Microchemical Journal最新文献

{"title":"ZnCo(OH)F-derived ZnCo2O4/MWCNTs composite for sensitive detection of 4-nitrophenol","authors":"Shukai Zhang ,&nbsp;Linghui Cao ,&nbsp;Aijuan Xie,&nbsp;Shiping Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>4-Nitrophenol (4-NP), a hazardous chemical compound, presents significant risks to ecological balance, public well-being, and the integrity of the food supply chain. Consequently, the development of detection techniques characterized by both efficiency and precision is of utmost importance. In the present work, ZnCo(OH)F/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite was synthesized through a hydrothermal approach, followed by a high-temperature annealing process to transform them into ZnCo₂O₄/MWCNTs tailored for electrochemical sensing of 4-NP. The integration of MWCNTs during the fabrication process induced a pronounced synergistic interaction between ZnCo₂O₄ and MWCNTs, leading to a substantial enhancement in the electrochemical performance of the composite. The ZnCo₂O₄/MWCNTs-based sensors exhibit notable benefits, including an expanded electrochemically active surface area, superior electrical conductivity, and exceptional selectivity. Under optimized experimental parameters (S/N = 3), the sensor exhibited a broad linear detection range (0.5–600 μM), coupled with a lower limit of detection of 0.026 μM. When used on real samples, the sensor showed recovery rates of 98.79 %–100.47 %, indicating its feasibility for practical use in environmental monitoring and food safety evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 114612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel economical adsorbents employed as stationary phases in column chromatography for pollution removal","authors":"Wahran M. Saod ,&nbsp;M. Sirhan Muthana ,&nbsp;Houmady Hanan Yousif ,&nbsp;D. Saleh Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study is to fabricate activated carbon (AC) and medium-pore silica (mSiO₂) as economical adsorbents which is used as stationary phases in column chromatography for removing methylene blue (MB) dye from wastewater. Firstly, AC and MB were characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, and SEM techniques. The evaluation of the outstanding adsorption ability of AC with the distinct characteristics of mSiO₂, such as its large surface area and pore volume, to remove methylene blue (MB). The findings indicate removal efficiency: mSiO₂ attained a peak removal rate of 95.50 % at a flow rate of 5 mL/min and a dye concentration of 5–25 μg/mL, whereas AC showed superior efficiency (97 %) under the same conditions. The heterogeneous surface of mSiO₂ is more effectively described by Freundlich. Langmuir occurs for AC, suggesting monolayer adsorption. The adsorption of MB on AC and mSiO₂ displays pseudo-second-order kinetics, showing chemisorption processes. Due to their cost-effectiveness, higher performance, and low chemical waste production, both materials offer a viable and sustainable approach to wastewater treatment from MB. This process matches with environmental sustainability objectives and provides a scalable to remove other contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 114636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of alkaline phosphatase via a paper-based flow sensor constructed by cytidine-H3BO3 supramolecular hydrogels","authors":"Junjie Ren ,&nbsp;Ruotong Li ,&nbsp;Jinpeng Liu ,&nbsp;Xuezhi Qiao ,&nbsp;Qiongzheng Hu ,&nbsp;Li Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a critical biomarker for blood-related diseases, with significant implications in the fields of medicine and biological research; hence, precise detection of ALP is indispensable. Herein, we report the development of a novel paper-based flow sensor for detecting ALP by utilizing Ag⁺ as a cross-linking agent to create cytidine-boric acid (H₃BO₃) supramolecular hydrogels that immobilize water within the gel matrix. Upon introduction of <span>l</span>-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AAP), ALP specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of AAP to ascorbic acid (AA), triggering the reduction of Ag⁺ to Ag⁰. This reaction disrupts the hydrogel system, enabling water to flow along the pH indicator strip. The quantification of both the coverage area of water flow on the pH indicator strip and the volume of the upper aqueous solution after centrifugation enables for the execution of an ALP assay. Notably, this method employing pH indicator strips eliminates the need for complex equipment, achieves a low detection threshold as low as 3.1 mU/mL, and exhibits high specificity levels. Furthermore, the method's applicability has been validated through the effective detection of ALP in serum samples. To summarize, this approach presents a straightforward, cost-effective, and user-friendly system for ALP detection without requiring sophisticated sensors or costly equipment and it holds significant promise for future uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 114563"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen and sulfur doped graphene quantum dots as a fluorometric paper-based sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of mercury ions in aqueous samples","authors":"Puttaraksa Naksen ,&nbsp;Piyathida Khamlam ,&nbsp;Pongtanawat Khemthong ,&nbsp;Nuttapon Yodsin ,&nbsp;Jakkapop Phanthasri ,&nbsp;Saran Youngjan ,&nbsp;Akarapong Prakobkij ,&nbsp;Nattasa Kitchawengkul ,&nbsp;Siriporn Jungsuttiwong ,&nbsp;Anchalee Samphao ,&nbsp;Purim Jarujamrus","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury ions (Hg²⁺) are toxic contaminants in the food industry and environment, posing severe health risks, including Minamata disease. Rapid and reliable on-site detection methods for Hg²⁺ in food and environmental samples are crucial. This study presents nitrogen and sulfur doped graphene quantum dots (N, S-GQDs) as fluorescent sensors for the detection of Hg²⁺. The N, S-GQDs were synthesized in only 5 min from citric acid and L-cysteine through rapid heating. The identification of carboxyl, hydroxyl, thiol, and amine groups, along with specific elemental compositions, was achieved through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques. These analyses verified the successful doping of nitrogen and sulfur into the GQD framework and highlighted their strong interaction capabilities with Hg²⁺ ions. The paper-based sensor exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity, with a linear range of 0.1–10.0 μg/L and a limit of detection of 0.048 μg/L, yielding strong fluorescence responses to Hg²⁺. Testing in real water and food samples further validates its effectiveness, yielding results consistent with those obtained using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) validation. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated high selectivity for Hg²⁺ over twelve metal cations and six anions. These paper-based sensors, modified with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are cost-effective, biodegradable, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly due to the abundance of paper material. PAHs reduce the paper's pore size and facilitate π-π stacking interactions between the hexagonal rings of PAHs and the graphene sheet of N, S-GQDs. This improves particle dispersion, minimizes aggregation, and helps maintain the fluorescence stability of N, S-GQDs. Therefore, it is highly promising for practical trace Hg²⁺ analysis in water and food.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 114623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An eco-friendly approach developed for the microextraction of N-nitrosamines in water and beverage samples with deep eutectic solvent and multivariate optimization","authors":"Luciane Effting ,&nbsp;Francielle Crocetta Turazzi ,&nbsp;Natália Zardo ,&nbsp;Diego Galvan ,&nbsp;Eduardo Carasek","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N-nitrosamines are a class of environmental and beverage contaminants known for their carcinogenic potential in humans. In this study, a deep eutectic solvent was employed in hollow fiber microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction for the determination and quantification of six nitrosamines (N-nitrosopyrrolidine, N-nitrosomethylethylamine, N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, and N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine) in water and beverages by high-performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection. The deep eutectic solvent was selected using a univariate strategy, while the subsequent steps were optimized through multivariate approaches. A simplex-centroid design with a process variable was employed to optimize the solvent mixture and desorption time, whereas a Box-Behnken design was used to optimize pH, NaCl concentration, and extraction time. The optimized conditions were comprised of levulinic acid: thymol (1:1) as extractor solvent; a mixture of 45 μL of methanol, 111 μL of ultrapure water, and 144 μL of ethanol was used as desorption solvent, and the desorption time was fixed at 20.4 min; and extraction time last 31.5 min, at pH 3.9 and 8.5 % (<em>w</em>/<em>v</em>) of NaCl. For all curves in ultrapure water, ANOVA values were statistically validated. LODs and LOQs were 3.3 and 10 μg L⁻¹ for all analytes. Intraday and interday precision ranged from 2.3 % to 18.3 % and 5.2 % to 19.7 %, respectively. The relative recoveries were obtained in vinegar samples, and the range was 74.2 % to 119.2 %. Five samples, collected from a river, a lagoon, and three beverages, were analyzed using the proposed methodology. The analyte concentrations were not detected in these samples or were lower than the LOQ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 114621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-free and label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on EDC and HCR for the detection of T-2 toxin in food","authors":"Mengbo Wang ,&nbsp;Yunzhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Congyan Qi ,&nbsp;Xin Lu ,&nbsp;Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>T-2 is toxic to human and animals, ingestion of T-2 can cause acute toxic symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and fever, which can lead to multiple organ failure or even death. Based on the entropy-driven catalysis (EDC) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR), we designed an enzyme-free and label-free electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive T-2 detection in food at low cost. The T-chain was released due to the binding of T-2 to the aptamer, which triggered the EDC to release the O-chain, which opened the hairpin H1 fixed on the electrode surface and triggered the HCR to produce long double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which produced a significantly enhanced current after immersing the electrode in methylene blue (MB) solution. The detection limit of the sensor was as low as 85 fg/mL, and the linear detection range of the sensor was 100 fg/mL-100 ng/mL, which suggests that the sensor has a promising application in the detection of T-2 in food.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 114610"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing eco-engineered quality-by-design framework for sustainable chromatographic co-analysis of piroxicam and venlafaxine: A holistic greenness, whiteness, and blueness profiling","authors":"Neamat T. Barakat,&nbsp;Heba Abd El-Aziz,&nbsp;Manal I. Eid,&nbsp;Fawzia A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The analysis of multicomponent mixtures through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography constitutes a robust and precise analytical strategy for elucidating the composition and behavior of complex substances. This study introduces, for the first time, an experimentally designed HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of piroxicam and venlafaxine hydrochloride in their pure forms, synthetic mixtures, single and combined dosage forms. Moreover, chromatographic optimization was carried out using a 2³ full factorial design to attain superior analytical efficiency and robustness while simultaneously minimizing time, labor, and solvent usage. On a C18 column, chromatographic separation was carried out using isocratic elution. 25 % phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 3.0, 60 % ethanol, and 15 % methanol made up the mobile phase and delivered at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. UV detection was conducted at 226 nm. The proposed method was rigorously validated in alignment with the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Calibration curves for piroxicam and venlafaxine hydrochloride exhibited exceptional linearity within the concentration ranges of 3.0–90.0 μg/mL and 4.5–200.0 μg/mL, respectively. The limits of detection were determined to be 0.979 μg/mL for piroxicam and 0.718 μg/mL for venlafaxine hydrochloride, while the limits of quantification were 2.96 μg/mL and 2.18 μg/mL, respectively. Another benefit is that the separation and quantification can be completed in less than 3 min. Also, the method fulfills all criteria of greenness, whiteness and blueness. In addition, the method's superior selectivity, precision, operational simplicity and rapidity collectively underscore its suitability for implementation in analytical quality control laboratories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 114599"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted breast cancer therapy: a promising nanomedicine approach","authors":"Mohd Shoab Ali ,&nbsp;Abdulrhman Alsayari ,&nbsp;Shadma Wahab ,&nbsp;Garima Gupta ,&nbsp;Khang Wen Goh ,&nbsp;Prashant Kesharwani","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have emerged as a powerful candidate against breast cancer because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, magnetic properties, and surface modifiability. This review provides the synthesis, morphology, and biomedical application of IONPs with a special emphasis on their anticancer effect. It further highlights the green approaches as a safer alternative to conventional methods to reduce the systemic toxicity and environmental impact. Moreover, the antimicrobial potential of IONPs is also discussed as an additional advantage for immune-compromised patients. This article further delves deeper into materials for environmental science and proposes a holistic perspective on IONPs design by integrating cross-disciplinary knowledge. The discussion extends to its clinically approved and withdrawn IONPs-based formulation. Finally, future directions are outlined, emphasizing the need for translational research, in vivo validation, and the development of more effective and safer IONP platforms for clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 114628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Label-free photoelectrochemical detection of carboxylesterase activity based on carboxylesterase-induced amide bond hydrolysis","authors":"Jun Chen,&nbsp;Jing Hu,&nbsp;Yuting Ding,&nbsp;Rong Liao,&nbsp;Chao Chen,&nbsp;Wenfang Deng,&nbsp;Yueming Tan,&nbsp;Qingji Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carboxylesterase (CE), a promising biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), demands rapid and precise detection for clinical diagnosis. However, current detection methods are hampered by significant technical challenges. This study presents a novel label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor based on amide-bond interactions between photoactive materials to detect CE activity. We constructed a Cd_0.6Zn_0.4S/In₂O₃ heterojunction with optimized band alignment, which enabled efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs (electron lifetime as long as 0.127 s) and significantly enhanced photocurrent generation efficiency (incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) reaching 15.9 %). In this biosensing system, Cd_0.6Zn_0.4S nanoparticles were covalently linked to In₂O₃ nanospheres via amide bonds crosslinking. Upon the introduction of CE, enzymatic hydrolysis of the amide bond induced the detachment of Cd_0.6Zn_0.4S from the electrode surface, leading to a proportional decrease in the photoanodic signal. Experimental results showed that the photocurrent response exhibited a linear relationship with the logarithm of CE activity within the range of 10⁻⁵ to 0.4 U L⁻¹, with a detection limit of 3.2 × 10⁻⁶ U L⁻¹. Furthermore, the proposed PEC detection platform exhibits high selectivity and good stability for the detection of CE activity in human serum samples, demonstrating a spike recovery of 94 % to 102 % for CE determination in human serum. This label-free strategy enables sensitive detection of CE by modulating interfacial charge transport, providing a simplified yet effective approach for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 114625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of lactic acid sensor based on Pd@PPyC-Bi2S3 nanocomposites by linear sweep voltammetry","authors":"M. Faisal ,&nbsp;M.M. Alam ,&nbsp;Jahir Ahmed ,&nbsp;Muneera S.M. Al-Saleem ,&nbsp;Amjad E. Alsafrani ,&nbsp;Jari S. Algethami ,&nbsp;Jehan Y. Al-Humaidi ,&nbsp;Abdulkarim Albishri ,&nbsp;Farid A. Harraz ,&nbsp;Mohammed Muzibur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.114631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient and selective detection of lactic acid (LA) holds significant importance across the various sectors, such as clinical diagnostics, food quality monitoring, biomedical implementation, and environmental analysis. This study presents the development of an innovative electrochemical sensor probe utilizing Pd@PPyC-Bi₂S₃ nanocomposites (NCs) applied to a flat glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by PEDOT:PSS chemical binder for the precise and targeted detection of LA under ambient conditions. The Pd@PPyC-Bi₂S₃ NCs were ultrasonically synthesized and fully characterized by using various techniques, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Ultraviolet–visible Spectroscopy (UV–vis), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The Pd@PPyC-Bi₂S₃ NCs/PEDOT:PSS/GCE demonstrated remarkable electro-catalytic performance for the oxidation of LA, featuring an extensive linear detection range (LDR; 1.0 ⁓ 70.0 μM), a lower limit of detection (LOD; 0.40 ± 0.02 μM), and higher sensitivity (248.48 μAμM⁻¹ cm⁻²). The fabricated Pd@PPyC-Bi₂S₃ NCs/PEDOT:PSS/GCE sensor probe exhibited exceptional selectivity when faced with typical interferents, rendering it appropriate for practical applications. Moreover, the developed electrochemical sensor was effectively utilized for the measurement of LA across the different real sample matrices, such as rabbit serum, rat serum, and human urine, demonstrating its practical validity. The facile synthesis, exceptional performance, and wide-ranging applicability of the Pd@PPyC-Bi₂S₃ NCs/PEDOT:PSS/GCE-based electrochemical sensor position it as a highly promising analytical probe for the sensitive and selective detection of LA, contributing to safety in healthcare and biomedical fields on a broad scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 114631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}