Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Effects of green coffee supplementation on paraoxonase-1 activity and malondialdehyde levels in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Azam Ildarabadi, Marzieh Vahid-Dastjerdi, Mina Ghorbanpour, Ahmad Mousavi, Mehrnoush Meshkani, Mirsaeed Yekaninejad, Ahmad Saedisomeolia","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, heterogeneous clinical syndrome affecting women. Investigating oxidative stress in women is crucial, as it is linked to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Chlorogenic acid, a bioactive component found in green coffee, has numerous documented health benefits. This study aimed to assess the beneficial effects of green coffee consumption on paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in women with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial that included 44 patients with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. For 6 weeks, the intervention group (n=22) received 400 mg of green coffee supplements, while the control group (n=22) received 400 mg of a starch-based placebo. Anthropometric indices, dietary assessments, and physical activity levels were evaluated before and after the 6-week intervention period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementation with green coffee increased PON-1 levels by 3.5 units, a significant finding (p=0.038). Additionally, the intake of green coffee supplements significantly reduced blood cholesterol levels by 18.8 units (p=0.013) and triglyceride levels by 6.1 units (p=0.053). However, no significant differences were observed in the levels of MDA, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, fasting blood sugar, insulin, or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance as a result of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementation with green coffee alters PON-1 activity and cholesterol levels in women with PCOS. However, it has no significant impact on MDA levels or glycemic status.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of brucellosis-causing pathogens with an emphasis on the prevalence of Brucella melitensis in the Republic of Korea: insights from a decade of pathogen surveillance (2014-2023), a retrospective study.","authors":"In-Sook Shin, Su-Gwon Roh, Byoung-Chul Gill, Young-Suk Kim, Kyung-Won Hwang","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0134","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The main Brucella species causing human infections in the Republic of Korea is Brucella abortus, which uses cattle as its host. However, since 2014, Brucella melitensis, which uses sheep and goats as hosts, has also been identified. This study investigated whether a shift has occurred in the predominant species of Brucella pathogens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Brucellosis is a class 3 infectious disease requiring mandatory reporting and registration in the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency's infectious disease surveillance system (http://is.kdca.go.kr). Cases from 2014 to 2023 were studied, and whole-genome sequencing analysis was conducted using BruMLSA21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 51 patients, males (45 patients, 88.2%) were predominantly affected. Twentyfive patients (49%) came from the livestock industry, and within the livestock sector group, the route of infection occurred exclusively through contact (25/25, 100%), whereas in other occupations, it was split between contact (9/26 patients, 34.6%) and ingestion (8/26 patients, 30.8%). Among the 31 patients who underwent Brucella culture tests, B. melitensis was found to be more prevalent than B. abortus (14 patients, 45.2% vs. 11 patients, 35.5%). In all cases where B. melitensis was isolated, the infections were of foreign origin, consistent with the results of BruMLSA21.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regular monitoring of the causative agent of brucellosis is necessary due to its varying host preferences and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, given the increasing prevalence of B. melitensis worldwide, changes in dietary habits (e.g., increased lamb consumption), and the increase in foreign workers and Chinese immigrants, a multi-ministerial One Health response will be required.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison and consideration of vaccine injury compensation programs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan.","authors":"Cho Ryok Kang, Young June Choe, Jihyun Moon, Dooyoung Kim, Taemi Kim, Jong-Koo Lee","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0129","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to establish a foundation for future collaborations aimed at preparing for and responding to infectious diseases by examining the vaccine injury compensation programs (VICPs) of East Asian countries. We reviewed the current status of VICPs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan by searching national government websites and reviewing relevant literature. Additionally, we conducted email inquiries targeting experts from Japan and Taiwan. Through the comprehensive analysis of VICPs in these 3 countries covered various aspects, we identified several similarities and differences in the VICPs across these countries. While the governments of the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan play a central role in supporting investigations into vaccine injuries and managing compensation procedures based on legal statutes, they differ in terms of financial resources for compensation, the range of vaccines covered, and the criteria for assessing causality. In the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, compensation is typically paid in a lump sum, although the specific benefits available vary by country. This study on VICPs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan provides valuable insights for the further development and management of domestic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life in lung cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study in the Republic of Korea.","authors":"Hyeong-Pyo Kim, Duck-Won Oh, Dong-Kyu Kim","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0146","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), dyspnea, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), as well as the factors influencing HRQOL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 129 lung cancer survivors (mean age, 53.4 years; 77 men and 52 women; mean time since diagnosis, 1.6 years; and cancer stage [1/2/3/4/relapse], 43/31/19/34/2, respectively) completed a questionnaire that included demographic and clinical information, as well as questions about the severity of sleep apnea, dyspnea, and HRQOL. The severity of OSA, dyspnea, and HRQOL were assessed using the Berlin questionnaire, the Dyspnea-10 item (FACIT-Dyspnea), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The severity of OSA and dyspnea exhibited negative correlations with HRQOL (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that several factors significantly impacted the HRQOL of lung cancer survivors. These included the extent of dyspnea (β=-0.369, p<0.01), weight loss (β =0.192, p<0.01), OSA score (β =-0.215, p<0.01), stage 2 cancer (β =-0.181, p<0.01), and poor perceived health status (β=-0.179, p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that breathing difficulties, including OSA and dyspnea, contribute to decreased HRQOL. This study offers valuable insights for researchers and clinicians, aiding in the development of effective strategies to manage these issues in daily life.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of the bivalent COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination among persons aged over 18 years in the Republic of Korea.","authors":"Seok-Kyoung Choi, Seontae Kim, Mijeong Ko, Yeseul Heo, Tae Eun Kim, Yeonkyeong Lee, Juyeon Jang, Eunok Bahng","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0194","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to disseminate information about the safety of bivalent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA booster vaccines administered to adults in the Republic of Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two databases were used to assess the safety of COVID-19 booster doses of Pfizer BA.1, Pfizer BA.4/5, Moderna BA.1, and Moderna BA.4/5 vaccines for adults aged 18 years and older. Adverse events (AEs) were analyzed using data reported to the web-based COVID-19 vaccination management system (CVMS) and a self-reported text-message survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between October 11, 2022 and March 30, 2023, the CVMS received reports of 2,369 (93.7%) non-serious AEs from vaccinated adults, along with 158 (6.3%) serious AEs, which included 5 cases of anaphylaxis and 33 deaths. From October 11, 2022 to January 27, 2023, 40,022 people aged 18 and older responded to a survey conducted via text message. The booster doses were associated with fewer local and systemic AEs compared to the original vaccines. After receiving the bivalent vaccine, the most commonly reported AEs were pain at the injection site, headache, fatigue, and myalgia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, bivalent vaccines exhibited fewer AEs compared to the original vaccines. The majority of AEs were non-serious, and serious AEs were rare among adults aged 18 years and older following vaccination with the Pfizer and Moderna bivalent vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of indicators used in regular risk assessments for COVID-19 in association with contextual factors.","authors":"Sujin Hong, Jiyoung Oh, Jia Lee, Yongmoon Kim, Bryan Inho Kim, Min Jei Lee, Hyunjung Kim, Sangwoo Tak","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0141","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to summarize the results of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk assessments and to examine the associations between risk levels and various indicators, including COVID-19 incidence, risk perception, community mobility, and government policy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The results of the risk assessment and the indicators utilized were summarized. From November 2021 to May 2022, the COVID-19 risk level was evaluated on a weekly basis, and its correlation with these indicators was analyzed. Data were obtained from press releases by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, regular surveys conducted by Hankook Research, and information available on the Google and Oxford websites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weekly risk assessments were conducted for 30 weeks, using different indices depending on the phases. Correlation analysis revealed the strongest positive correlation between risk level and risk perception (r=0.841). The risk level from \"1-week lead\" demonstrated a strong positive correlation with the time-varying reproduction number (Rt). Similarly, the risk level from \"week lagged value\" showed a strong positive correlation with the number of severe cases in the hospital.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>At the time of risk assessment, the Rt precedes the risk level, while severe cases in hospitals follow. Therefore, the assessed risk level functioned as an early warning system. Risk perception demonstrated the strongest correlation with the risk level, suggesting consistency throughout the assessment period. Contextual indicators (e.g., risk perception) that consider time lags and implementation scales, could improve the evaluation of future risk assessment results, particularly when there are challenges in reflecting specific situations in coordinated emergency response.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":"15 5","pages":"420-428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BCED-Net: Breast Cancer Ensemble Diagnosis Network using transfer learning and the XGBoost classifier with mammography images.","authors":"Drishti Arora, Rakesh Garg, Farhan Asif","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0361","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer poses a significant global health challenge, characterized by complex origins and the potential for life-threatening metastasis. The critical need for early and accurate detection is underscored by the 685,000 lives claimed by the disease worldwide in 2020. Deep learning has made strides in advancing the prompt diagnosis of breast cancer. However, obstacles persist, such as dealing with high-dimensional data and the risk of overfitting, necessitating fresh approaches to improve accuracy and real-world applicability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In response to these challenges, we propose BCED-Net, which stands for Breast Cancer Ensemble Diagnosis Network. This innovative framework leverages transfer learning and the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier on the Breast Cancer RSNA dataset. Our methodology involved feature extraction using pre-trained models-namely, Resnet50, EfficientnetB3, VGG19, Densenet121, and ConvNeXtTiny-followed by the concatenation of the extracted features. Our most promising configuration combined features extracted from deep convolutional neural networks-namely Resnet50, EfficientnetB3, and ConvNeXtTiny-that were classified using the XGBoost classifier.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ensemble approach demonstrated strong overall performance with an accuracy of 0.89. The precision, recall, and F1-score values, which were all at 0.86, highlight a balanced trade-off between correctly identified positive instances and the ability to capture all actual positive samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BCED-Net represents a significant leap forward in addressing persistent issues such as the high dimensionality of features and the risk of overfitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":"15 5","pages":"409-419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural-urban differences in common mental disorders among Indonesian youth: a cross-sectional national survey.","authors":"Marizka Khairunnisa, Diah Yunitawati, Leny Latifah, Diyan Ermawan Effendi, Yunita Fitrianti, Sri Handayani, Hastin Dyah Kusumawardani","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0385","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The onset of common mental disorders (CMDs) is most prevalent among youth; thus, mental health management is crucial. We examined differences in risk and risk factor determinants regarding CMDs prevalence among youth in rural and urban Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesia National Health Survey. The population comprised 122,114 respondents, aged 15 to 24 years, who had completed the 20-item Self-Report Questionnaire along with providing demographic and health behavior data. Chi-square testing and logistic regression were employed for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CMDs risk was higher among urban than rural youth. Risk factors impacting both populations included being female, having a lower education level, consuming fewer than 7 portions of vegetables weekly, smoking, and drinking alcohol (p<0.05). Consuming under 7 portions of fruit weekly and being in the highest or lowest wealth quintile were significant risk factors only in urban youth, while unemployment and divorce were significant only among rural respondents (p<0.05). Marriage was protective against CMDs among rural participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Being male, possessing a college degree, consuming at least 7 portions of vegetables weekly, not smoking, and not consuming alcohol were associated with reduced CMDs risk in urban and rural youth. Among rural youth, marriage and employment were linked to decreased risk, whereas divorce displayed the opposite relationship. In urban populations, consuming at least 7 portions of fruit weekly and belonging to neither the highest nor the lowest economic quintile were protective factors. Management strategies for CMDs in young people must address these considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"440-450"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology of comparative studies on the relative effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review.","authors":"Erdenetuya Bolormaa, Jiae Shim, Young-Sook Choi, Donghyok Kwon, Young June Choe, Seung-Ah Choe","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0063","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to comprehensively outline the methodological approaches used in published research comparing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted on June 13, 2024, to identify comparative studies evaluating the effectiveness of mRNA versus non-mRNA and monovalent versus bivalent COVID-19 vaccines. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, collecting data on publication year, country, sample size, study population composition, study design, VE estimates, outcomes, and covariates. Studies that reported relative VE (rVE) were analyzed separately from those that did not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 25 articles comparing rVE between mRNA and non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, as well as between monovalent and bivalent formulations. Among the studies assessing VE by vaccine type, 126 did not provide rVE estimates. Comparative VE studies frequently employed retrospective cohort designs. Among the definitions of rVE used, the most common were hazard ratio and absolute VE, calculated as (1-odds ratio)×100. Studies were most frequently conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States, and the most common outcome was infection. Most targeted the general population and assessed the VE of mRNA vaccines using the AstraZeneca vaccine as a reference. A small proportion, 7.3% (n=11), did not adjust for any variables. Only 3 studies (2.0%) adjusted for all core confounding variables recommended by the World Health Organization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Few comparative studies of COVID-19 vaccines have incorporated rVE methodologies. Reporting rVE and employing a consistent set of covariates can broaden our understanding of COVID-19 vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":"15 5","pages":"395-408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual and contextual factors associated with measles infection in Malaysia: a multilevel analysis.","authors":"Mohd Rujhan Hadfi Mat Daud, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Wan Nor Arifin, Jamiatul Aida Md Sani, Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah","doi":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0156","DOIUrl":"10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite effective vaccination strategies, measles remains a global public health challenge. The study explored individual and contextual factors associated with measles infection in Malaysia from 2018 to 2022, informing the development of targeted public health interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilised data from the Ministry of Health, the Department of Statistics, and the Department of Environment Malaysia. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was employed to examine individual-level factors, including age, sex, ethnicity, nationality, contact history, travel history, and vaccination status. Concurrently, contextual factors were assessed, encompassing district-level determinants such as population density, median household income, urbanisation, the number of health and rural clinics, vaccination rates, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) levels, relative humidity, and temperature, to determine their impact on measles infection risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Measles infection was significantly associated with various individual factors. These included age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.03), ethnicity, non-Malaysian nationality (aOR, 34.53; 95% CI, 8.42- 141.51), prior contact with a measles case (aOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 2.07-2.69), travel history (aOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.13-4.70), and vaccination status (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72-0.79). Among contextual factors, urbanisation (aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.16- 2.10) and the number of clinics (aOR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99) were significant determinants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This multilevel logistic regression analysis illuminates the complexities of measles transmission, advocating public health interventions tailored to individual and contextual vulnerabilities. The findings highlight the need for a synergistic approach that combines vaccination campaigns, healthcare accessibility improvements, and socioeconomic interventions to effectively combat measles.</p>","PeriodicalId":38949,"journal":{"name":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"429-439"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}