method. Overall, this study demonstrates that 0.43 M HNO₃ is an effective extractant for assessing environmentally available As(III) and As(V) in soil, with minimal species transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-performance quinoxaline-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypochlorous acid monitoring and bioimaging in food and biological systems","authors":"Chunpo Ge,&nbsp;Zhipeng Sai,&nbsp;Ke You,&nbsp;Jingjing Xu,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wang,&nbsp;Pengcheng Zhang,&nbsp;Zhijun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a biologically significant reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochlorous acid (HClO) fulfills dual and critical roles within host defense systems, industrial disinfection, and water treatment. However, its excessive use poses risks to environmental safety, food quality, and human health. There is therefore an urgent need for efficient methods to monitor HClO in complex environments and living systems. In this work, we developed a high-performance ratiometric fluorescent probe, <strong>SP</strong> ((E)-O-(4-(2-(4-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)dimethylcarbamothioate). This probe exhibits a specific ratiometric fluorescence response to HClO, featuring fast response (&lt;1 min), high sensitivity (LOD = 48.89 nM), a broad pH tolerance (3–9), and excellent biocompatibility. In practical applications, <strong>SP,</strong> real-time visualization of intracellular HClO, whether of endogenous or exogenous origin, is achieved in living onion epidermal cells, wheat roots, and zebrafish. Moreover, portable test strips based on SP allow rapid, instrument-free visual detection of HClO in water samples. Significantly, visual tracking of HClO in frozen seafood has been successfully demonstrated using SP. This methodology thereby furnishes a dependable and user-friendly tool for HClO monitoring within the domains of food safety and biological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}