Thyroid Research最新文献

{"title":"Eating behavior traits across thyroid function groups in Saudi adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hayat Alzahrani, Sahar G Alshammari, Soaad Alsulami, Sahar Afeef, Nehal S Alsharif, Sarah Althubeati, Sarah M Arafsha, Amal Aloud","doi":"10.1186/s13044-026-00304-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-026-00304-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroid dysfunction is known to impact metabolic rate and body weight, yet its relationship with eating behavior remains underexplored in Saudi adults. This study explores the differences in appetitive traits across self-reported thyroid status groups using the validated Arabic version of the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ-Ar).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 439 adults in Saudi Arabia (median age = 39 years, median BMI = 29.06 kg/m², females = 59.9%). Participants self-reported their thyroid diagnosis status (normal, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid), demographic data, and eating behaviors using AEBQ-Ar. General Linear Model regression analyses were used to assess differences in eating behavior subscales across self-reported thyroid groups, adjusting for age, sex, and BMI with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for covariates, both the self-reported hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups reported significantly higher emotional overeating (β = 1.032 and β = 1.198, respectively; both p < 0.001), hunger (β = 0.696 and β = 0.780; both p < 0.001), satiety responsiveness (β = 0.464 and β = 0.761; both p < 0.001), and slowness in eating (β = 0.511 and β = 0.711; both p < 0.001) compared with individuals reporting normal thyroid function. Food fussiness was higher in the self-reported hypothyroid group compared with the normal group (β = 0.196, p = 0.006). No other traits differed significantly between the self-reported hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Self-reported thyroid dysfunction was associated with higher emotional overeating, hunger, satiety responsiveness, and slower eating. Because thyroid function tests and treatment data were not collected, these findings reflect associations with self-reported status rather than confirmed current function. Nevertheless, clinicians may consider assessing eating behaviors in patients with thyroid disorders. Future studies should include biochemical confirmation and treatment history.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-based ultrasound diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"JiangSheng Huang, Xia Long, ZheXu Cao","doi":"10.1186/s13044-026-00310-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-026-00310-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune thyroid disorder, often diagnosed using ultrasound. However, conventional gray-scale ultrasound is subject to high subjectivity and operator dependence. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted ultrasound has the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, but its clinical value remains unclear due to heterogeneous study designs and reference standards.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically review and conduct a diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis of AI-based gray-scale ultrasound models for diagnosing HT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to February 2026. Studies were included if they used AI models including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for diagnosing HT via gray-scale ultrasound. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed based on modeling strategy, reference standard and population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies were included, comprising research from China, Poland, Korea, and Romania. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for AI-based gray-scale ultrasound diagnosis of HT were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77-0.90) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84-0.95), respectively, with a summary AUC of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91-0.95). DL models showed superior performance, with higher sensitivity (0.87) and specificity (0.92) compared to ML models (sensitivity: 0.81, specificity: 0.88). Non-histopathological reference standards showed better diagnostic accuracy (AUC: 0.96) compared to histopathology (AUC: 0.84). Studies in European populations had higher diagnostic performance (AUC: 0.97) than those in Asian populations (AUC: 0.87).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI-based gray-scale ultrasound offers promising diagnostic performance for HT, with significant variability across studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TSH receptor autoantibodies - a personal experience.","authors":"Bernard Rees Smith","doi":"10.1186/s13044-026-00309-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13044-026-00309-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nineteen fifty six was a pivotal year in our understanding of thyroid disease with the discovery of long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) in the serum of patients with Graves' disease and autoantibodies to thyroglobulin in Hashimoto's disease. Soon after its discovery, LATS was shown to be a thyroid stimulating autoantibody and then in 1974 to be an autoantibody to the TSH receptor. Further major advances were made in 1989 (cloning the TSH receptor) and production of the thyroid stimulating human monoclonal autoantibody M22™ in 2002. The availability of M22™ enabled determination of the crystal structure of the TSH receptor in complex with M22™. Subsequently, three more human monoclonal autoantibodies to the TSH receptor were produced. One with stimulating activity (K1-18™) and two with blocking (antagonist) activity (5C9™ and K1-70™). Cryo-EM analysis of these four monoclonal autoantibodies in complex with the TSH receptor has provided a detailed understanding of how TSH receptor autoantibodies with different properties function. The monoclonal autoantibody K1-70™ with powerful TSH receptor blocking activity is in clinical trials and shows the expected beneficial effect on Graves' hyperthyroidism and Graves' ophthalmopathy. It is an exciting new TSH receptor specific drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing in thyroid cancer: a methodological review and thyroid specific dissociation protocol.","authors":"Sumathy Perampalam, Eric Lam, Georgia Rankin, Christopher Joachim O'Keeffe, Adwoa Sey, Catherine Luxford, Mark Sywak, Roderick Clifton-Bligh, Martyn Bullock","doi":"10.1186/s13044-026-00306-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-026-00306-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy. In contrast to the more prevalent papillary thyroid carcinoma, high grade thyroid carcinomas including poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers have a more aggressive clinical behaviour with decreased survival. Multikinase inhibitors can stabilize radioactive iodine-refractory disease, but responses are often not durable. The molecular mechanisms underlying differences among histologic subtypes remain incompletely understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers higher-resolution characterization of tumor cellular composition than conventional methods of bulk RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, or multiplex immunohistochemistry, yet its application to thyroid cancer has been limited. This review critically evaluates published scRNA-seq studies in thyroid cancer to identify methodological gaps and presents a detailed, optimized tissue processing protocol for generating high-quality single-cell suspensions from thyroid specimens.MethodsWe conducted a focused search of PubMed and Embase to identify original scRNA-seq studies of primary thyroid tumours published from 2020 to 2025. From 22 studies that profiled primary specimens collected by the authors, we assessed the level of methodological detail reported for tissue dissociation.Informed by these findings, we developed an optimized thyroid tissue dissociation protocol that appears to yield high-viability single-cell suspensions compatible with droplet-based scRNA-seq platforms, however formal validation studies will be required.ResultsMany published studies provided concise descriptions of dissociation methods without technical detail. Our optimized protocol replaces conventional red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffers with an immunomagnetic depletion step, which improved cell recovery and viability compared with standard lysis in limited clinical specimens, although broader benchmarking across sample types is still warranted. When combined with contemporary bioinformatics workflows, these cell preparations enable robust single-cell characterization of thyroid tissues including developmental trajectories, intercellular signalling networks, and immune infiltration with the potential to reveal biomarkers of progression, mechanisms for therapeutic resistance and to identify novel therapeutic targets.ConclusionsThe optimized dissociation protocol is practical and well suited to precious patient-derived thyroid samples. By improving single-cell data quality and cellular representation, it facilitates discovery of biomarkers of disease progression and treatment resistance and supports identification of new therapeutic targets across thyroid cancer subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts in thyroid cancer stroma correlate with tumour progression and desmoplasia: a histopathological study.","authors":"Markos Christidis, Andreas C Lazaris, Polyxeni Nicolopoulou-Stamati, Evangelia Baliou, Athanasios Zafeirakis, Georgios Vilaras, Georgia-Eleni Thomopoulou","doi":"10.1186/s13044-026-00308-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-026-00308-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim and objectives: </strong>Tumour stroma is acknowledged as a fundamental constituent of the tumour microenvironment, which drives cancer progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are an integral part of the cancer stroma. However, their role in thyroid cancer is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the expression of stromal cancer-associated fibroblasts' immunohistochemical biomarkers in thyroid cancer and clinicopathological features of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of different thyroid cancer cases were stained with Masson's trichrome, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and scored based on the extent of the stained area and staining intensity. Statistical analysis was performed to assess any correlation with clinicopathological features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>α-SMA showed a positive correlation with male gender (p = 0.02), tumour size greater than 1 cm (p = 0.0014) and histopathologic features of aggressiveness (p = 0.023). FAP was positively correlated with extent of desmoplasia (p = 0.024). Additionally, stromal desmoplasia was negatively correlated with tumour size greater than 1 cm (p = 0.0082).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cancer-associated fibroblasts are associated with increased tumour progression and desmoplasia in thyroid cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life in hypothyroid subjects treated with levothyroxine: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hamide Rezaeizade, Motahare Shabestari, Narjes Hazar, Akram Ghadiri-Anari, Marjan Mehrali, Mohammad Salehi-Shadkami, Reyhaneh Azizi","doi":"10.1186/s13044-026-00307-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-026-00307-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient thyroid hormone production; its manifestations can lead to impaired function and health-related quality of life. This study is aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) in levothyroxine(LT4)-treated patients with serum thyroid hormone levels equivalent to those of healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional investigation enrolled 220 participants, including 110 hypothyroid individuals treated with LT4 as the case group and 110 euthyroid subjects as the controls. Demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, occupation, and education), QoL, and mean thyroid function indices (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Triiodothyronine, and Thyroxine) were assessed and compared between the two groups. The QoL was evaluated using the World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL) -BREF Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that QoL scores across the subscales of physical health, mental health, social relationship, environment, and overall QoL and general health were significantly lower in the LT4-treated (case) group compared to the healthy (control) group (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed that disease status (B=-18.61, p < 0.001), education level (B = 4.42, p = 0.005), and mean Triiodothyronine (T3)(B = 0.41, p < 0.001) are independent predictors for QoL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients on LT4 therapy have a significantly lower QoL despite achieving serum thyroid hormone levels equivalent to those of healthy controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of social determinants of health care on outcomes for well-differentiated thyroid cancer at an urban safety-net hospital.","authors":"Patrick Weldon, Regan Dunn, Ryan Hoefferle, Kim Dyer, Heather Klepacz, Michael Moncure, Betty Drees","doi":"10.1186/s13044-026-00305-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-026-00305-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are multiple studies reporting the impact of social determinants of health on survival of well differentiated thyroid cancer. Many studies utilized national databases, but few have examined the effect at an institutional level. We hypothesized that assessing survival at our urban safety-net hospital would identify disparities among gender, race, and insurance status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined records from our institutional cancer registry for patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer from 2000 to 2023. We obtained data regarding their demographics and cancer stage at diagnosis. A survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 336 patients were diagnosed during this time. Most patients were female 285 (84%) and 215 (63%) under age 55. We compared survival among our White 155 (54%) and Black populations 127 (45%). Insurance status was stratified into non-insured/VA insurance/other 116 (34%), Medicaid 107 (32%), private insurance 64 (19%), and Medicare 49 (15%). Five-year survival was worse in those age > 55 (p < .001), White individuals (p=.019), and Medicaid beneficiaries (p=.003). Mortality risk was higher in males (p=.012, confidence interval (CI): 0.13-0.78), age > 55 (p<.001, CI: 0.13-0.78), Whites (p=.026, CI: 0.21-0.91), and Medicaid insured (p=.002, CI: 0.08-0.56).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrates there are significant factors associated with disparities in survival for thyroid cancer. Interestingly, our White population is at increased risk which is contrary to other studies at either a national or institutional level. Further investigation is required to identify how to target this group to alleviate any modifiable factors impacting outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Panel-negative strategy for suspected fusion-driven papillary thyroid carcinoma.","authors":"Yoichiro Okubo, Ikki Takada, Mei Kadoya, Soji Toda, Shuka Wada, Katsuhiko Masudo, Yohei Miyagi, Hiroyuki Hayashi","doi":"10.1186/s13044-026-00301-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13044-026-00301-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular testing in thyroid nodules and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is not required for every case, but it becomes clinically important when the result may influence diagnostic confidence, surgical planning, including the extent of surgery, or systemic therapy options. Representative scenarios include indeterminate thyroid cytology, clinically advanced or metastatic disease, and recurrent or progressive PTC. In these settings, the key question is not simply whether a common hotspot mutation is present, but whether clinically relevant drivers, including RET and NTRK fusions, have been adequately assessed. Fusion-inclusive molecular testing is preferable when molecular information is required for thyroid nodules or PTC, particularly when the clinical question includes the possibility of a fusion-driven tumor. However, in routine practice, limited or mutation-focused assays, such as BRAF V600E testing or hotspot DNA panels, may already have been performed because of limitations in access, reimbursement, specimen availability, or institutional workflow. Negative results from such assays can be misread as definitive exclusion of clinically relevant fusions, despite pre-analytic constraints and incomplete fusion coverage. This Correspondence does not advocate a hotspot-first workflow, nor does it propose serial add-on testing as a preferred strategy. Rather, we propose a pragmatic \"panel-negative\" communication and decision-making framework for situations in which limited testing has already been performed and morphologic or clinical suspicion for fusion-driven PTC persists. The approach emphasizes (i) selecting a thyroid-appropriate molecular assay from the outset whenever feasible, (ii) explicitly documenting residual suspicion and the scope of the performed assay in pathology reports, (iii) using pan-TRK immunohistochemistry only as an optional triage tool rather than a rule-out test, and (iv) considering RNA-based or other fusion-optimized assays only when the original clinical question remains unresolved and the result is clinically relevant. This framework is intended to reduce false reassurance from negative limited panels while reinforcing the need for appropriate molecular testing in the correct clinical scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13242143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to euthyroidism and its predictors among thyrotoxicosis patients on antithyroid drugs at tertiary hospitals, Western Oromia, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Bokasa Negeri, Emiru Merdassa, Meseret Belete Fite, Tesfaye Shibiru, Firomsa Bekele","doi":"10.1186/s13044-026-00303-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-026-00303-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by excessive action of thyroid hormones in tissues, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Anti-thyroid drugs are the primary treatment for thyrotoxicosis; however, the time required to achieve euthyroid status varies among patients. The aim of this study was to determine the time to euthyroidism and its predictors among thyrotoxicosis patients on anti-thyroid drugs at tertiary hospitals in Nekemte city.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A five-year hospital-based retrospective cohort study (from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2024) was conducted among patients treated with anti-thyroid drugs at Wollega University and Nekemte Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals. Data were extracted using a checklist, entered into Epi Data 4.6, cleaned, exported, and analyzed in STATA 14.1. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, incidence, interquartile range) were used to summarize the data. A Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate survival probabilities and compare between groups. The log-rank test was utilized to assess the existence of differences in survival probability. Bi-variable Cox regression analysis (with P ≤ 0.25) was performed to identify candidate predictors. The proportional hazards assumption was assessed using a global test. Subsequently, in suba multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent predictors of time to euthyroidism, with variables considered statistically significant at p-values < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the median time to euthyroidism was 10.8 months. The incidence rate of achieving euthyroidism among thyrotoxicosis patients was 67.91 per 1000 person-months. The following factors were significantly associated with time to euthyroidism: Graves' disease (AHR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.23-5.07), WHO goiter grade 3 (AHR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.55-2.54), overt hyperthyroidism (AHR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.04-2.10), congestive heart failure (AHR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35-0.91), and renal disease (AHR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.21-0.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The time to euthyroidism in this study was comparatively long; however, the rate of normalization at the end of follow-up was relatively high. The study found that Graves' disease, overt hyperthyroidism, WHO grade 3 goiter, congestive heart failure, and renal disease were significant predictors of time to euthyroidism in patients treated with anti-thyroid drugs. These findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing the management of these factors to improve euthyroidism outcomes in thyrotoxicosis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal thyroid disease and the risk of excessive bleeding in pregnancy: a Danish nationwide cohort study.","authors":"Ida Marie Nørum Wigh, Jesper Karmisholt, Peter Vestergaard, Stig Andersen, Søren Risom Kristensen, Stine Linding Andersen","doi":"10.1186/s13044-026-00302-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13044-026-00302-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of haemostasis, and it has been hypothesised that abnormal levels of thyroid hormones are associated with an increased risk of excessive bleeding. However, this association is yet to be investigated in pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective nationwide cohort study of Danish pregnant women from 1999 to 2015. Information on maternal hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism diagnosed before/during or after the pregnancy, as well as outcomes of bleeding in early and late pregnancy, was collected via the Danish nationwide health registers on hospital diagnoses and drug prescriptions. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the association between maternal thyroid disease and outcomes of bleeding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study cohort included 1,149,871 pregnancies. Maternal hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 17,702 pregnancies and hypothyroidism in 27,674 pregnancies. Maternal hyperthyroidism diagnosed before/during (aOR 1.11 (95% CI 1.02;1.21)) and after the pregnancy (aOR 1.11 (95% CI 1.01;1.22)) as well as hypothyroidism diagnosed before/during (aOR 1.11 (95% CI 1.03;1.19)) and after the pregnancy (aOR 1.10 (95% CI 1.02;1.18)) were associated with an increased risk of bleeding in the early pregnancy. For bleeding diagnosed in late pregnancy, we found an association only when maternal hypothyroidism was first diagnosed after the pregnancy (aOR 1.22 (95% CI: 1.07;1.40)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a large, nationwide cohort, maternal hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism showed associations with diagnoses of bleeding in pregnancy. Results provide clues on the role of undiagnosed and untreated maternal thyroid disease in pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13435930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148102090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}