Thyroid Research最新文献

{"title":"Systematic review of the association between thyroid disorders and hyperprolactinemia.","authors":"Adeel Ahmad Khan, Rohit Sharma, Fateen Ata, Sondos K Khalil, Arwa Saed Aldien, Muhammad Hasnain, Amna Sadiq, Ammara Bint I Bilal, Wasique Mirza","doi":"10.1186/s13044-024-00214-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-024-00214-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thyroid disease (TD), particularly hypothyroidism, is an important etiology of hyperprolactinemia (HPRL). We conducted a systematic review of the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of adults (> 18 years) with this clinical association.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We searched PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE to find eligible articles published in English from any date till 15th December 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final systematic review included 804 patients from 47 articles, of which the majority (85.9%) were females. Menstrual irregularity was the most prominent symptom of HPRL (74.3%). Subclinical hypothyroidism (57.1%) was the most reported TD. Individual patient data were available for 62 patients from 35 studies. The median age was 32 (25-42) years, TSH was 110.25 (50-345.4) mU/L, and PRL level was 60 (37.6-91) ng/ml. On treating TD, 38 (70.4%) patients had complete resolution and 10 (18.5%) had an improvement in HPRL. Of 38 patients with pituitary imaging, 26 (68.4%) showed pituitary enlargement, and 13 (34.2%) showed a suprasellar extension. 13 (76.5%) patients had complete resolution and 3 (17.6%) had an improvement in pituitary enlargement on TD treatment. A positive correlation was observed between higher serum TSH levels and higher serum prolactin levels. Patients with pituitary enlargement on imaging had a higher TSH level compared to those without any pituitary enlargement (Median of 263 (61-602) vs. 50 (24.3-128) mU/L; p-value = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thyroid hormone replacement can lead to resolution of HPRL and pituitary enlargement in the majority of patients with HPRL due to overt or subclinical hypothyroidism without the need for dopamine agonist treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and clinical characteristics associated with post-radioactive iodine thyroid storm.","authors":"Harold Henrison C Chiu, Edrome F Hernandez, Franz Michael M Magnaye, Jereel Aron R Sahagun, Jim Paulo D Sarsagat, Jun-Sing Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13044-024-00217-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13044-024-00217-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of post-radioactive iodine thyroid storm among patients with hyperthyroidism is relatively rare and only a few cases have been reported. We conducted a literature review of cases reported from 1951 to 2023 and determined the risk factors and clinical characteristics of patients who developed thyroid storm. A total of 19 cases were documented and reviewed. The mean age was 51.2 ± 20.1 years (range 7.5 to 75). Approximately two-thirds were females. Major etiologies were diffuse toxic goiter (57.9%) and nodular disease (36.8%). Mean dose was 11.3 ± 7.7 mCi (range 3.3 to 35), with 52.6% receiving less than 10 mCi. Mean interval time from administration to development of thyroid storm was 6.6 ± 5.5 days (range 0.5 to 20). The most common preexisting conditions were weight loss, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension and coronary artery disease. Thyroxine levels were not routinely measured prior to and during storm. Among those with available data, only 26.3% had hormone levels prior to and during storm. Thyroxine levels during storm (range 19.8 to 65 µg/dL) were higher than levels prior to storm (range 9.6 to 45 µg/dL). Pretreatment regimens varied consisting of no intervention, beta blockers, steroids, reserpine, phenobarbital and anti-thyroid drugs. Treatment regimens are more uniform and consistent with American Thyroid Association recommendations. The mortality rate remains high at ~ 26.3%. Statistical analyses did not show any significant differences. Even though the frequency of this condition is quite rare, it is an important and potentially prognostic condition underscoring the value of this review. The inclusion of this severe adverse effect should be part of patient discussion with emphasis on the need to seek early consultation when severe symptoms appear.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIX1 expression and its clinicopathological significance: difference between classic and follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma.","authors":"Elzahraa Ibrahim Khalil, Ahmed S Issa, Rehab M Kamal","doi":"10.1186/s13044-024-00212-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13044-024-00212-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma, representing the majority of thyroid cancer cases. Most patients with PTC have an excellent prognosis following treatment, yet approximately 10% face mortality within ten years, primarily due to lymph node metastasis (LNM) or local recurrence. The SIX1 gene, a member of the SIX gene superfamily, encodes a transcription factor integral to the development of certain tissues during embryogenesis. The impact of SIX1 in different subtypes of PTC has not been studied previously.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of SIX1 protein in PTC and to explore its relationship with clinical behavior in two subtypes of PTC: classic PTC (C-PTC) and follicular variant PTC (FV-PTC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using immunohistochemistry, the study analyzed 125 primary PTC cases, including 85 cases of C-PTC and 40 cases of FV-PTC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found significant positive associations between high SIX1 expression and several adverse clinical features across the PTC samples. High SIX1 expression was linked with increased tumor size, multifocal tumors, LNM, high-grade tumor features, advanced tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and extrathyroidal extension (ETE). Within the classic PTC subgroup, high SIX1 expression showed significant positive correlations with Tumor size (P = 0.04), Multifocality (P = 0.02) and High-grade features (P = 0.03). In the follicular variant subgroup, high SIX1 expression was significantly associated with Lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P = 0.001), Lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.03), ETE (P = 0.003) and tumor stage (P = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study indicate that SIX1 expression is a marker of poor prognosis in PTC, suggesting that its high expression is linked with more aggressive tumor characteristics and advanced disease stages. Importantly, the impact of SIX1 expression varies between C-PTC and FV-PTC, predicting distinct prognostic factors in each subtype. This suggests that SIX1 could be utilized not only as a prognostic biomarker but also in developing subtype-specific therapeutic strategies for PTC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report and literature review of rare isolated metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma in the orbit.","authors":"Behzad Khademi, Zahra Zia","doi":"10.1186/s13044-024-00216-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-024-00216-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Orbital metastasis secondary to thyroid carcinoma is an exceedingly rare occurrence. In this case report, we present a rare isolated orbital metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case report and literature review study.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A 55-year-old female, who presented with right-sided exophthalmos persisting for seven months and a week-long history of decreased visual acuity. Orbital computed tomography (CT) revealed a solid, isolated, well-circumscribed mass confined to the right intra-conal orbital cavity. Surgical excision via lateral orbitotomy confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic PTC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most cases reported in the literature have identified orbital masses concurrently with the initial diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. In contrast, our patient exhibited ocular symptoms following a prolonged interval after normal post ablative iodine imaging, highlighting a significant delay in metastatic presentation. Moreover, the solid and well-defined nature of the metastatic orbital mass, confined solely to the orbital cavity without evidence of bony destruction, muscle involvement or intracranial extension in this patient, constitutes a distinctive clinical feature rarely documented in existing case reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in the differentiation of thyroid nodules.","authors":"Bilgen Mehpare Özer, Yüksel Pabuşçu, Serdar Tarhan, Gülgün Yılmaz Ovalı, Hasan Aydede, Peyker Demireli, Tuğba Karadeniz","doi":"10.1186/s13044-024-00210-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13044-024-00210-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim was to investigate which of two different b values (b 500 s/mm² and b 800 s/mm²) are more effective in the differentiation of benign-malignant nodules using Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patients presenting with a preoperative diagnosis of nodular goiter or multinodular goiter were included in this study. These patients underwent neck MRI examinations, and their cases were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 26 patients were included in the study. A total of 46 nodules meeting the study criteria were examined. Measurements were performed on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) maps of patients at two different b values (b 500 s/mm² and b 800 s/mm²), and the results were compared with histopathological findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of a total of 46 nodules, 37 were identified as benign, and 9 as malignant based on histopathological analysis. The mean ADC value at b 500 was lower in malignant nodules (1259.65 ± 328.13) compared to benign nodules (19037.48 ± 472.74). Similarly, the mean ADC value at b 800 was lower in malignant nodules (1081.72 ± 200.23) compared to benign nodules (1610.44 ± 418.06). When a cut-off value of 1.1 × 10^- 3 was accepted for the differentiation of pathology, the sensitivity for distinguishing pathology with ADC values at b 500 was 83.3%, with a specificity of 90.0%, and for ADC values at b 800, the sensitivity was 71.4%, with a specificity of 89.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DW-MRI without the need for contrast agent administration is a useful method in the differentiation of benign-malignant thyroid nodules.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Losartan is more effective than angiotensin (1-7) in preventing thyroxine-induced renal injury in the rat.","authors":"Slava Malatiali, Mabayoje Oriowo","doi":"10.1186/s13044-024-00211-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13044-024-00211-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Studies have shown that renal hypertrophy seen in experimental hyperthyroidism induced by thyroxine (T4) is due to angiotensin (Ang) II. However, other renal effects of Ang II in experimental hyperthyroidism have not been investigated. In addition, Ang 1-7 is believed to be protective against renal injury, but its possible role in thyroxine-induced renal injury is not known. The aim of this study is to elaborate the role of Ang II in thyroxine-induced renal injury and the possible protective role of Ang 1-7. We hypothesize that Ang 1-7 will be as protective against thyroxine-induced renal injury as the use of an ACE inhibitor or an Ang II receptor blocker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study and were divided into 5 groups: (1) Control (treated with vehicle), (2) Treated with thyroxine (T4, 100 µg/kg), (3) Treated with T4 and Ang 1-7 (500 µg/kg), (4) Treated with T4 and captopril (20 mg/kg), and (5) Treated with T4 and losartan (10 mg/kg). Parameters tested after fourteen days of treatment were creatinine clearance, protein excretion rate, glomerular volume, renal ACE1 and ACE2 protein expression. Data were compared using One-way-ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thyroxine caused glomerular hypertrophy and proteinuria but had no effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Glomerular hypertrophy was prevented by losartan and captopril, but not by Ang 1-7. Captopril and losartan had no effect on GFR; however, Ang 1-7 caused an increase in GFR in T4-treated rats. The increase in protein excretion rate was prevented by losartan but not by captopril or Ang 1-7. Renal expression of ACE1 protein was not altered in any of the treatment groups except in captopril treated rats were ACE1 expression was increased. Renal ACE2 protein expression was only increased in T4-losartan-treated rats and not affected by any of the other treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that losartan was more protective than captopril against thyroxine-induced renal changes while Ang 1-7 offered no protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic performance of neck ultrasound in follow-up of advanced stage differentiated thyroid cancer.","authors":"Vicki Munro, Syed Mustafa, Ferhan S Siddiqi, Murali Rajaraman, Andreu F Costa, Syed Ali Imran","doi":"10.1186/s13044-024-00213-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-024-00213-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) requires long-term follow-up due to the risk of delayed recurrence. Follow-up surveillance involves serial neck ultrasound (US) and thyroglobulin (Tg); however, the optimal frequency and diagnostic performance of neck US outside of specialized thyroid cancer centres in higher risk patients is not well defined. We sought to evaluate the diagnostic performance of US and serial Tg in advanced stage DTC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed our thyroid cancer database for patients with stage III and IV DTC from 2006 to 2018, total thyroidectomy, and at least 2 years follow-up to assess recurrence rates. Those with hemi-thyroidectomy or anti-Tg antibodies were excluded. Diagnostic performance of US and Tg were assessed using a composite reference standard of follow-up imaging and pathology. All relevant US were reviewed by a blinded expert radiologist for uniformity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 136 included patients (91 females, mean age 58.9), 26 (19%) had recurrence of DTC over median follow-up of 6.6 years (IQR 5.3-9.3). The sensitivity and specificity of US in diagnosing cervical recurrence were 73.3% (95% CI 0.51-0.96) and 68.3% (95% CI 0.60-0.77) based on historical reports, respectively, and 80% (95% CI 0.60-1.00) and 87.8% (95% CI 0.82-0.93) based on blinded expert review, respectively. Tg had a sensitivity of 95.5% (95% CI 0.89-1.0) and specificity of 96.2% (95% CI 0.92-0.99) in detecting cervical recurrence or distant metastases. False positive US findings on historical US and subsequent review occurred in 38 (28%) and 15 (11%) patients, respectively, while 5 (3.6%) had false positive Tg results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serial Tg has better sensitivity and specificity than US for detecting recurrence of advanced stage DTC. Furthermore, re-interpretation of abnormal findings using structured US reporting with a subspecialized reader may improve diagnostic performance of US and improve its utility in clinical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic characteristics of thyroid nodules with a Halo.","authors":"Danming Cao, Rong Zou, Ming Zhang, Kui Tang","doi":"10.1186/s13044-024-00208-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13044-024-00208-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the sonographic characteristics of thyroid nodules with a halo, explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) combined with fine needle aspiration (FNA) in identifying nodules with a halo, and predict the risk of metastasis by analyzing the pathological features of the halo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 185 postoperative cases of thyroid nodules accompanied by halos between January 2019 and December 2022. After describing the ultrasound characteristics of the thyroid nodules and their halos, all patients were divided into three groups, the first group (group I = CEUS only) of patients underwent CEUS, the second group (group II = CEUS + FNA) underwent FNA based on the first group, and the third group (group III = FNA only) underwent FNA directly. The CEUS and FNA results were graded using the Chinese Thyroid Imaging Report and Data System (C-TIRADS) and Bethesda Reporting System for Thyroid Cytopathology, respectively. Those graded below C-TIRADS 4b or Bethesda IV were defined as benign, and the results of FNA were referenced when the two methods were combined. The surgical pathology results were used as the gold standard. We plotted working curves to compare the diagnostic efficacy of CEUS and FNA alone and in combination in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules with halos. The pathological features of the halo were analyzed and the number of patients with cervical lymph node metastases was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and sixty patients met the requirements. Benign nodules were mainly characterized by a thin (0.75 ± 0.31 mm) and uniform halo with good integrity, while malignant nodules had a thicker (1.48 ± 0.51 mm) halo with uneven and irregular margins (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity were highest when the cutoff value was 1.09 mm, with 76.08% and 84.29%, respectively. The halos of benign nodules were mostly hyper- or iso-enhanced, whereas the halos of malignant nodules were predominantly hypo-enhanced (P < 0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) for CEUS, FNA, and CEUS + FNA were 0.751(95% CI = 0.642-0.841), 0.863(95% CI = 0.767-0.929), and 0.918(95% CI = 0.834-0.967), respectively. Cervical lymph node metastasis occurred in only 13 (11.5%) malignant nodes with halos. The primary pathological components of the halo around malignant nodules were almost reactive hyperplastic fibrous tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The halo surrounding malignant thyroid nodules is thicker, with uneven and irregular margins, and shows hypo-enhancement on CEUS. Combining CEUS with FNA improves the diagnostic efficacy of thyroid nodules with halos. The reactive hyperplastic fibrous halo may be one of the reasons why malignant nodules are less likely to metastasize.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between gene mutations and clinical characteristics in papillary thyroid cancer: a retrospective analysis of BRAF mutations and RET rearrangements.","authors":"Daisuke Uno, Kazuhira Endo, Tomomi Yoshikawa, Nobuyuki Hirai, Eiji Kobayashi, Yosuke Nakanishi, Satoru Kondo, Tomokazu Yoshizaki","doi":"10.1186/s13044-024-00209-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-024-00209-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Activation of the MAPK pathway by genetic mutations (such as BRAF and RET) initiates and accelerates the growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the correlation between genetic mutations and clinical features remains to be established. Therefore, this study aimed to retrospectively analyze major genetic mutations, specifically BRAF mutations and RET rearrangements, and develop a treatment algorithm by comparing background and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>One hundred thirteen patients with primary PTC were included in this study. BRAF mutations were detected via Sanger sequencing and RET rearrangements were detected via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence of BRAF mutations and RET rearrangements and their clinical characteristics (age, sex, TNM, stage, extratumoral extension, tumor size, unifocal/multifocal lesions, vascular invasion, differentiation, chronic thyroiditis, preoperative serum thyroglobulin level, and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake) were compared subsequently.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>After excluding unanalyzable specimens, 80 PTC patients (22 males and 58 females, mean age: 57.2 years) were included in the study. RET rearrangements were positive in 8 cases (10%), and BRAF mutation was positive in 63 (78.6%). The RET rearrangement group was significantly associated with younger age (p = 0.024), multifocal lesion (p = 0.048), distant metastasis (p = 0.025) and decreased ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (p < 0.001). The BRAF mutation group was significantly associated with unifocal lesions (p = 0.02) and increased ¹⁸F-FDG uptake (p = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, an increase in M classification cases was found in the RET rearrangements group. However, genetic mutations were not associated with the clinical stage, and no factors that could be incorporated into the treatment algorithm were identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of LINC02454-related key pathways and genes in papillary thyroid cancer by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA).","authors":"Yingjian Song, Lin Wang, Yi Ren, Xilei Zhou, Juan Tan","doi":"10.1186/s13044-024-00205-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13044-024-00205-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our previous study demonstrated that long intergenic noncoding RNA 02454 (LINC02454) may act as an oncogene to promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells. This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms whereby LINC02454 is related to PTC tumorigenesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thyroid cancer RNA sequence data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify modules closely associated with PTC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was used to identify the key pathways, and the maximal clique centrality (MCC) topological method was used to identify the hub genes. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was used to compare expression levels of key genes between PTC samples and normal samples and explore the prognostic value of key genes. The key genes were further validated with GEO dataset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The top 5000 variable genes were investigated, followed by an analysis of 8 modules, and the turquoise module was the most positively correlated with the clinical stage of PTC. KEGG pathway analysis found the top two pathways of the ECM - receptor interaction and MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, five key genes (FN1, LAMB3, ITGA3, SDC4, and IL1RAP) were identified through the MCC algorithm and KEGG analysis. The expression levels of the five key genes were significantly upregulated in thyroid cancer in both TCGA and GEO datasets, and of these five genes, FN1 and ITGA3 were associated with poor disease-free prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study identified five key genes and two key pathways associated with LINC02454, which might shed light on the underlying mechanism of LINC02454 action in PTC.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}