Microchemical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Materials and strategies for Terahertz humidity sensing","authors":"Romel Hidayat ,&nbsp;Sikandar Aftab ,&nbsp;Zeeshan Ali ,&nbsp;Ganesh Koyyada ,&nbsp;Awais Khalid ,&nbsp;H.H. Hegazy ,&nbsp;I.S. Yahia ,&nbsp;Nguyen Tam Nguyen Truong","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many different fields, such as industrial process control, food preservation, healthcare diagnostics, and environmental monitoring, where precise and timely humidity detection is critical, humidity sensing is vital. Terahertz (THz) sensing has become a potent, label-free, high-resolution, non-contact method of detecting humidity that offers clear benefits in terms of material selectivity and sensitivity. The incorporation of sustainable and biodegradable materials, such as chitosan, cellulose, silk fibroin, and other bio-derived polymers, has been the focus of recent developments. These materials not only improve sensor performance but also meet the growing demand for disposable and environmentally friendly sensor platforms. The most recent developments in THz humidity sensors are outlined in this review, along with important sensing mechanisms (such as absorption, refractive index shift, and resonance frequency variation), material selections, device architectures, and performance metrics like durability, sensitivity, response time, and detection limit. Large-scale fabrication, long-term performance, and material stability issues are critically analyzed. The review concludes by outlining future directions for the creation of flexible, scalable, and low-impact humidity sensors made of sustainable materials. It highlights how these sensors have the potential to completely transform green sensing technologies in a variety of practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The progress of CRISPR/Cas-based RNA detection","authors":"Mohammed AL-Dulaiei ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Jinyan Long ,&nbsp;Yang Yu ,&nbsp;Tao Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaolan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993 marked a crucial milestone in the field of molecular biology. Presently, they function as indispensable biomarkers for precision medicine, serving as regulators of gene expression. However, miRNAs are in very low abundance in body fluids, which challenges their precise detection. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)-based detection, as a cutting-edge technique, has become an immensely effective tool for molecular diagnosis owing to its outstanding advantages, such as high sensitivity, sequence-targeted single-base specificity, and rapid turnover time of cleavage. This paper conducts a comprehensive examination of the recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas-based RNA detection, which includes amplification-free and amplification-involved fluorescence biosensors, single-molecule platforms, and material-assisted biosensors. We emphasize technology advancements, evaluate performance indicators, and address problems in clinical translation, offering a framework for future research in precision diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of cefradine-modified magnetic nanoparticle and vancomycin-modified time-resolved fluorescent microsphere for ultrasensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk and spinach samples","authors":"Long-Xin Yang ,&nbsp;Chen-Ri Su ,&nbsp;Zhi-Peng Li ,&nbsp;Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Han-Yue Li ,&nbsp;Ji-Fei Yang ,&nbsp;Yun-Chao Liu ,&nbsp;Xian-Hua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient separation of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) from complex samples is crucial for sensitive detection. Herein, we fabricated a novel cefradine-modified magnetic nanoparticle (CMN) for selective capture of <em>S. aureus</em>. The biomolecule-free CMN could specifically capture target <em>S. aureus</em> due to the specific recognition between cefradine and penicillin binding proteins on the surface of <em>S. aureus</em>, and had the advantages of good stability, fast magnetic responsiveness, simple preparation, and low cost. Additionally, a new vancomycin-modified time-resolved fluorescent microsphere (VTFM) was prepared for electively labeling <em>S. aureus</em> captured by CMN. The antibody-free VTFM could selectively label <em>S. aureus</em> by the specific interaction between vancomycin and peptidoglycan on the surface of <em>S. aureus</em>, and could generate stable, sensitive, and easily quantifiable fluorescence signals. For proving the practicability, CMN linked VTFM (CMN-VTFM) strategy was proposed for the determination of <em>S. aureus</em>. Briefly, the CMN first selectively captured <em>S. aureus</em> from complex samples, and then the VTFM specifically labeled <em>S. aureus</em> captured by CMN; subsequently, CMN-bacteria-VTFM was separated and eluted to release the VTFM; finally, after removing CMN-bacteria, the VTFM was quantitatively analyzed. The biomolecule-free CMN-VTFM strategy with limit of detection of 92 CFU mL⁻¹ for milk and 73 CFU mL⁻¹ for spinach, was successfully used for detecting <em>S. aureus</em> in spiked real samples with recovery between 93.7 % and 100.1 % and relative standard deviation between 3.1 % and 6.1 %, respectively. Therefore, we believe that the CMN-VTFM strategy based on the antibiotic-based recognition has great potential in the field of ultrasensitive determination of pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The electronic nose: A critical global review of advances in analytical methods and real-world applications","authors":"Mehmet Melikoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A systematic and comprehensive review of recent literature highlights the significant progress and growing maturity of electronic nose (e-nose) technology. This paper synthesizes advancements from January 2020 to August 2025, demonstrating the e-nose's evolution from a laboratory tool to a versatile, non-destructive, and cost-effective solution for real-world analytical challenges. The review is structured around four key areas: its applications in food and agricultural quality; its expanding use in medical diagnostics; its role in environmental and other monitoring; and the innovative methodologies and technologies driving its performance. Findings show that the e-nose, particularly when combined with data fusion techniques like hyperspectral imaging, often achieves high accuracy in tasks such as product origin tracing and quality control. In medical diagnostics, e-noses are proving effective for non-invasive disease screening, while in environmental science, they offer a means for real-time pollution detection. These practical applications are supported by methodological breakthroughs, including the adoption of advanced machine learning algorithms, such as deep learning and even quantum neural networks, which enhance data interpretation and classification. Despite these advancements, the review identifies critical limitations that future research must address. The need for improved model generalizability, enhanced sensor robustness against environmental factors like humidity, and the development of self-powered and portable systems are key areas for continued investigation. The paper concludes that as these limitations are overcome, the e-nose is poised to become an indispensable tool for rapid, on-site analysis across a wide range of industries, fundamentally transforming how we monitor and analyze chemical signatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in glyphosate residue analysis for environmental monitoring: From chromatography to immunoassays","authors":"Ming Zhong ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yajun Ren ,&nbsp;Yuwei Sun ,&nbsp;Mingyue Piao ,&nbsp;Libin Han ,&nbsp;Mingyue Jin ,&nbsp;Honghui Teng","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide, poses significant ecological and human health risks due to its environmental residues. This paper reviews various advanced techniques for glyphosate detection, including chromatographic methods, spectroscopic techniques, and electrochemical analysis, while evaluating their strengths and limitations. Ion chromatography, using large-capacity columns and ammonium-type membrane suppressors, achieves a detection limit of 0.03 μg/L in drinking water, with recovery rates ranging from 91 % to 118 %, but suffers from interference by salts like NO₂⁻ and SO₄²⁻. High-performance liquid chromatography, following FMOC-cl derivatization, detects glyphosate at 0.6 μg/L in seawater, though the derivatization step increases the relative standard deviation (RSD) to 5 %–8 %. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), without derivatization, achieves a detection limit as low as 0.5 μg/L in soil, with an RSD under 3 %, providing strong resistance to matrix interference. Fluorescence spectrophotometry, with a detection range in the nanomolar scale, can experience 10 %–15 % deviations in fluorescence intensity due to environmental pH fluctuations. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, using cysteamine-modified silver nanoparticles, lowers the detection limit to 1 mM but faces signal instability. Photoelectrochemical sensors with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle-based nanozymes detect within the range of 5 × 10⁻¹⁰–1 × 10⁻⁴ M, with recovery rates of 95.9 %–104.5 %, but show a 15 % decay in electrode activity per month. Future research should aim to optimize chromatographic columns, integrate multiple techniques, and employ nanomaterials to improve sensitivity, accuracy, and environmental adaptability</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoengineered microneedle biosensors for minimally invasive disease diagnostics: Development and future prospects","authors":"Anjali Jaiswar ,&nbsp;Utkarsh U. Bhamare ,&nbsp;Gudhanti Siva Naga Koteswara Rao ,&nbsp;Mahesh B. Palkar","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite significant advances in clinical diagnostics, conventional biomarker detection remains hampered by invasiveness, delayed feedback, and limited suitability for continuous monitoring, especially in resource-limited and decentralized healthcare settings. The growing burden of chronic, infectious, and metabolic diseases underscores an urgent demand for real-time, minimally invasive, and patient-friendly diagnostic platforms. Nanoengineered microneedle (MN) biosensors have emerged as a transformative solution, offering painless access to interstitial fluid (ISF), a rich, stable reservoir of biomarkers, while integrating advanced nanomaterials to achieve ultrahigh sensitivity, specificity, and multi-analyte detection. Integration with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, and cloud-based analytics, these devices can provide personalized diagnostics, predictive health insights, and continuous disease management. This review critically evaluates recent progress in MN biosensor technology, covering design evolution, nanomaterial enhancements, clinical targets, and translational challenges. The fabrication of microneedle architecture with electrochemical, optical, and enzymatic sensing modalities is shown to enable high-fidelity, real-time health monitoring across diverse physiological domains, from glucose and lactate to cytokines and cancer biomarkers. Overall, these platforms promise a paradigm shift toward wearable, autonomous diagnostics integrated with digital health ecosystems and AI-driven analytics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOF&COF for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance analysis: State of the art and future prospects","authors":"Ruixue Zhang,&nbsp;Chen Fan,&nbsp;Ming Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), comprising thousands of fluorinated compounds, have become a global concern due to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as highly promising materials for PFAS analysis, thanks to their customizable pore architectures, high specific surface areas, and versatile functional groups. This review comprehensively explored the unique advantages of framework materials that make them highly effective for PFAS detection. It delved into the fluorescent and electrochemical methods employed in PFAS detection using MOFs and COFs, providing advantages such as short detection times, low detection limits, and high portability. The review also underscored the utility of MOFs and COFs in various sample pretreatment techniques. These methods utilized the strong adsorption capacities of MOFs and COFs to efficiently enrich PFAS from complex matrices, thereby significantly enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity of analytical procedures. The review analyzed MOF and COF preparation methods and their impact on performance, while highlighting challenges including the need for more efficient synthesis, cost reduction, improved stability, and better selectivity in complex samples. Future research should prioritize enhancing the efficiency, scalability, and eco-friendliness of MOF and COF synthesis for PFAS analysis, exploring the potential of MOF/COF nanozymes, and improving their performance through defect engineering and functional design. Additionally, novel analytical methods for broader PFAS characterization in different media should be developed, along with high-performance MOFs/COFs tailored for ultrashort-chain PFAS separation and deeper molecular-level understanding of adsorption mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-Based polymeric nanocarriers for non-melanoma skin cancer: microchemical design, mechanisms, and translational potential","authors":"Sehar Khan ,&nbsp;Suruchi Khanna ,&nbsp;Garima Gupta ,&nbsp;Abdulrhman Alsayari ,&nbsp;Shadma Wahab ,&nbsp;Khang Wen Goh ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Sahebkar ,&nbsp;Prashant Kesharwani","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), primarily basal and squamous cell carcinomas, are among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide, often resulting from chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. Current treatments such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy are limited by invasiveness, poor selectivity, and undesirable side effects. Chitosan, a naturally derived, biodegradable polysaccharide has gained attention as a nanocarrier due to its intrinsic biocompatibility, mucoadhesiveness, and antitumor properties. However, its native limitations, including poor aqueous solubility and restricted drug loading, have necessitated chemical and structural modifications to enhance its clinical utility. Recent advancements in microchemical synthesis and nanoscale engineering have led to the development of modified chitosan-based delivery systems with improved solubility, targeted drug release, and enhanced interaction with tumor microenvironments. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of chitosan nanocarrier design, drug encapsulation strategies, and mechanistic pathways relevant to NMSC therapy. Emphasis is placed on the physicochemical characterization, cellular uptake, and preclinical outcomes of these systems. Finally, the review discusses translational barriers, including regulatory hurdles, batch reproducibility, and large-scale manufacturing, outlining a path toward the clinical application of chitosan nanomedicine in skin cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115306"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart nanoparticle delivery systems for resveratrol: A targeted strategy to enhance anticancer efficacy and bioavailability","authors":"Sehar Khan ,&nbsp;Mohd Saeed ,&nbsp;Garima Gupta ,&nbsp;Abdulrhman Alsayari ,&nbsp;Shadma Wahab ,&nbsp;Khang Wen Goh ,&nbsp;Prashant Kesharwani","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a primary contributor to global mortality, driven by uncontrolled cell proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to standard chemotherapeutics. Resveratrol (RSV), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, exhibits strong anticancer potential through modulation of multiple signaling pathways including apoptosis, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress. However, its clinical translation is hampered by poor aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism, and limited systemic bioavailability. Smart nanoparticle-based delivery systems have emerged as a transformative strategy to overcome these limitations, enabling enhanced tumor accumulation, controlled release, and selective targeting <em>via</em> passive Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect (EPR effect) and active ligand-mediated mechanisms. This review critically summarizes recent advancements in RSV-loaded nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and stimuli-responsive platforms used across diverse cancer models including colorectal, pulmonary, glioblastoma, and melanoma. Special focus is given to their physicochemical optimization, role in reversing multidrug resistance, minimizing systemic toxicity, and enabling co-delivery with conventional anticancer drugs. The review also outlines translational challenges, clinical outlook, and the future direction of RSV-based smart nanomedicine for precision oncology applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular recognition of amyloid-β oligomers in Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Muhammad Jehangir,&nbsp;Xindi Xia,&nbsp;Cheng Wang,&nbsp;Ming Hu,&nbsp;Xiaohui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is primarily characterized by two pathologies, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, generated from the aggregation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, respectively. Although the exact pathogenesis of AD is still unclear, Aβ oligomers are identified as the most neurotoxic species that play pivotal roles in onset and development of AD. However, the metastable and heterogeneous nature of Aβ oligomers makes it extremely difficult to target them, resulting in the lack of high-resolution structures and toxicity mechanisms of specific oligomers. Therefore, molecular-level understanding of oligomers' propensity and behavior would be critical to propel the development of Aβ oligomer-targeted diagnostics and therapeutics in early AD. In this context, this review focuses on molecular recognition of Aβ oligomers in terms of recognition mechanism and potential applications of various targeting agents reported within the past five years. The features, limits, and potential directions of every molecular recognition strategy are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}