Microchemical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Nanomaterial-based sensors for heavy metal ions analysis","authors":"Dong-Mei Liu ,&nbsp;Chen Dong ,&nbsp;Hai-Long Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metal ions (HMIs) are one of the main causes of environmental pollution, which has become a global epidemic. The rapid, sensitive and reliable HMIs analysis is urgently needed due to their serious threats to human health and the environment. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials provide more opportunities for HMIs analysis. To date, many efforts have been made to develop nanomaterial-based sensors for HMIs detection. These nanosensors offer several advantages including high sensitivity, selectivity, portability and on-site detection ability. Here, various nanomaterial-based sensors including optical, electrochemical and electronic sensors for HMIs detection are outlined. The roles of nanomaterials in the optical, electrochemical and electronic sensors are highlighted, and the examples and comparisons of these nanosensors for HMIs detection are provided. Furthermore, to meet the on-site detection, portable sensors are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex sensing of chlorine species in water: challenges and future perspectives: A mini-review","authors":"M.A. Diab ,&nbsp;Waqed H. Hassan ,&nbsp;Mumtaj Shah ,&nbsp;Heba A. El-Sabban ,&nbsp;Kwang-Hyun Baek","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although essential for effective water disinfection, chlorine, and its derivatives are challenging to monitor due to their high reactivity and the potential formation of hazardous byproducts. This review explores the state-of-the-art in chlorine species detection in water systems, emphasizing cutting-edge sensor technologies such as optical, electrochemical, and lab-on-a-chip platforms. In complicated water matrices, incorporating intelligent microfluidic sensors has greatly improved real-time, multi-target detection, offering remarkable sensitivity and accuracy. The review looks at solutions including hybrid sensing systems and self-cleaning technologies to solve important problems such as sensor fouling, cross-reactivity, and long-term stability. With an emphasis on conforming to strict and changing regulatory criteria, sustainable sensor design and using environmentally friendly materials in future water monitoring are also covered. In a regulatory environment that is changing quickly, these insights are essential for enhancing chlorine detection techniques, guaranteeing safe and dependable water supplies, and reducing environmental effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidase-mimicking nanozymes: Bridging advanced materials with smart biosensors","authors":"Yunying Wang,&nbsp;Yun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidase-like nanozymes have emerged as transformative artificial enzymes with remarkable advantages in biosensing, offering catalytic autonomy, tunable reactivity, and enhanced stability. These nanomaterials have revolutionized detection technologies across biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and food safety, enabling rapid, cost-effective, and on-site analysis via colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical platforms. Despite their promise, several challenges remain, including limited substrate specificity in complex biological matrices, insufficient understanding of the active sites, and scalability concerns, which currently impede broader adoption. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the catalytic mechanisms, material innovations, and interdisciplinary applications of oxidase-mimicking nanozymes, focusing on strategies to overcome these limitations. It highlights recent advancements in elemental doping, surface engineering, and hybrid nanostructures to enhance catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, innovative applications such as artificial intelligence (AI)-driven nanozyme discovery, wearable diagnostics, and synergistic disease therapies are explored. By integrating machine learning with high-throughput screening, the rational design of multifunctional nanozymes is advanced. The review also emphasizes the transformative potential of these materials in emerging fields like real-time health monitoring through smart textiles and anti-inflammatory nanotherapeutics. This work consolidates the state-of-the-art and outlines a roadmap for oxidase-mimicking nanozyme to bridge advanced materials with smart biosensors in the emergent interdisciplinary fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart sensing for cholesterol quantification: integrating AI, IoT, and emerging technologies in coronary artery disease risk management","authors":"Kavita Manekar ,&nbsp;Madhusudan B. Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Meghana A. Hasamnis","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coronary artery disease (CAD), primarily caused by high cholesterol levels, continues to be a major contributor to death across the globe. Despite the availability of traditional laboratory-based cholesterol detection methods, these approaches are often limited by high costs, time consumption, the need for skilled personnel, and incompatibility with point-of-care (POC) applications, underscoring the urgent need for innovative, accessible, and rapid diagnostic tools. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of emerging smart bio-sensing technologies tailored for all lipid biomarkers, including cholesterol detection, focusing on integrating artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and advanced biosensing platforms. It explores the latest developments in electrochemical, optical, microfluidic, and wearable biosensors, evaluating their performance in sensitivity, specificity, miniaturization, and real-time data acquisition. Emphasis is placed on the role of nanomaterials, lab-on-chip systems, aptamer-based sensing, and field-effect transistor (FET) architectures in enhancing detection accuracy and portability. A unique feature of this review is the material-centric classification of biosensors, linking substrate choices to cost, flexibility, and POC suitability. Furthermore, integrating AI/ML algorithms and IoT connectivity for data processing, remote monitoring, and predictive analytics is highlighted as a transformative trend in next-generation diagnostics. The review also addresses commercialization pathways, regulatory considerations, and user-centric design principles for translating lab innovations into scalable, accessible solutions. By bridging biosensing innovations with digital technologies, this review outlines a strategic roadmap for deploying smart, connected, and personalized Cholesterol monitoring systems for effective CAD risk management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in biosensor strategies for detecting foodborne pathogens via enzyme-assisted isothermal amplification","authors":"Yaxin Huang ,&nbsp;Yumeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Kui Yang,&nbsp;Baolin Li,&nbsp;Guangrong Li,&nbsp;Jinbo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food safety is a major global public health concern that requires rapid and accurate detection of foodborne pathogens to prevent and control related diseases. While traditional culture methods offer high accuracy, they suffer from drawbacks such as time-consuming procedures and low sensitivity. In recent years, molecular detection technologies like PCR have improved efficiency, yet their heavy reliance on specialized equipment limits application in primary healthcare and field settings. Isothermal amplification techniques have gained attention for their simplicity and independence from thermal cycling requirements. When combined with CRISPR/Cas systems and functional nucleic acids, these approaches broaden detection to both nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid targets. Concurrently, the integration of nanomaterials and microfluidic technologies has endowed biosensing platforms with diverse signal output modes. Nevertheless, achieving low-cost, highly sensitive, and specific detection for clinical and practical applications remains challenging. This review summarizes the fundamental principles and primary limitations of enzyme-dependent isothermal amplification techniques, along with their progress in constructing diverse biosensors. It focuses on detection strategies for <em>Salmonella</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, aiming to provide technical support and research references for food safety monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115473"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of bioactives from Eleutherococcus senticosus using deep eutectic solvents: Optimization and α-glucosidase inhibitory assessment","authors":"Lin Yan ,&nbsp;Xu Jia ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Shuang Jiang ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Purpose: This study aimed to optimize the extraction of bioactive compounds from <em>Eleutherococcus senticosus</em> using deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (DES-UAE), while simultaneously evaluating the method's greenness through the Analytical Eco-Scale and evaluate its potential antidiabetic and cardioprotective effects. Methods: Eleven DESs were screened, and the choline chloride/lactic acid system was optimized using response surface methodology for extracting four target compounds. <em>In vitro</em> experiments were conducted to evaluate the extract's α-glucosidase inhibition activity and its cardioprotective effects on H9c2 cells. Results: The optimized DES-UAE process achieved a score of 83 in the green chemistry evaluation, demonstrating good environmental compatibility. The obtained <em>Eleutherococcus senticosus</em> extract yielded a total active component content of 4.88 ± 0.01 mg/g and exhibited significant cardioprotective effects in cell experiments, with the 50 μg/mL group showing the most pronounced protection against palmitic acid-induced H9c2 cell injury. Further analysis identified syringin as the key active component responsible for this cardioprotective effect. In addition, the extract displayed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, suggesting its potential use as a nutraceutical adjunct rather than a pharmaceutical equivalent. Conclusion: DES-UAE is an efficient method for extracting pharmacologically active compounds from <em>E. senticosus</em>, with promising antidiabetic and cardioprotective potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the hematocrit in dried blood microsamples: Where are we at?","authors":"Liesl Heughebaert ,&nbsp;Laura Boffel ,&nbsp;Christophe P. Stove","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hematocrit (Hct)-related effects remain a major barrier to the widespread application and implementation of dried blood microsampling, particularly for quantitative dried blood spot (DBS)-based analysis. While previous work has focused mainly on analytical strategies to avoid or minimize the Hct effect – such as whole spot analysis and the use of dried plasma spots – more recently, multiple approaches to estimate or measure the Hct (directly) from dried blood microsamples have been put forward, mainly based on the measurement of surrogate biomarkers such as potassium or hemoglobin. Determination of the Hct of a dried blood microsample not only allows correction of the analytical results (owing to Hct-dependent analytical biases), but also supports physiological interpretation when blood-to-plasma conversion is dependent on the Hct. The latter is an essential step for clinical application when reference ranges are serum- or plasma-based. This review therefore provides an overview of current strategies aimed at addressing the Hct-based issues in dried blood microsampling, with a specific focus on surrogate biomarker-based methods to estimate the Hct from DBS and/or volumetric absorptive microsampling samples. In addition, other methods, for example, image-based analysis, to estimate the Hct or to mitigate specific Hct-related biases are briefly summarized. Finally, future perspectives, including the remaining hurdles for the successful implementation of dried blood microsampling in practice, are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of machine learning technology on the development of electrochemical, optical, and image analysis-based methods for biomedical, food, and environmental analysis","authors":"Mohammad Mahtab Alam ,&nbsp;Hussein Ali Al-Bahrani ,&nbsp;Oygul Khujaniyozova ,&nbsp;Fattma A. Ali ,&nbsp;Djamila Polatova ,&nbsp;Dilafruz Kholmurodova ,&nbsp;Rustamkhon Kuryazov ,&nbsp;Mahdi Alsalim ,&nbsp;Shakhnoza Kuldasheva ,&nbsp;Nihad A.M. Al-Rashedi ,&nbsp;Natavan Karamova ,&nbsp;Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid ,&nbsp;Yasser Fakri Mustafa ,&nbsp;Dilbar Urazbaeva","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biosensors have revolutionized medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Despite their high potential, challenges such as sensitivity in complex matrices (e.g., blood), high costs, and lengthy development processes remain. Machine learning (ML) as a transformative solution uses data-driven insights to optimize sensor design, predict probe-target interactions, and reduce laboratory burden. This study examines the role of advanced ML algorithms in the development of analytical biosensors and analyzes their impact on improving their analytical functions. According to the key findings of this review, the integration of ML with biosensors has led to significant achievements, including a significant increase in detection accuracy in imaging-based systems, a reduction in development costs through design optimization, and a reduction in development time from months to weeks. The study also analyzes successful applications of ML across a wide range of biosensor platforms, including electrochemical, optical, and image analysis-based methods in the diagnosis of cancer, pharmaceutical analysis, food analysis, etc. This paper also analyzes the main challenges and limitations in integrating ML technology with biosensor development. These challenges include the urgent need for comprehensive and high-quality training datasets, interpretability issues of complex deep learning models, challenges related to transferring computational findings to the laboratory environment, and issues related to scalability of these solutions. We critically examine these obstacles and discuss potential solutions to overcome them. Finally, this comprehensive analysis can provide a valuable basis for the development of the next generation of intelligent and accurate diagnostic systems in the fields of medicine, environment, and food industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micellar systems for sustainable applications in environmental and chemical analysis","authors":"Faisal K. Algethami ,&nbsp;Alaa Bedair ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Hamed ,&nbsp;Fotouh R. Mansour","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micellar systems have emerged as powerful tools in analytical chemistry, providing environmentally friendly and versatile alternatives for separation and detection. This review explores the potential of micelles across various analytical platforms, with a particular focus on green chemistry practices. This article focuses on micellar behavior in separation techniques such as micellar liquid chromatography (MLC), and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). It highlights the roles and mechanisms of micelles including surfactant adsorption, admicelle formation, and analyte partitioning. In addition, the review discusses the role of micellar systems in enhancing performance across multiple techniques, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, phosphorescence, and chemiluminescence. Key benefits of micelles are highlighted, such as improved analyte solubility, reduced toxicity, enhanced selectivity, and minimized use of hazardous solvents. Environmental advantages, such as biodegradability, solvent reduction, and lower waste generation, are also emphasized. By presenting a comprehensive analysis of current applications, challenges, and design strategies, this review supports the growing adoption of micellar systems as cost-effective, green, and adaptable solutions. Future developments are anticipated to further extend their use in pharmaceutical, environmental, and food analysis, providing sustainable alternatives to traditional methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescence-based sensors for environmental monitoring of small hazardous molecules: Recent trends and future prospects","authors":"Abrar Hussain ,&nbsp;Rana Wajid Ejaz ,&nbsp;Syed Kumail Hussain Naqvi ,&nbsp;Chandni Gull ,&nbsp;Khurram Shahzad ,&nbsp;Tahreem Gull ,&nbsp;Shahzaib Akhter ,&nbsp;Khaled Chawraba ,&nbsp;Muhammad Arfan ,&nbsp;Sang Hyun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorescence-based sensors have gained significant prominence as versatile tools for monitoring hazardous small pollutants in environmental, aqueous, vapor, and biological systems. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in the design, mechanisms, and applications of fluorescence-based probes for the detection of critical pollutants such as hydrazine, nitrosamines, aromatic amines, ethanolamine (ETA), acetone, thiophenols, pesticides, and pharmaceutical residues. Particular emphasis is placed on key sensing mechanisms, including photoinduced electron transfer (PET), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), aggregation-induced emission (AIE), excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), and ratiometric modulation, highlighting how these principles underpin sensitivity and selectivity. Recent innovations involving small-molecule fluorophores, nanocomposites, and metal–organic frameworks are critically evaluated, with attention to their performance metrics, environmental applicability, and biocompatibility. Comparative analyses reveal significant improvements in detection limits (often reaching nanomolar levels), response times, and selectivity, while persistent challenges include photostability, reversibility, interference in complex matrices, and vapor-phase detection. Emerging integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is also discussed as a transformative approach for sensor optimization and data interpretation. By consolidating mechanistic insights, application domains, and future prospects, this review serves as a resource for guiding the rational design of next-generation fluorescence-based sensors toward real-world deployment in environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}