{"title":"Neural processor design enabled by memristor technology","authors":"Chenchen Liu, Yiran Chen, Hai Helen Li","doi":"10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738693","url":null,"abstract":"Matrix-vector multiplication is a key computing operation in neural processor design and hence greatly affects the execution efficiency. Memristor crossbar is highly attractive for the implementation of matrix-vector multiplication for its analog storage states, high integration density, and built-in parallel execution. The current deign schemes can be generally divided into two different approaches - “spiking-based” design and “levelbased” design. The performance and robustness of the proposed neural process designs are also evaluated by using the application of digital image recognition. In this work, a heuristic flow including device modeling, circuit design, architecture, and algorithm is studied. The proposed neural processor designs that leverages nano-scale memristor technology are summarize and compared. This work indicates that the spiking neuromorphic engine has a good tolerance in resistive device imperfection, but more vulnerable to the fluctuations in output spike generation. The improved level-based computing engine has a higher computation accuracy with better stability.","PeriodicalId":387008,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133099128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computing with dynamical systems","authors":"Fred Rothganger, C. James, J. Aimone","doi":"10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738701","url":null,"abstract":"The effort to develop larger-scale computing systems introduces a set of related challenges: Large machines are more difficult to synchronize. The sheer quantity of hardware introduces more opportunities for errors. New approaches to hardware, such as low-energy or neuromorphic devices are not directly programmable by traditional methods.","PeriodicalId":387008,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129159459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FinSAL: A novel FinFET based Secure Adiabatic Logic for energy-efficient and DPA resistant IoT devices","authors":"S. D. Kumar, H. Thapliyal, Azhar Mohammad","doi":"10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738710","url":null,"abstract":"With the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT), there is an urgent need to design energy-efficient and secure IoT devices. For example, IoT devices such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSN) employ AES cryptographic modules that are susceptible to Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attacks. With the scaling of technology, leakage power in the cryptographic devices increases, which increases the vulnerability to DPA attacks. This paper presents a novel FinFET based Secure Adiabatic Logic (FinSAL), that is energy-efficient and DPA-immune. The proposed adiabatic FinSAL is used to design logic gates such as buffers, XOR, and NAND. Further, the logic gates based on adiabatic FinSAL are used to implement a Positive Polarity Reed Midler (PPRM) architecture based S-box circuit. SPICE simulations at 12.5 MHz show that adiabatic FinSAL S-box circuit saves up to 84% of energy per cycle as compared to the conventional S-box circuit implemented using FinFET. Further, the security of adiabatic FinSAL S-box circuit has been evaluated by performing the DPA attack through SPICE simulations. We proved that the FinSAL S-box circuit is resistant to a DPA attack through a developed DPA attack flow applicable to SPICE simulations.","PeriodicalId":387008,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127788055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optically-inspired computing based on spin waves","authors":"Á. Papp, G. Csaba, W. Porod","doi":"10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738707","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate the use of spin-wave interference for analog signal processing. We show that wave-computing concepts of optical computing can be used for the design of novel nanoscale spin-wave devices. We present a number of designs to demonstrate, how the basic building blocks of optics can be realized for spin waves. Our designs are demonstrated by means of micromagnetic simulations.","PeriodicalId":387008,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128549554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Lent, K. Henderson, S. Kandel, S. Corcelli, G. Snider, A. Orlov, P. Kogge, M. Niemier, Ryan C. Brown, J. Christie, Natalie A. Wasio, Rebecca C. Quardokus, R. P. Forrest, Jacob P. Peterson, Angela Silski, David A. Turner, E. Blair, Yuhui Lu
{"title":"Molecular cellular networks: A non von Neumann architecture for molecular electronics","authors":"C. Lent, K. Henderson, S. Kandel, S. Corcelli, G. Snider, A. Orlov, P. Kogge, M. Niemier, Ryan C. Brown, J. Christie, Natalie A. Wasio, Rebecca C. Quardokus, R. P. Forrest, Jacob P. Peterson, Angela Silski, David A. Turner, E. Blair, Yuhui Lu","doi":"10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738699","url":null,"abstract":"The two fundamental limitations of the present computing paradigm are power dissipation from transistor switching and the architectural von Neumann bottleneck that segregates processing from memory. We examine a cellular architecture which radically intermixes memory and processing, and which is based on a transistor-less approach to representing binary information using the arrangement of charge within the molecule. Representing bits by molecular configuration, rather than a current switch, yields the limits of functional density and low power dissipation. Matching a new computational element to a new architectural framework could enable general purpose computing to evolve along a new roadmap.","PeriodicalId":387008,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126115681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Kielpinski, R. Bose, J. Pelc, T. Vaerenbergh, G. Mendoza, N. Tezak, R. Beausoleil
{"title":"Information processing with large-scale optical integrated circuits","authors":"D. Kielpinski, R. Bose, J. Pelc, T. Vaerenbergh, G. Mendoza, N. Tezak, R. Beausoleil","doi":"10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738704","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) offer an enticing platform for further advances in computation. Photonic communications hardware is already widely used within datacenters and is now reaching into the board and chip level. This trend is driving the development of more complex PICs that are more tightly integrated into computing systems. This PIC technology could be attractive for building photonic computational accelerators and for incorporating all-optical signal processing tasks into photonic communications and sensing. At Hewlett Packard Labs, we are using a silicon photonics platform to build complex PICs with many hundreds of components, including nonlinear components. We use these PICs to test various approaches to photonic computation, including neuromorphic approaches as well as traditional logic circuits. For example, we are currently fabricating a circuit to solve the so-called Ising problem, a classic problem of solid-state physics that turns out to be equivalent to a number of combinatorial optimization problems. The circuit is closely related to Hopfield neural networks. In parallel, we are investigating PICs based on photonic crystals in an InGaAs platform. These PICs offer radically reduced power consumption compared to CMOS circuits, potentially consuming less than 1 fJ per elementary operation.","PeriodicalId":387008,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125135606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Double barrier memristive devices for neuromorphic computing","authors":"Mirko Hansen, M. Ziegler, H. Kohlstedt","doi":"10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738713","url":null,"abstract":"The intensified development of memristive devices for memory applications in recent years lead to the advancement of several other possible fields of operation. Among them, the use of memristive devices for neuromorphic computing is one of the most promising applications. Here, we present an especially for neuromorphic computing attractive quantum mechanical memristive device which offers the benefits of an intrinsic current compliance, a gradual resistance change, and no need for an initial electric forming procedure. Our findings indicate that a homogenous interfacial effect is responsible for the observed memristive I-V curves rather than locally confined filaments. The layer sequence of the investigated device is Nb/Al/Al2O3/NbxOy/Au. The layer thickness of the Al2O3 tunnel barrier and the adjacent NbxOy solid state electrolyte layer are 1.3 nm and 2.5 nm, respectively. Thus it is possible to mutually affect the probability of electron tunneling through Al2O3 and the height of the Schottky NbxOy/Au barrier by oxygen migration (drift-diffusion). For this purpose the important issues of the respective energy barriers and ultra-thin memristive layers are investigated. Experimental findings are supported by an equivalent circuit model which furthermore provides a better understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms and allows the identification of essential fabrication parameters. Electrical characteristics are investigated and discussed in the framework of their capability to emulate synaptic functionality. Finally, the pros and cons of the double-barrier devices are discussed with respect to their possible applications in novel neuromorphic circuits.","PeriodicalId":387008,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122578148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"XtokaxtikoX: A stochastic computing-based autonomous cyber-physical system","authors":"R. Duarte, H. Neto, M. Véstias","doi":"10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738716","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents XtokaxtikoX, a fully autonomous cyber-physical system employing only stochastic arithmetic to perform computations on its data-path. Traditional implementations of stochastic computing systems benefit from fast and compact implementation of arithmetic operators, and high tolerance to errors, but depend heavily on the conversion between stochastic bitstreams and binary to implement many parts of the system. Furthermore, if a system requires any interaction with analog electronic components it must have additional ADC/DAC conversion circuitry, which further increases the complexity of the system. Conversely, the proposed work is able to directly translate analog signals into stochastic bitstreams, process the stochastic bitstreams and finally control analog actuators relying only on the information on the stochastic bitstreams. Details on the architectures to accomplish such functionality are presented as well as other stochastic arithmetic units. This paper also presents a small stochastic computing-based autonomous cyberphysical system implemented on a Cyclone IV FPGA to carry out a proof-of-concept.","PeriodicalId":387008,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126996566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overcoming the Static Learning Bottleneck - the need for adaptive neural learning","authors":"C. Vineyard, Stephen J Verzi","doi":"10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738692","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst the rising impact of machine learning and the popularity of deep neural networks, learning theory is not a solved problem. With the emergence of neuromorphic computing as a means of addressing the von Neumann bottleneck, it is not simply a matter of employing existing algorithms on new hardware technology, but rather richer theory is needed to guide advances. In particular, there is a need for a richer understanding of the role of adaptivity in neural learning to provide a foundation upon which architectures and devices may be built. Modern machine learning algorithms lack adaptive learning, in that they are dominated by a costly training phase after which they no longer learn. The brain on the other hand is continuously learning and provides a basis for which new mathematical theories may be developed to greatly enrich the computational capabilities of learning systems. Game theory provides one alternative mathematical perspective analyzing strategic interactions and as such is well suited to learning theory.","PeriodicalId":387008,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132813305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High density multilayer optical circuit board for unprecedented connectivity at board scales","authors":"Andrew Michaels, E. Yablonovitch","doi":"10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRC.2016.7738709","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new optical interconnect platform consisting of a multilayer integrated optical circuit board which provides unprecedented communications capacity with minimal signal loss at circuit board scales. The enhancement in spatial communication density could reduce the size of large distributed systems by up to two orders of magnitude (and hence reduce latency and power) and could enable supercomputers which fit on a single circuit board.","PeriodicalId":387008,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133302744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}