Materials Science and Engineering: A最新文献

{"title":"Unravelling the dominant influence of microsegregation on creep rupture behaviour of additively manufactured inconel 718","authors":"Singaravelu Rajan Sabari ,&nbsp;N.T.B.N. Koundinya ,&nbsp;Akshat Godha ,&nbsp;Surendra Kumar Makineni ,&nbsp;S.V.S. Narayana Murty ,&nbsp;B.K. Nagesha ,&nbsp;G.D. Janaki Ram ,&nbsp;Ravi Sankar Kottada","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation focuses on unravelling the dominant influence of microsegregation and microstructure altered due to heat treatment cycle variation on creep rupture behaviour of additively manufactured Inconel 718 (AM-IN718). Two microstructural variants differing in the fraction of recrystallized grains while <span><math><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow></math></span>-phase being absent, were produced. A typical heat treatment (HT) cycle includes the stress-relieving of the as-built specimens at 980 °C, followed by solution treatment at 1080 °C (STA1080, a partially recrystallized microstructural variant) or 1150 °C (STA1150, a fully recrystallized microstructural variant), and double ageing (soaking at 720 °C for 8h and subsequent furnace cooling, followed by 8h at 620 °C and air cooling).</div><div>Detailed microstructural characterization of two microstructural variants through correlative microscopy revealed a prevalent existence of Nb-rich precipitate-free zones (PFZ) in STA1080 than in STA1150. Creep characterization of the two microstructural variants in the temperature range of 625–675 °C and at 500–750 MPa demonstrated superior creep resistance in STA1150. The correlation of kinetic analysis and comprehensive post-deformation microstructural characterization suggests grain boundary cavitation as the main damage/softening mechanism and the reason for the difference in creep rupture behaviour between the two microstructural variants. The long-term exposure heat treatment methodology demonstrates that PFZs are the major influencing factor responsible for microsegregation-dependent creep rupture behaviour. Interestingly, the presence of the <span><math><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow></math></span> phase within PFZs appeared to retard cavity coalescence and failure during creep, despite its usual detrimental role in creep resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"919 ","pages":"Article 147480"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the dwell fatigue behavior of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy","authors":"Chao Fang ,&nbsp;Jianke Qiu ,&nbsp;Mingjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingjie Ma ,&nbsp;Jiafeng Lei ,&nbsp;Rui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the dwell sensitivity of the TC11 alloy was evaluated as a function of α_p contents obtained by two different heat treatment routes and peak applied stresses. The equiaxed microstructure had higher α_p content and sharper macrozones, with consequently exhibiting higher dwell sensitivity than the bimodal microstructure. In order to elucidate the dwell fatigue cracking mechanism, the electron back-scattering diffraction and quantitative tilt fractography techniques were employed to determine the crystallographic and spatial orientations of the facets on the fractures. The results indicated that the initiation facets nearly cracked along the basal plane, whereas the propagation facets deviated from the basal plane with an average angle of ∼13° for both microstructures. Based on the measurements of the facet orientation, a method was proposed that the macrozone filtered with a threshold of 35° could be used as a reliable microstructure characteristic for assessing the dwell sensitivity and predicting the crack initiation sites in TC11 alloy. Specifically, a basal plane of soft-oriented grain in this hard macrozone, which had the largest c-axis inclination and basal Schmid factor compared to its surrounding grains, was more prone to the crack initiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 147430"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain size effect on stress-induced martensite in a metastable β-Ti alloy with ultrahigh strength and strain hardening rate","authors":"Kaige Wang ,&nbsp;Jifeng Yang ,&nbsp;Weichang Wei ,&nbsp;Guangcheng Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhe Yuan ,&nbsp;Ligang Zhang ,&nbsp;Libin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, the influence of β grain size on stress-induced martensite (SIM) was investigated in a metastable β-Ti alloy (Ti-4Mo-3Cr-1Fe-1Al). Samples with varying grain sizes were prepared by cold rolling and annealing. The triggering stress for SIM decreases with the grain size increase from 44 μm to 180 μm. Meanwhile, the yield strength increases with decreasing grain size, consistent with the Hall-Petch effect. Fine-grained samples formed a greater number of martensitic bands during deformation compared to coarse-grained samples, resulting in an ultra-high strain-hardening rate ∼4320 MPa. The deformation mechanism of the Ti-4Mo-3Cr-1Fe-1Al alloy consists of the ω to β transformation, SIM, martensite deformation twinning ({110}cc &lt; 1–10&gt;_α\" and {130}&lt;-310&gt;_α\" twins), reorientation of martensite and dislocation slip. Both the 44 μm and 59 μm samples exhibit ultra-high true tensile strengths (&gt;1200 MPa), with a large work-hardening interval of nearly 600 MPa relative to the yield strength. This significant work-hardening capability is attributed to interfacial and dislocation strengthening arising from the dynamic formation of martensitic bands during deformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 147479"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain growth in Ni50Ti30Hf20 high-temperature shape memory alloy processed by high-pressure torsion","authors":"A.V. Shuitcev ,&nbsp;Y. Ren ,&nbsp;D.V. Gunderov ,&nbsp;R.N. Vasin ,&nbsp;L. Li ,&nbsp;R.Z. Valiev ,&nbsp;Y.F. Zheng ,&nbsp;Y.X. Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grain refinement and precipitation hardening play critical important role for stabilization and improving functional properties of shape memory alloys. However, the relationship between precipitation and nanocrystalline grain growth behavior in NiTiHf alloys is still unclear. This work aims to investigate the role of precipitation in the nanocrystalline grain growth behavior of HPT-processed Ni₅₀Ti₃₀Hf₂₀ high-temperature shape memory alloy. An abnormally low grain growth rate (<em>n</em> = 0.08) was observed after post-deformation annealing (PDA) at 550 °C for 1 h. It was proposed that grain growth suppression may be caused by the presence of relatively large H-phase precipitates, which act as barriers to grain boundary movement. A detailed analysis of the grain growth kinetics during PDA suggests that the coarsening process is controlled by Ni diffusion. Additionally, the dependence of strength and transformation temperatures on grain size in NiTiHf alloy is found to follow the Hall-Petch relation with some exceptions due to H-phase precipitation. The results of this research may be useful for the development of methods and strategies to stabilize the nanocrystalline structure in metallic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 147478"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous high tensile strength and high ductility in cast Ce-alloyed Ti","authors":"Jong Woo Won ,&nbsp;Jeong Mok Oh ,&nbsp;Woo Chul Kim ,&nbsp;Chan Hee Park ,&nbsp;Ihho Park ,&nbsp;Yong-Taek Hyun","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addition of ∼3 wt% Ce to cast pure Ti induced formation of numerous fine Ce particles on the microstructure. The Ce-alloyed cast Ti had both high tensile strength and ductility, which are unattainable simultaneously in cast pure Ti. The mechanisms by which the Ce particles increased tensile properties were identified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 147487"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of bell annealing on the interface microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium/steel composite plates prepared by hot rolling","authors":"Zhenxiong Wei ,&nbsp;Peng Huang ,&nbsp;Xixi Su ,&nbsp;Qiang Gao ,&nbsp;Zhanhao Feng ,&nbsp;Lin Peng ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Guoyin Zu","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of bell annealing (600 °C–750 °C/3 h–15 h) on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical characteristics of hot-rolled titanium/steel (Ti/steel) bi-metallic plates, aiming to improve their mechanical performance and deformation compatibility. The interfacial bonding mechanism and growth process of the interfacial TiC layer were studied using multi-scale characterization. The microstructural evolution during annealing and the effect of the TiC layer on element interdiffusion were considered. Results show that the TiC interlayer inhibits Ti and Fe diffusion, preventing undesirable Ti-Fe phases, and the TiC layer thickens towards the Ti side. Higher annealing temperatures and longer times worsened the grain size difference between the Ti and steel layers and produced a thick TiC layer, severely degrading deformation compatibility. Microcracks, caused by severe lattice mismatch, are mostly initial at the α-Fe/TiC interface during plastic deformation. Thin to moderate TiC layers resulted in a combination of ductile and brittle fractures, while thick layers led to brittle fractures. In terms of mechanical properties, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), shear strength, and elongation (EL) of the hot-rolled composite plate were measured at 337 MPa, 232 MPa, 238 MPa, and 29 %, respectively. All annealed samples exhibited a reduction in UTS, YS, and shear strength compared to the hot-rolled state; however, they demonstrated improved EL and deformation compatibility, with the elongation achieving its optimal value at 650 °C-3 h. The annealing, at 650 °C for 3 h, was identified as the optimal condition for post-rolling heat treatment, resulting in a composite plate with a comprehensive mechanical performance characterized by UTS, YS, shear strength, and EL values of 267 MPa, 127 MPa, 171 MPa, and 46 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"919 ","pages":"Article 147485"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical-property evolution of the explosive welding joint from the same RAFM steels under explosive welding and post-weld heat treatment","authors":"Chunliang Mao ,&nbsp;Hanghang Cao ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Xie ,&nbsp;Chenxi Liu ,&nbsp;Shengxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jianbo Jia ,&nbsp;Jinlong Du ,&nbsp;Zhiqing Lv ,&nbsp;Junting Luo ,&nbsp;Yongchang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the morphological evolution behaviors and the mechanical property of the weld interface during explosive welding for the flyer plate and base plate sourcing from the same reduced activation ferrite/martensitic (RAFM) steel. The relationship between fine-grain formation and the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization was analyzed based on the strain and temperature field distributions at the explosive-weld interface. Although post-weld tempering (PWT) treatment eliminated bent martensite laths, but it did not eliminate fine equiaxed grains and δ ferrite grains near the explosive-weld interface; therefore, the PWT treatment improved the mechanical properties of the explosive-weld RAFM steel joint only minimally. However, implementation of a normalizing process after the explosive welding process (“PWN” treatment) significantly eliminated the gradient structure and the residual δ ferrite grains at the explosive-weld interface of the RAFM steel joint. Based on the PWN state, the inclusion of a tempering treatment (“PWNT” treatment) promoted the uniform precipitation of M₂₃C₆ carbides, which significantly improved the tensile strengths of the explosive-weld RAFM steel specimens under both room and high temperatures. To study the influence of different microstructures on the plastic deformation behavior at the explosive-weld interface, the representative volume element (RVE) models basing on crystal plasticity finite element (CPFEM) method was constructed for different post-weld heat treatments (PWHTs). At the explosive-weld interface of the PWT-state RAFM steel joint, the plastic deformation was mainly concentrated in the δ ferrite grains, rather than in the fine equiaxed grains. In addition, only minimal deformation concentration was observed for the PWNT-state RAFM steel joint. In order to reveal the independent influence of the fine equiaxed grains at the weld interface on the mechanical properties of explosive-weld RAFM steel joint, the microstructural and mechanical distinctions between the RAFM steel joints in the N-PWT and PWNT states were investigated detailly. Finally, through optimization of the PWHT method, an explosive-weld RAFM steel (PWNT state) joint with a uniform microstructure and ideal mechanical properties was obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 147465"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A finite element method and fast Fourier transform based crystal plasticity simulations study on the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of gradient structure copper","authors":"Deepak Paliwal ,&nbsp;Saroj Kumar Basantia ,&nbsp;Manasij Yadava ,&nbsp;N.P. Gurao","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A combinatorial experimental and multi-scale simulations study has been performed to understand the role of microstructural heterogeneity on the deformation behaviour of a copper plate with a gradient layer produced by the surface mechanical grinding treatment (SMGT). Finite element analysis was employed to estimate the deformation during the SMGT process. Electron back scatter diffraction analysis indicated shear-type texture at all locations across thickness along with a continuous gradient of geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density, resulting in an increasing trend of hardness from 81 ± 3 HV at the bottom to 119 ± 1 HV at the top. The SMGT samples showed ∼22 % improvement in yield and tensile strength with comparable ductility compared to the base material. Full field crystal plasticity simulations using the Dusseldorf Advanced Materials Simulation Kit (DAMASK) successfully captured the global stress-strain response, texture evolution, and multi-length scale stress-strain partitioning along the thickness during tensile deformation. The improvement in the yield strength of the SMGT samples was attributed to dislocation strengthening and grain size strengthening while the strain hardening behaviour was explained by the presence of higher GNDs in the SMGT sample compared to the base metal. Thus, a robust process-microstructure-mechanical property paradigm has been established for the SMGT copper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"919 ","pages":"Article 147472"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of deposition strategies on microstructure and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured CoCrFeNiMo0.2 high-entropy alloy","authors":"Qingkai Shen,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Xue,&nbsp;Zehong Zheng,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Yu,&nbsp;Ning Ou","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have great potential for application in various fields due to their excellent performance. However, there are few reports on wire arc additive manufacturing of HEAs. In this study, CoCrFeNiMo_0.2 HEA solid wire was prepared and used for WAAM based on cold metal transfer for the first time. Different deposition strategies (namely single-pass (SP), oscillation (OS), and multi-parallel pass (MPP)) were used to prepare metal wall samples of different thicknesses. The HEA samples' microstructure with different deposition strategies were explored by optical and scanning electron microscopy, as well as the electron backscatter diffraction method. Microhardness and tensile tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of different samples. The results prove that SP and MPP samples exhibit rougher surfaces due to heat accumulation. The OS sample has the best molding and an effective deposition ratio of up to 91.5 %. The composition of columnar grain grown along the deposition direction with strong {100}&lt;001&gt; cubic texture in both SP and OS samples. Therefore, these two samples have similar mechanical properties, and the mechanical performance in the vertical direction is better than that in the horizontal direction. Due to the complex internal thermal effects and remelting effects between welds, the internal structure of the MPP sample exhibits no obvious preferred orientation. Therefore, the anisotropy of mechanical properties is significantly alleviated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 147486"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centrifugal directional freezing and pressure infiltration: Tailoring gradient structures and mechanical properties in Al/B4C composites","authors":"Yu-Bai Hu ,&nbsp;Chuan-Zeng Wang ,&nbsp;Shuai-Shuai Li,&nbsp;Ping Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by the gradient structures found in natural materials like bone, this study presents a novel fabrication method combining centrifugal freeze casting and pressure infiltration to produce Al/B₄C composites with a tunable gradient layered structure, effectively addressing the challenge of achieving both high strength and toughness in metal-matrix composites. By precisely controlling key parameters such as centrifugal speed, ceramic content, particle size distribution, and freezing temperature, we achieved a gradient transition from high hardness and strength in the outer layers to lower hardness and higher toughness in the inner layers, mimicking the performance characteristics of natural materials. Specifically, higher centrifugal speeds and multi-sized ceramic particles promoted a more pronounced gradient structure, with larger particles concentrating in the outer regions for enhanced strength. While increasing ceramic content improved overall strength, it also affected toughness, highlighting the need for optimization. Freezing temperature influenced the ice-crystal structure and interlayer ceramic bridging, impacting both the gradient and overall composite properties. The optimized composites exhibited a unique combination of low density, high strength, and exceptional fracture toughness, primarily attributed to strong interfacial bonding, effective crack deflection and metal bridging, and formation of an interpenetrating structure. This study provides a versatile, cost-effective and scalable pathway for fabricating bioinspired high-performance metal–ceramic composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"919 ","pages":"Article 147471"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}