Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Use of artificial intelligence for medication adherence assessment in patients with type 2 diabetes: an exploratory study in Morocco using ChatGPT and the validated general medication adherence scale.","authors":"Maryem Arraji, Mohamed Khalis, Mohamed Chahboune","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Medication adherence remains a major challenge in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially in middle-income countries such as Morocco. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, large language models, including ChatGPT, may offer new opportunities for clinical research through simulated patient profiles. This study examined the feasibility of using ChatGPT to generate culturally contextualized virtual profiles of Moroccan patients with T2D and to apply the validated Moroccan Arabic dialect version of the general medication adherence scale (GMAS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This exploratory pilot simulation study used ChatGPT-4 to generate 11 virtual profiles based on representative sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of Moroccan patients with T2D. Each profile was administered the validated Moroccan Arabic dialect version of the GMAS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four profiles (36.4%) showed high adherence, 6 (54.5%) displayed moderate adherence, and 1 (9.1%) exhibited low adherence. Expert evaluations were consistent, with all ratings ≥3 on a 4-point scale, supporting the credibility and cultural appropriateness of the profiles. The simulated patterns reflected real-world trends, with higher adherence among profiles treated with oral antidiabetic drugs, covered by health insurance, and having shorter disease duration, and lower adherence among profiles using insulin, lacking insurance, and having longer disease duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ChatGPT generated credible, culturally adapted patient profiles that enabled application of a validated psychometric tool in a simulated environment. This rapid, low-cost approach may support exploratory research, healthcare training, and intervention design. Comparative studies using real patient data are needed to confirm validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bioethics-informed public health imperative for surrogacy regulation in Africa.","authors":"Kavuma Sharif","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of associations between facility structure and air quality managers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices by COVID-19 outbreak status in welfare facilities for persons with disabilities: a cross-sectional survey study in South Korea.","authors":"Mi Yu, Bryan Inho Kim, Jungyeon Yu, Sanghwan Bae, Seyoung Kim, Su Jin Kang, Sangwon Lee, Sang-Eun Lee","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated associations between building structure and managers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding indoor air quality in welfare facilities for persons with disabilities, comparing facilities with and without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cluster outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A web-based survey was conducted among managers of 242 welfare facilities for persons with disabilities in the Republic of Korea. Facilities were recruited from a national sampling frame of approximately 3,000 facilities, yielding a response rate of 8.1%. The 80-item questionnaire assessed building characteristics and air quality-related KAP scores. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with cluster outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 242 facilities, 50.8% had experienced cluster outbreaks. Facilities in complex/multi-use buildings had higher odds of outbreaks than those in detached buildings did (adjusted odds ratio, 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-3.91; p=0.006). For managerial factors, facilities with outbreaks tended to have lower attitude scores (p=0.02); however, this association did not remain statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (adjusted α=0.0083). No significant differences were observed in knowledge or practice scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Building structure, particularly complex/multi-use configuration, was associated with COVID-19 cluster outbreaks. Managerial KAP scores were not definitively associated with outbreaks under the conservative significance threshold, but the observed trends suggest that institutional support, ventilation guidance, and practical training for facility managers may help strengthen future infection-prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal control strategies for dengue transmission under varying adult prevalence of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes: a deterministic mathematical modeling study.","authors":"Fadilaturrohmah Nur, Yongkuk Kim","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop prevalence-informed post-release dengue control strategies for settings in which Wolbachia-carrying Aedes aegypti mosquitoes have become established through population replacement and to quantify how optimal supplementary intervention intensity and duration vary with adult Wolbachia prevalence, pW.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A deterministic human-mosquito model was formulated that included Wolbachia-free and Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes and incorporated cytoplasmic incompatibility, maternal transmission, and reduced vector competence. Two bounded supplementary controls were optimized over a 3-year horizon: reduction of effective human-mosquito contact and conventional adult mosquito suppression, represented by increased adult mortality. A quadratic-cost optimal-control problem was solved numerically using the Pontryagin maximum principle and a forward/backward sweep algorithm. Outcomes were compared across representative pW scenarios and prevalence scans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal policies applied high-intensity supplementary control early in the planning horizon and then relaxed control as infection pressure declined. Higher pW reduced the uncontrolled infection burden, decreased the incremental benefit of additional intervention, and shortened the duration of maximum control. In coarse scans with umax=0.30, the terminal dengue infection near-elimination indicator, defined as IH (T)≤10-4 at T=3 years, changed between pW=0.45 and pW=0.50 for all tested cost-weight combinations. A separate refined continuation example demonstrated non-monotonic mean control use and a sharp decrease in cumulative incidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adult Wolbachia prevalence measured through entomological surveillance may represent an actionable index for post-release dengue management. The identified transition band is a model-based planning indicator, not a universal field threshold or evidence of mosquito population elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilient public health in a changing world: as threats expand and prevention retreats.","authors":"Jong-Koo Lee","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0615","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":"17 4","pages":"287-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between lifestyle inflammation score and quality of life according to depressive symptom status: a cross-sectional study in the Republic of Korea.","authors":"Jaegeun Cho, Eunvin Kang, Young-Joo Won","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0153","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examined the association between lifestyle inflammation score (LIS) and health-related quality of life, assessed using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) index, among adults in the Republic of Korea. It also evaluated whether depressive symptoms moderated this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2024 Community Health Survey were analyzed, and 231,386 adults were included. LIS was calculated by integrating smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and body mass index. The dependent variable, quality of life, was assessed using the EQ-5D index. Depressive symptoms, the moderator variable, were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, with a score of ≥10 indicating depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed using complex-sample multivariable linear regression to examine interaction effects according to depressive symptom status, followed by simple-slope analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for demographic and health-related variables, LIS was significantly and negatively associated with the EQ-5D index (β= -0.0069, p< 0.001), indicating that higher levels of inflammation-related lifestyle behaviors were associated with poorer quality of life. Depressive symptoms significantly moderated the association between LIS and the EQ5D index (β= -0.01727, p< 0.001). Simple-slope analyses showed that the adverse association between LIS and quality of life was stronger among individuals with depressive symptoms (β= -0.02349) than among those without depressive symptoms (β= -0.00621).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inflammation-related lifestyle behaviors were associated with reduced quality of life, and this negative association was stronger among individuals with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that considering both lifestyle-related inflammatory burden and depressive symptoms may help explain population-level differences in quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"362-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early circulation of influenza A(H3N2) subclade K: antigenic drift and vaccine effectiveness.","authors":"Mehreen Naz, Shah Fahad Khan Jogezai, Garzeen Ghaffar","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0594","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0594","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"371-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal dynamics, climate associations, and surveillance performance of Lassa fever in Nigeria, 2020-2025: a national longitudinal analysis.","authors":"Ayokunle John Tadema, Faith Mmesoma Nwosu, Oluwatumilara Ayokunle Abimbola","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0226","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We examined national temporal trends, laboratory-confirmation performance, and climate associations in Lassa fever surveillance in Nigeria from 2020 to 2025, and assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on surveillance metrics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 307 consecutive weeks of national Lassa fever surveillance data using an ecological study design. Primary outcomes included confirmed-case counts, case fatality rate (CFR), and laboratory-confirmation rate (LCR). Temporal trends were evaluated using regression models, climate associations using correlation and negative binomial regression analyses, and the impact of COVID-19 using interrupted time-series analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 47,029 suspected cases, 6,288 confirmed cases, and 975 deaths were reported. The mean LCR was 11.2% (standard deviation, 7.2%), declining from 18.4% in 2020 to 9.9% in 2025 (p <0.001). The overall CFR was 15.5%, with no significant downward trend over time. Confirmed cases were inversely associated with weekly rainfall (rs=-0.589, p <0.0001) and positively associated with mean temperature (rs=0.462, p<0.0001). Peak season incidence was 5.3-fold higher than that during off-peak periods. The COVID-19 lockdown period was associated with an immediate reduction in confirmed cases without a corresponding reduction in suspected cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lassa fever surveillance in Nigeria from 2020 to 2025 was characterized by a declining LCR, persistently elevated CFR, and a climate-linked seasonal pattern of increasing intensity, findings that are consistent with, but do not definitively establish, systemic underascertainment. CFR trends may partly reflect case-mix variation and detection bias. Because of the ecological study design, causal inferences cannot be drawn. These findings underscore the need for resilient, climate-informed, One Health surveillance systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"310-321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child health problems and social determinants as predictors of postpartum depression: a cross-sectional study using 2023 Indonesia Health Survey data.","authors":"Tri Wurisastuti, Santi Martini","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0223","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examined the predictive role of child health problems and social determinants in postpartum depression (PPD), with the aim of supporting early screening strategies and more comprehensive maternal health policies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey, conducted by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The analysis included 26,656 postpartum women aged at least 15 years who had given birth within the previous 24 months. PPD was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Child health problems were among the strongest factors associated with PPD in Indonesia. Having had an unplanned pregnancy was associated with higher odds of PPD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.90-5.25; p < 0.001), as was having a child with chronic illness (aOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.01-5.26; p= 0.048). Social risk factors, including younger maternal age, divorce or separation from a partner, unemployment, and lack of social support, were also associated with PPD in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Child health problems and adverse social conditions were significantly associated with postpartum mental health in Indonesia. Integrating early screening into maternal and child health services and strengthening maternal support systems may help reduce the burden of PPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"351-361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and genetic characterization of Kudoa septempunctata from foodborne outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, 2016-2024: a retrospective public-health surveillance investigation.","authors":"Jong-Hoon Choi, Sung-Hee Hong, Cha-Yoon Kim, Ji-Young Kwon, Ji Ye Seo, Se-Jin Jeong, Tae Yun Kim, Jung-Won Ju, Hee-Il Lee","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0426","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kudoa septempunctata is a marine myxosporean parasite implicated in seafood-borne acute gastroenteritis, predominantly associated with the consumption of raw olive flounder. This study aimed to characterize the molecular and genetic features of K. septempunctata-associated with foodborne outbreaks in the Republic of Korea from 2016 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed 415 suspected foodborne outbreaks reported through national surveillance between 2016 and 2024. Among these, 37 outbreaks with complete clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data from 2020 to 2024-including K. septempunctata testing and genotyping-were analyzed in detail.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diarrhea (88.8%) and vomiting (61.2%) were the most common symptoms. The detection rate of K. septempunctata was significantly higher in specimens collected ≤24 hours after raw fish consumption (69.8%) than in those collected > 24 hours after consumption (35.9%). Outbreak occurrence was higher during warmer months (May-October) than during other periods, although this difference was not statistically significant. All sequences obtained from patient specimens belonged to sequence type 3 (ST3) of K. septempunctata.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since 2020, the proportion of reported outbreaks associated with Kudoa has increased, indicating its continued public health relevance. The timing of specimen collection is a key determinant of K. septempunctata detection, as diagnostic yield declines significantly when specimens are collected more than 24 hours after exposure. These findings highlight the need for standardized rapid investigation protocols and an integrated surveillance system linking clinical data with seafood supply-chain information.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"300-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}