Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"The clonality and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia: a retrospective analysis from 2022 to 2023.","authors":"Ummu Afeera Zainulabid, Hui-Min Neoh, Xiong Khee Cheong, Najma Kori, Chee Lan Lau, Sunita Sulaiman, Siti Rokiah Yusof, Nur Ayuni Ahamad Faudzi, Maliha Farah Nurhazirah Yahya, Han Ming Gan, Sharifah Azura Salleh, Petrick Periyasamy","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cases of nosocomial carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) have been increasing steadily since the 1990s. In this study, we sought to assess CRKP clonal diversity and patterns of dissemination at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM), a tertiary university hospital located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From January 2022 to December 2023, all CRKP isolates from HCTM were included in the investigation. Associated patient demographic data and clinical histories were retrieved from hospital records. Antibiotic susceptibility data for the collected isolates were obtained from the HCTM diagnostic laboratory. Molecular typing was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) to identify genetic clusters. Based on ERIC-PCR clustering results and epidemiological investigations, selected CRKP isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to validate clonal relatedness, identify antimicrobial resistance genes, and establish phylogenomic relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, a total of 147 CRKP isolates were recovered from various wards across HCTM. All isolates exhibited resistance to imipenem, meropenem, or ertapenem, with 124 isolates confirmed as carbapenemase producers. ERIC-PCR identified 24 genetic clusters disseminated across 23 wards within HCTM. Twelve CRKP isolates were selected for WGS based on integrated epidemiological investigation and ERIC-PCR genotyping; sequence typing revealed ST17 as the dominant circulating CRKP lineage in the intensive care unit, ward 6E, and possibly across the hospital. The carbapenemase gene bla_NDM was detected in all WGS-analyzed CRKP isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating epidemiological investigation, phenotypic testing, molecular typing, and WGS is essential to understand resistance dynamics, map transmission, and guide hospital infection prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized medicine as a novel therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases: new insights and future prospects.","authors":"Mahdi Nasiri-Ghiri, Yaghoob Foolad, Shirin Mahmoodi, Abdolmajid Ghasemian","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune diseases are caused by dysfunction of the immune system, leading to inappropriate attacks on healthy tissues. Because patients have diverse genetic predispositions and heterogeneous responses to therapy, personalized medicine (PM) offers an opportunity to improve treatment effectiveness. PM uses diagnostic assessments to tailor treatment through individualized medical interventions. PM may improve therapeutic precision beyond traditional trial-and-error approaches, reduce adverse consequences, and improve outcomes by integrating genomic and transcriptomic data. PM considers genetic and molecular landscapes, immunologic factors, epigenetic influences, and environmental exposures to assess treatment response. However, challenges remain related to diagnostic access, the slow pace of biomarker identification, technological limitations, sustained patient engagement, data management, and computational requirements. Nevertheless, continued efforts to improve understanding of disease pathophysiology, gene expression, and immune regulation-together with the application of novel technologies and machine learning-may advance PM-based therapies. Additional opportunities include drug-target modeling and exploratory single-cell-based approaches to clarify patient-specific therapeutic mechanisms. This review briefly introduces the potential of PM for type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic profiling of the tolC component of the acrAB-TolC efflux pump in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: a cross-sectional study in Pontianak, Indonesia.","authors":"Mardhia Mardhia, Delima Fajar Liana, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Risa Agustina","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Its increasing prevalence poses substantial challenges to both hospital and public health systems due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Understanding the epidemiology of K. pneumoniae and its antimicrobial resistance characteristics may support antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to November 2025.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 62 isolates underwent phenotypic identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the BD Phoenix system (Becton Dickinson), followed by molecular detection of K. pneumoniae and efflux pump genes. Sanger sequencing was performed on isolates positive for the tolC gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the isolates, 66.1% were classified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, 6.5% as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and 6.5% as both ESBL and CRE producers. Most clinical isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and cefepime. The acrAB and tolC genes were detected in all 62 isolates. One isolate showed a genetic profile similar to that of the K. pneumoniae KP 52.145 strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance among K. pneumoniae isolates and confirmed the presence of efflux pump genes, including tolC, with observable genetic variability. Further investigation of tolC gene evolution is essential, as these genes play critical roles in antibiotic resistance mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change and older adults: mapping health impacts and intervention strategies: a scoping review.","authors":"Ponnarasu Ponnu, Manish Taywade, Sandeep Das","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review aimed to examine the impact of climate change on the health of older adults and to evaluate existing interventions targeting this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies included those focusing on adults aged 60 years and older that examined the physical and mental health impacts of climate change across any geographic setting or level of care. Descriptive and thematic analyses were performed to identify key findings and knowledge gaps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Climate change adversely affects the physical and mental health of older adults through increased exposure to infectious diseases, extreme temperatures, and poor air and water quality. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illnesses, cardiovascular events, and respiratory conditions, with women and individuals with comorbidities at higher risk. Climate change is also associated with increased anxiety, insomnia, and other mental health concerns in this population. Social support and targeted interventions-such as community awareness programs and subsidized cooling costs-are associated with reduced risk. Community-based initiatives have demonstrated potential in reducing mortality and enhancing resilience among older adults during extreme weather events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Healthcare professionals should be educated about climate-related health outcomes affecting older adults. Protecting this vulnerable population requires urgent, inclusive, and targeted strategies, including education, improved healthcare access, and tailored interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factor structure and measurement invariance of the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire: a secondary analysis of the Korea Health Panel survey.","authors":"Byungsun Park, Hanna Choi","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire, 3-level version (EQ-5D-3L), using Korea Health Panel (KHP) data by examining its factor structure, measurement invariance across gender and age groups, and longitudinal measurement invariance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Panel 1 data from the second survey year (2009), when the EQ-5D-3L was first introduced in the KHP, through the 12th year (2017) were analyzed, along with panel 2 data from 2019 to 2021. Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance tests by gender and age groups were conducted within each period. Longitudinal measurement invariance was also evaluated for each period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 1-factor model demonstrated good fit for the EQ-5D-3L. In panel 1, full measurement invariance across gender and age groups was supported. In panel 2, partial invariance was achieved after relaxing constraints on item 5. Longitudinal measurement invariance was supported over 5- and 10-year intervals in panel 1 and over a 3-year interval in panel 2, indicating temporal stability of the measurement model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The EQ-5D-3L used in the KHP panel 1 and panel 2 datasets demonstrates a stable 1-factor structure and acceptable measurement invariance across key subgroups and over time. These findings support the use of the EQ-5D-3L as an appropriate instrument for assessing health-related quality of life among Korean adults and for longitudinal analyses within large-scale panel surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status of hepatitis C treatment and its barriers in Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.","authors":"Ji Hyeon Kang, You Jeong Moon, Ung-Gyu Kim, Jung-Im Park, Chang Hun Lee, In Hee Kim, Ju-Hyung Lee, Jin Gwack","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In alignment with the World Health Organization's goal of eliminating hepatitis C, this study assessed the current treatment status and reasons for non-treatment among patients with hepatitis C in Jeonbuk State, Republic of Korea, to inform strategies for improving care engagement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among 311 individuals diagnosed with hepatitis C and reported through the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance system between January 2023 and June 2024, 208 patients were surveyed after excluding those who had died or could not be contacted. Statistical analyses included the chi-square test, the Cochran-Armitage test for trend, and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 116 participants (55.8%) reported having received antiviral therapy. Among the 92 untreated individuals, the most common reason for non-treatment was the absence of symptoms (n=23; 25.0%), followed by the burden of drug costs (n=21; 22.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight suboptimal treatment uptake and key barriers that may hinder progress toward hepatitis C elimination. Expanding screening and strengthening linkage-to-care strategies, while addressing financial barriers, will be essential to achieving national elimination targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis virus seroconversion among patients on maintenance hemodialysis in North India: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Pooja Yadav, Arpita Panda, Shilpee Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Deepthi Nair","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) due to repeated blood exposure, vascular access procedures, and blood transfusions. The study aimed to determine the seroconversion rates of HBV and HCV among patients undergoing dialysis and to identify associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 220 adult patients receiving dialysis who were seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies at baseline were enrolled. Serologic testing was repeated at 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen patients (7.3%) seroconverted to HBsAg positivity, and 23 (10.5%) seroconverted to anti-HCV positivity. HBV seroconversion was significantly associated with multiple dialysis center visits. HCV seroconversion was significantly associated with dialyzer reuse, multiple dialysis center visits, and dialysis duration ≥2 years. Elevated liver enzyme levels were strongly correlated with seroconversion for both viruses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HBV and HCV seroconversion remain concerns in HD units. Standardized infection control practices, minimization of patient transfers, and strict adherence to national guidelines are essential to reducing risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in a hospital setting in Republic of Korea: a retrospective observational study of personal protective equipment use and infection risk factors.","authors":"Seongwoo Park, Hye Young Lee, Jeong-Ran Kwon, Yuna Kim","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated a cluster of secondary human-to-human transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in a hospital setting, focusing on infection risk factors and the role of personal protective equipment (PPE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive epidemiological investigation was conducted following the death of an index patient with laboratory-confirmed SFTS. A total of 27 close contacts, including healthcare workers and a funeral director, were monitored for symptoms. Suspected cases underwent real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. Clinical features, PPE use, and exposure histories were analyzed. The Fisher exact test was used to assess associations between PPE use and infection. Viral genotyping and sequence analyses were performed to evaluate transmission routes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The index patient deteriorated rapidly and died after repeated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), during which 8 secondary cases occurred. Most infections were identified among individuals involved in CPR or postmortem care without adequate PPE. Although not statistically significant, infection rates were higher among those who did not wear masks or who used low-filtration masks. Proper use of gloves, gowns, and goggles was associated with lower infection rates. Cycle threshold values in secondary cases (range, 34-39) were higher than in the index case (14.07), suggesting lower viral loads. Sequence analysis demonstrated 99.6%-100% homology between the index and secondary cases; all isolates were genotype B, indicating direct transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides molecular and epidemiological evidence of nosocomial SFTS transmission. Inadequate PPE use during aerosol-generating procedures likely facilitated infection, underscoring the importance of strict adherence to PPE protocols and reinforced infection control practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborative networks, trends, and comparative analysis of artificial intelligence techniques in healthcare research: a narrative review.","authors":"Raj Kumar, Lovely Indora","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping healthcare by improving diagnosis and treatment planning, increasing operational efficiency, and streamlining administrative workflows. This paper integrates findings from an extensive PubMed search (2015-2025) with bibliometric analysis using RStudio and VOSviewer to investigate the comparative applications of AI methods in healthcare, collaborative networks, and emerging trends.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1,243 records were identified through the PubMed search, and after removal of 143 duplicates, 1,100 records were screened. Following full-text assessment and exclusion of ineligible studies, 986 articles were included in the final bibliometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main research areas included robotic-assisted surgery, predictive analytics, diagnostic imaging, and precision medicine, with particular emphasis on the prevalence of machine learning and deep learning in imaging and the increasing application of natural language processing to unstructured medical information.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review emphasizes the need for greater budgetary allocation to scalable and pragmatic AI technologies and for interdisciplinary cooperation among researchers, industry, and healthcare providers. Despite this growth, challenges such as algorithmic bias, data integration, and ethical concerns persist. The paper also highlights the importance of equitable collaboration, accountable AI, and multinational partnerships in ensuring that AI can be used ethically and efficiently in healthcare over the long term to improve patient care and biomedical innovation. It does so by mapping international and regional trends, identifying the most influential authors, institutions, and funding sources, and evaluating methodological approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for a perinatal origin of childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and protective factors.","authors":"Andi Rispah Sulistianingsih, Nurjazuli Nurjazuli, Martha Irene Kartasurya, Syamsulhuda Budi Musthofa, Jauhari Oka Reuwpassa","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review aimed to identify perinatal risk factors associated with obesity in children aged ≤5 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This studyfollowed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception, without language or date restrictions. In addition, gray literature sources, including LILACS and CNKI, were screened for comprehensive evidence synthesis. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled risk ratios. Study quality was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24,643 articles were screened, and 39 cohort studies were included in the final analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 169 to 333,353 participants. Meta-analysis results indicated that high gestational weight gain (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.82), history of cesarean section (aRR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.17-1.33), macrosomia (aRR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.55-2.27), antibiotic use (aRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14-1.51), pre-pregnancy obesity (aRR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.21-2.73), and female sex (aRR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.32-1.61) were associated with an increased risk of obesity in children aged ≤5 years. Exclusive breastfeeding (aRR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.64-0.85) was identified as a protective factor..</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Perinatal factors and pre-pregnancy obesity played important roles in increasing the risk of obesity in children aged ≤5 years. Breastfeeding was associated with a protective effect against childhood obesity. Therefore, obesity prevention efforts should begin during pregnancy, and maintaining appropriate maternal weight before conception is equally essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}