Materials Science and Engineering: A最新文献

{"title":"Achieving excellent strength and ductility via constructing high-density nanoprecipitate self-organized structure in an interstitial carbon alloyed multi-principal elements alloy","authors":"Zhaowen Teng ,&nbsp;Liyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongwu Zhang ,&nbsp;Lijing Zuo ,&nbsp;Junpeng Li ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Lixin Sun ,&nbsp;Jianhong Yi ,&nbsp;Caiju Li","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread adoption of multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) is hindered by a strength–ductility trade-off: adding interstitial carbon increases strength but often triggers carbides at the grain boundaries (GBs) that severely degrade ductility. In this work, a novel strategy is proposed to overcome this dilemma by constructing the high-density nanoprecipitate self-organized structure (NSOS) within the grains. By introducing 0.2 wt% interstitial C and employing spark plasma sintering (SPS), an ultrafine dispersion of coherent L1₂-nanoprecipitates was spontaneously achieved during consolidation, without any post heat-treatment. This NSOS acts as an effective barrier to dislocation motion, blocking dislocation transmission to carbide and avoiding weakening of GBs. As a result, the alloy achieves an exceptional combination of strength and ductility: a yield strength of ∼1824 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of ∼1972 MPa with ∼7.6 % elongation, outperforming both the base alloy and lower/higher C variants. Mechanistically, the strength is elevated by dislocation and precipitation strengthening, while the NSOS enhances ductility through stress delocalization. The NSOS compels dislocations to expend their energy cutting through numerous nanoparticles instead of accumulating at GBs. This delayed and reduced stress localization at GBs carbides enables the activation of additional hardening mechanisms (stacking fault networks and deformation twinning), imparting high strain-hardening capacity. The findings showcase a new route to tailor MPEA microstructures via minor interstitial alloying and rapid sintering, yielding simultaneous high strength and ductility. This NSOS-mediated design strategy offers a promising pathway for developing advanced structural alloys with improved performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149146"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural characteristics and dislocation mechanisms governing the mechanical properties of GTAW-WAAM deposited Inconel 625 alloy","authors":"Gaurav Kishor ,&nbsp;Krishna Kishore Mugada ,&nbsp;Raju Prasad Mahto ,&nbsp;Aravindan Sivanandam ,&nbsp;Ravi Kumar Digavalli ,&nbsp;Murugaiyan Amirthalingam ,&nbsp;Muralimohan Cheepu","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal cycling during the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process significantly influences the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of the components. In this study, an Inconel 625 block sample comprising three parallel deposits of eight layers each was fabricated, and four regions, top, middle, bottom, and side, were analyzed. Variations in grain morphology and orientation occur primarily due to differences in the solidification rate and temperature gradient across the build. Electron Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis is employed to quantitatively characterize the grain geometry and to investigate the distribution of geometrically necessary dislocations across different regions of the build. Transmission Electron Microscopy characterization further reveals the presence of strengthening phases (<em>γ/γ′</em>) throughout the build, with the <em>γ</em>′-phase being most prevalent in the top region. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the dominance of <em>γ</em>-phase (FCC) and <em>γ/γ′</em> phases across different regions. The dislocation density calculated from XRD data indicates that the top region exhibits the highest, whereas the middle region has the lowest. The results indicate that regions with lower Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) values correspond to lower dislocation density, typically representing recrystallized grains. Conversely, higher KAM values signify regions with greater dislocation density, indicative of deformed grains or areas with accumulated thermal strain. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was highest in the side region (780 ± 15 MPa) compared to other regions, while the lowest UTS was observed in the middle region (690 ± 10 MPa). The UTS in the side region was approximately 13 % higher than that in the middle region. A similar trend was also observed for hardness, stiffness, and elastic modulus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149134"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive manufacturing and heat treatment of Dievar tool steel","authors":"L. Kučerová ,&nbsp;F. Véle ,&nbsp;K. Burdová ,&nbsp;M. Ackermann ,&nbsp;Š. Jeníček ,&nbsp;P. Fialová","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dievar tool steel was newly produced by laser powder bed fusion (PBF) method and systematically evaluated after different heat treatments. Additive manufacturing parameters were optimised to achieve low porosity, and various post-processing heat treatment routes were applied. In the as-built state, the steel exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 1876 MPa, 12 % total elongation, and a notch toughness of 29 J. Its microstructure consisted of a martensitic matrix with 23 % retained austenite (RA) and nanoscale aluminium oxides or Mo-rich precipitates. The majority of RA transformed into martensite during tensile loading at room temperature, revealing a transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect not previously documented for Dievar. Among post-processing conditions, oil quenching from 1025 °C with double tempering at 610 °C provided the best impact toughness of 28 J, while direct tempering at 610 °C/2 h achieved the highest tensile strength of 2114 MPa with 12 % elongation, though toughness decreased to 13 J. While 7 % RA persisted after direct tempering, the combined quenching and tempering route led to its complete transformation to martensite. Larger V-rich particles appeared in the matrix after quenching from 1025 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149158"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of pure copper by caliber rolling","authors":"H. Yu ,&nbsp;C. Zhang ,&nbsp;C. Liu ,&nbsp;Z.X. He ,&nbsp;W. Yu ,&nbsp;H.Y. Ma ,&nbsp;B.A. Jiang ,&nbsp;S.H. Park ,&nbsp;F.X. Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caliber rolling (CR) is a extensively employed in the mass production of fine-grained metals, with applications spanning various industrial fields. This study investigates the effects of multiple caliber rolling passes on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of pure copper (Cu) at ambient temperature. The results indicate that CR effectively refines grain size, predominantly through the fragmenting the original grains. After 3 passes, the average grain size (AGS) decreases, leading to enhanced mechanical properties, i.e., the yield strength (YTS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (El.) of pure Cu are 171 MPa, 430 MPa, and 17.7 %, respectively. In comparison to as-extruded one, the YTS and UTS exhibited increases of 54.4 % and 51.2 %. The improvement in mechanical properties is primarily attributed to grain refinement and dislocation strengthening mechanisms. However, after 5 passes, the influence of grain refinement becomes more significant than dislocation strengthening, resulting in a decline in strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"947 ","pages":"Article 149156"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial microstructure evolution and multiscale bonding mechanisms in mechanical vibration-assisted cold-rolled Cu/Al composite plates","authors":"Shaojie Tian ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Liu ,&nbsp;Wenjing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct interfacial severe shear plastic deformation is critically important for manufacturing high-performance metallic laminated composites. This study pioneers the application of mechanical vibration-assisted rolling (MVAR) to the Cu/Al cold roll bonding process, enabling controlled severe shear plastic deformation at the interface. The influence of mechanical vibration on the Cu/Al cold rolling process was systematically investigated, and the underlying strengthening mechanisms were elucidated. Experimental results demonstrate that under 30 % reduction, MVAR achieves interfacial bonding strength of 66.8 N cm⁻¹, representing a 107 % enhancement compared to traditional rolling (TR). Microstructural characterization reveals dual coupling strengthening mechanisms: Vibration-induced periodic shear stress (peak &gt;220 MPa) facilitates the formation of three-dimensional mechanical interlocking structures at the interface, with hook depth increased by 3.2 times (12.5 ± 1.8 μm) compared to TR. Intensive plastic deformation elevates interfacial dislocation density to 10¹⁷ m⁻² magnitude, synergized with in situ frictional heating (Δ<em>T</em> ≈ 138.7 °C), which enhances Cu/Al interdiffusion coefficient by 2.98 times (<em>D</em>_Al-Cu = 6.7 × 10⁻¹⁶ m² s⁻¹). This combined effect generates gradient nanocrystalline structures (grain size &lt;1 μm) and continuous Al₂Cu/CuAl₂ transition layers (200–500 nm). This technology overcomes the inherent limitation of conventional rolling that relies on bulk deformation, establishing a novel “interface-direct-writing” plastic processing paradigm for developing high-efficiency solid-state composite technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149159"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards understanding the role of Re in microstructural and mechanical enhancement of CoNi-based superalloys","authors":"Kandula Muni Kumar,&nbsp;Mahander Pratap Singh,&nbsp;Surendra Kumar Makineni,&nbsp;Kamanio Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rhenium (Re) is known to enhance the microstructural stability of superalloys, enabling components such as turbine blades to withstand extreme thermal stresses. In this study, we investigate the influence of Re additions (0–6 at.%) on the microstructure, lattice misfit, thermophysical properties, and high temperature mechanical properties of a low density Co-30Ni-7Al-12Cr-4Ti-2Nb γ/γ′ alloy. Alloys with up to 3 at.% Re exhibit refined γ′ precipitate size, morphological transitioning from cuboidal to rounded cuboids, while additions beyond 4 at.% promote the formation of detrimental topologically close-packed (TCP) phases. HR-XRD reveals that Re reduces γ/γ′ lattice misfit and causes a misfit sign reversal from positive to negative as temperature increases from 900 °C to 1000 °C. APT confirms partitioning of Re in the γ-matrix without interfacial segregation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to construct a quasi-binary Co-Re phase diagram, highlighting key phase transition temperatures. Re addition also causes atomic volumetric shrinkage, increasing the alloy density beyond the predictions of the rule of mixtures. Notably, the 3 at.% Re alloy displays enhanced yield strength at both room and high temperatures, exhibiting a yield strength anomaly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149120"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced strength - Ductility synergy in laser direct energy deposited Al-Cr-Fe-Ni multi-principal element alloy via interlayer pause strategy","authors":"Liufei Huang ,&nbsp;Xuanhong Cai ,&nbsp;Yifei Xu ,&nbsp;Abdukadir Amar ,&nbsp;Dou Wang ,&nbsp;Yaoning Sun ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser direct energy deposition (L-DED) serves as an advanced near-net-shaping technique for fabricating complex metallic structural components. However, complex thermal histories and epitaxial growth characteristics inherent to L-DED processes cause microstructural coarsening and anisotropy, leading to significant property heterogeneity. This work introduces an interlayer pause strategy (with pause durations ranging from 60 to 300 s) to mitigate heat accumulation during layer-by-layer deposition by optimizing molten pool thermal profiles, thereby refining as-printed microstructures and enhancing vertical structural homogeneity. The processed alloy exhibits kinked FCC substructures at sub-micron scales alongside decomposed BCC/B2 nanostructures. This unique multiscale architecture overcomes strength-ductility trade-offs and enabling remarkably low mechanical anisotropy. Specimens fabricated with the optimal interlayer pause condition (∼180 s) demonstrate further enhanced mechanical properties, achieving ultimate tensile strengths exceeding 1.43 GPa while maintaining ductilities ≥18 %. This approach provides a straightforward yet effective solution for controlling complex thermal histories in laser-based multilayer deposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149145"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure, mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature of TC17 titanium alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Zhiyang Kong ,&nbsp;Tongsheng Deng ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongjian Zheng ,&nbsp;Zixiang Qiu ,&nbsp;Qizhong Huang ,&nbsp;Haixuan wang ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Yaoyao Ding ,&nbsp;Liwen Liang ,&nbsp;Shimin Fang ,&nbsp;Miaocheng Tian ,&nbsp;Chaoyue Tang ,&nbsp;Roman Mishnev","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of annealing, solution treatment, and aging heat treatment on the room-temperature and high-temperature tensile strength of TC17 alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The TC17 alloy prepared by LPBF predominantly exhibits α lamellae in both the solution-treated and aged states. The optimization of alloy strength is achieved by inducing the precipitation of the secondary α phase. Analysis of room-temperature tensile properties identifies 910 °C as the optimal annealing temperature. Under the final heat treatment regime of 910 °C/1h/AC (air cooling) + 800 °C/1h/WQ (water quenching) + 630 °C/4h/AC, the room-temperature strength of the alloy increases by 35.9 % compared to the as-deposited state. At 400 °C, the high-temperature tensile ductility of the TC17 alloy samples fabricated by LPBF increased by 73 % compared to the standard, while maintaining the required tensile strength, thereby optimizing their mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"947 ","pages":"Article 149143"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis Al matrix composites reinforced by graphene with excellent strength-electrical conductivity synergy","authors":"Huan Yu ,&nbsp;Jingrun Zhuang ,&nbsp;Yejin Han ,&nbsp;Jixue Zhou ,&nbsp;Qian Su ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Kang Liu ,&nbsp;Kaiming Cheng ,&nbsp;Jianhua Wu ,&nbsp;Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Xuansheng Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrafine grained GNPs/Al composites with varying lateral sizes of GNPs are fabricated through mechanical stirring combined with powder extrusion. The orientation relationship of <span><math><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow></math></span> Al// <span><math><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mn>00</mn></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow></math></span> GNP and the coherent interface are identified. The GNPs/Al(10 μm) composites exhibit the highest mechanical performance (tensile strength of 238 MPa) and electrical conductivity (62.4 %IACS).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149147"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCrVTa0.1W0.1Ti0.1Cx multi-principal element alloys","authors":"Wei Guo ,&nbsp;Ziheng Cao ,&nbsp;Longfeng Li ,&nbsp;Mi Zhao ,&nbsp;Shusen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the role of carbon content (0–7 at.%) in tailoring the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-activation FeCrVTa<strong>_0.1</strong>W<strong>_0.1</strong>Ti<strong>_0.1</strong>C_x multi-principal element alloys. Increasing carbon content transforms precipitates from Laves phases to MC-type carbides (M = Ti, Ta, V). At 1 at.% C, grain refinement (∼15.33 μm) and optimized Laves phase distribution yields high strength (1702 MPa of yield stress) and ductility (18.8 % of fracture strain). Higher carbon content (≥3 at.%) promotes intragranular carbide dispersion and grain coarsening (∼44.98 μm), enhancing plasticity (35.8 % of fracture strain at 5 at.% C) but reducing strength. Fracture mode transitions from brittle (cleavage) to ductile-dominated (dimples) with C addition. The present work establishes carbon-mediated phase competition as a key design strategy for structural low activation multi-principal element alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149152"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}