Materials Science and Engineering: A最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Sc doping on microstructure and properties of high strength and high conductivity Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy wires with large section size for ultra-high pulsed magnet coils","authors":"Xue Zhao ,&nbsp;Engang Wang ,&nbsp;Bailing An ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Guo ,&nbsp;Yunchao Li ,&nbsp;Bowen Ma ,&nbsp;Jingwen Du ,&nbsp;Tao Peng ,&nbsp;Liang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High strength and high conductivity Cu-6 wt%Ag alloys have been developed as key materials for the fabrication of ultra-high pulsed magnet winding coils. Further improving the strength of the alloy wires and maintaining their high electrical conductivity are technical requirements for achieving higher pulsed magnetic fields. In this study, the rare earth element Sc was doped into Cu-6Ag alloy, while heat treatment and cold drawing deformation processing were applied. Cu-6Ag-0.07Sc alloy wire with high strength (1020 MPa), high conductivity (74.4 %IACS), and large cross-section area (12 mm²) was developed. By doping Sc, the ultimate tensile strength of the Cu-6Ag alloy was increased by 15 %, while the electrical conductivity was reduced by mere 4 %. The effects of Sc on the microstructure and properties of Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy during aging and cold drawing deformation processing were investigated systematically. The results showed that preferential enrichment of Sc at grain boundaries suppressed the nucleation and growth of the discontinuous Ag precipitates, so that promoting the continuous Ag precipitates during aging. Sc doping modulated the precipitation behavior of Ag, leading to a decrease in size and spacing of the nano-scale Ag precipitates. During cold drawing deformation, Ag precipitates evolved into Ag fibers by further decrease in scale. For the Sc-doped alloy wires, the continuous Ag fibers developed from continuous Ag precipitates increased fiber strengthening due to the more Cu/Ag phase interfaces generated by their smaller scale. In addition, the high density of ultra-fine continuous Ag fibers increased work hardening by hindering dislocation motion and reducing the size of substructures. The electrical conductivity was minimally affected by the increase in scattering. This study provides a viable strategy for achieving a balance between strength-conductivity-wire size, and promotes a more in-depth understanding of the microstructure evolution of Cu-Ag alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"927 ","pages":"Article 148038"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of high-entropy alloy Al0.3CoCrFeNi: Effects of strain rate, temperature and B2 precipitates","authors":"R.C. Pan ,&nbsp;W.Y. Tang ,&nbsp;P.F. Han ,&nbsp;Z.K. Wang ,&nbsp;L.X. Li ,&nbsp;Y. Cai ,&nbsp;X.J. Zhao ,&nbsp;N.B. Zhang ,&nbsp;L. Lu ,&nbsp;S.N. Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.147981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.147981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of solution-treated and aged Al_0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are systematically explored. The solution-treated alloy exhibits a single face-centered cubic (FCC) phase, whereas the aged alloy displays striped B<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>2</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> precipitate bands rich in Al and Ni. Uniaxial compression tests are conducted in a strain rate range of 10^-3–2700 s⁻¹ and a temperature range of 173–693 K for both types of the alloys. At a constant temperature or strain rate, yield strength increases with increasing strain rate or decreasing temperature. The aged alloy demonstrates a slightly higher yield strength due to the presence of B<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>2</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> precipitates giving rise to precipitate strengthening and enhanced deformation twinning. The investigation reveals multiple deformation mechanisms in both alloys, including dislocations, stacking faults, immobile Lomer-Cottrell locks, kink bands and deformation twins. Dislocations are along the {111} slip planes in the solution-treated alloy in contrast with tangled dislocations in the aged alloy. Besides, B<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>2</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> precipitates, lower temperatures or higher strain rate all facilitate the activation of deformation twinning. Additionally, a modified Johnson-Cook-Cowper Symonds (JC-CS) constitutive model is developed, effectively capturing the plastic flow behavior of both alloy types across a broad range of strain rates and temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"927 ","pages":"Article 147981"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ (Ti,Nb)C/Graphene synergistic enhancement of strength and toughness in IN718 composites","authors":"Shuan Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanjie Yang ,&nbsp;Shiqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Quanbin Du ,&nbsp;Ang Li ,&nbsp;Shaolan Wang ,&nbsp;Mabao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene shows promise as a reinforcement for metal matrix composites, though its tendency to agglomerate limits uniform distribution. This study presents a facile in-situ approach to produce graphene from graphite balls to reinforce Inconel718. The process yielded a (Ti,Nb)C/graphene core-shell structure via 3D rock milling and spark plasma sintering (SPS), enhancing graphene nanosheets (GNSs) uniformity and load transfer. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), we analyzed the microstructure and mechanical properties of graphene nanosheets-IN718 (GNSs-IN718) composites. The 0.3GNSs-IN718 composite exhibited improved microstructure and mechanical properties, driven by grain refinement, dislocation strengthening, and load transfer, verified through molecular dynamics simulations. This approach offers new directions for metal matrix composites design in aerospace.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"927 ","pages":"Article 148039"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insight into enhancing SiCp/Al composites: Designing “interlocking + high entropy” interfacial microstructure via oscillating laser directed energy deposition","authors":"Boan Xu,&nbsp;Jintian Zhao,&nbsp;Shaoning Geng,&nbsp;Minjie Song,&nbsp;Ping Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) and laser welding (LW) offer an innovative approach for high-performance fabrication of SiC particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (SiCp/Al). A key challenge lies in precisely controlling in-situ reactions to suppress brittle phases while promote reinforcing phase synthesis. This study presents an innovative oscillating laser-directed energy deposition (OLDED) process, enhancing tensile strength by 35 % and ductility by 14.5 % compared to LDED. The relationship between carbides crystallography, fracture behaviors, and strengthening mechanisms is established. OLDED refines matrix grains and increases dislocation density, resulting in a 14.31 HV increase in hardness and a 50.57 MPa improvement in matrix strengthening. Furthermore, OLDED increases peak temperature and its duration, broadens the compositional undercooling, promoting the formation of finer, denser carbides of Al₄C₃/Al₄SiC₄ with diverse crystallographic orientations at SiC/Al interface, resulting in an “interlocking + high-entropy” microstructure. It facilitates the formation of coherent/semi-coherent phase boundaries with excellent stress transfer capabilities, enhancing the interfacial bonding strength, while inducing crack pinning, which promotes stress relaxation or closure at crack tips and causes multiple deflections of crack propagation path within SiCp. Consequently, the load-transfer strengthening is improved by 22.29 MPa. This study confirms the effectiveness of an efficient oscillating laser in suppressing brittle phases while promoting reinforcing phase synthesis at SiC/Al interface. The revealed formation and strengthening mechanisms of this “interlocking + high-entropy” interfacial microstructure offer significant potential to advance the process optimization and practical applications for LAM/LW of SiCp/Al.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"927 ","pages":"Article 148011"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superplastic deformation mechanism of Ni/Ni2Al3 heterogeneous bimodal-grained composite sheet fabricated by hot pressing reaction synthesis of Ni and Al foils","authors":"Peng Lin ,&nbsp;Pengle Kong ,&nbsp;Bingyao Yan ,&nbsp;Hongliang Yin ,&nbsp;Dong Sun ,&nbsp;Hao Feng ,&nbsp;Shuyong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ni/Ni₂Al₃ heterogeneous bimodal-grained composite sheet is fabricated by hot pressing reaction synthesis of Ni and Al foils and it is composed of coarse-grained Ni layer and fine-grained Ni₂Al₃ layer. In particular, Ni/Ni₂Al₃ heterogeneous bimodal-grained composite sheet exhibits a pronounced superplasticity at 800 °C in the case of 1 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹, where fracture elongation can achieve to 294.4 %. The superplasticity of Ni/Ni₂Al₃ heterogeneous bimodal-grained composite sheet is attributed to the product of the compatible deformation between coarse-grained Ni layer and fine-grained Ni₂Al₃ layer, where <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>{</mo><mn>111</mn><mo>}</mo></mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mn>0</mn><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow></math></span> slip system for Ni layer is easy to be activated, whereas <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>{</mo><mrow><mn>10</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo>}</mo></mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mn>3</mn><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow></math></span> slip system is activated most easily in the Ni₂Al₃ layer. The coarse grains in the Ni layers of Ni/Ni₂Al₃ composite sheet are responsible for strain hardening, whereas the fine grains in the Ni₂Al₃ layers are responsible for strain rate hardening. Strain hardening and strain rate hardening play the crucial roles in superplastic deformation of Ni/Ni₂Al₃ composite sheet because they contribute to suppressing the occurrence of necking during tensile deformation of Ni/Ni₂Al₃ composite sheet. In addition, dynamic recrystallization in the Ni₂Al₃ layer can result in the formation of fine grains, which provides the microstructural condition for grain boundary sliding. Therefore, grain boundary sliding along with dynamic recrystallization in the Ni₂Al₃ layer lays the foundation for superplasticity of Ni/Ni₂Al₃ composite sheet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"927 ","pages":"Article 148035"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating multi-scale heterogeneity in multi-layer additive friction stir deposition of high-strength aluminum alloys","authors":"Florian Girault ,&nbsp;Louise Toualbi ,&nbsp;Quentin Barres ,&nbsp;Eric Charkaluk","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.147979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.147979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the application of multi-layer Additive Friction Stir Deposition (AFSD) for the manufacturing of an AA7075 wall. A particular focus is placed on the material’s structural integrity, including, to the best of our knowledge, the first detailed characterization of the interface between the substrate and the deposited material. The diversity of analytical techniques used provides a detailed understanding of the evolution of microstructure during deposition and as a function of material height.</div><div>Scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with X-ray diffraction allows for the observation of the evolution of the microstructure, revealing a smooth transition linked to a mechanical gradient. A crystallographic analysis reveals inter- and intra-layer texture variations, indicating that dynamic recrystallization and restoration mechanisms are concomitantly at work in the deposited material zone, as a function of the vertical distance from the tool. Hardness and tensile measurements indicate a non-negligible evolution from the substrate to the last deposited layer, resulting from the overaging of the <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> phase. Finally, a detailed analysis of the interface between the substrate and the deposited material is proposed, which reveals a disturbed microstructure characterized by local heterogeneities in hardness due to significant variations in texture, grain size, and precipitation. All the results are intended to provide highly instructive data regarding microstructural evolution due to thermal cycling both in the deposited material and in the substrate, particularly in the context of the application of the repair of damaged parts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"927 ","pages":"Article 147979"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and theoretical research on the effect of Co addition on microstructure and properties of Cu-W alloy","authors":"Zengye Ning ,&nbsp;Xiuqing Li ,&nbsp;Qingxia Yang ,&nbsp;Jingkun Liang ,&nbsp;Tianyao Guo ,&nbsp;Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Haiyang Pei ,&nbsp;Liangdong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influences of Co element on the microstructure and properties of Cu-W alloy were investigated, and its mechanism was discussed. Cu-W composite powders with different Co contents were prepared by mechanical alloying method, and Cu-W alloy specimens were obtained through spark plasma sintering under hot pressing. Multiple testing methods were employed to characterize the microstructure and properties of the alloy, and a theoretical model was established with the aid of the first-principles to assist the analysis. Research results demonstrate that Co is capable of participating in a solid solution reaction with tungsten. The solid solution thus formed has the capacity to hinder the migration of grain boundaries and effectuate grain refinement, consequently imposing a substantial influence on the characteristics of the alloy, including density, electrical conductivity, hardness and strength. Compared with the Cu-W alloy without the addition of Co element, when the Co addition amount is 2 at%, the hardness, tensile strength, and compressive strength of the alloy are increased by 28.7 %, 36.9 %, and 18 % respectively. Theoretical calculations indicate that the introduction of Co atoms changes the energy changes on the orbits of Cu atoms and W atoms, alters the bonding situation among neighboring atoms, and thus affects the mechanical properties of the alloy. The changing trend of mechanical properties in the theoretical calculations is generally consistent with the experimental results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"927 ","pages":"Article 148031"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of grain size and strain-rate on the microstructural evolution and twinning in metastable β phase Ti-15Mo (wt.%) under dynamic compression","authors":"Emily R. Pittman ,&nbsp;Leslie E. Lamberson ,&nbsp;Amy J. Clarke","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.147980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.147980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the high strain-rate response of the metastable <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> phase in Ti-15Mo (wt.%), a twinning-exclusive alloy. The objective is to quantify the influence of initial grain size on strain-rate sensitivity under both quasi-static and dynamic compressive loading, focusing on its relationship with twinning behavior. To assess the strain-rate effects, quasi-static compression (10⁻³ s⁻¹) tests were conducted using a standard load frame, while dynamic compression (up to 10<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> s⁻¹) was examined using a Kolsky (split-Hopkinson pressure) bar in conjunction with ultra high-speed imaging. High-speed infrared imaging was employed to capture the temperature rise due to adiabatic heating during high rate loading. Post-mortem electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was carried out to visualize grain size and deformation twinning. The results indicate that strain-rate significantly affects both the twin fraction and work hardening behavior, with higher strain-rates leading to increased twinning and reduced work hardening. Additionally, grain size plays a more prominent role in influencing work hardening at low strain-rates. Under high rate loading, substantial adiabatic heating was observed, with larger-grained samples exhibiting higher localized temperatures. This localized heating appears to counteract the work-hardening effects induced by twinning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"927 ","pages":"Article 147980"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic deformation induced excellent mechanical properties of low-activation W-Ta-Ti-V-C refractory high entropy alloys","authors":"Jingsai Zhang ,&nbsp;Shunhua Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Yue ,&nbsp;Junsheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yucheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) have great potential for applications in aerospace and nuclear energy fields, however, most developed RHEAs still exhibit limited room-temperature compressive plasticity, high activation and high density, which limits their engineering applications. To overcome such issues, the high-performance, low-activation W-Ta-Ti-V-C RHEAs with reduced density were designed, and the effects of composition on the regulation of microstructure and properties were characterized. The phase structure of the W-Ta-Ti-V-C RHEAs evolved from a single-phase BCC structure to a duplex BCC + FCC structure by doping C, and the phase interfaces also converted from coherent to semi-coherent. The yield strength and hardness of W-Ta-Ti-V-C RHEAs reached to the maximum values of 1465 MPa and 528 HV in W₁₅Ta₁₅Ti₃₄V₃₅C₁ RHEA with increasing W content, while achieved 1530 MPa and 505 HV in W₁₀Ta₂₀Ti₃₀V₃₅C₅ RHEA with increasing C content. All RHEAs presented excellent plasticity exceeding 20 %, and some RHEAs even did not fracture. The refined dendrites and visible micro-precipitates provided additional strengthening mechanisms for promoting the improvement of compressive strength. The slip bands were found to initiate within the harder dendrites, while their propagation was hindered by the softer interdendrites. The dislocation movement was also hindered by the harder precipitates via the pinning effect. Moreover, the plastic deformation of the RHEAs was activated by the wavy dislocations within the BCC-structured matrix and coordinated by the dislocation evolutions within the FCC-structured precipitates. The heterogeneous interfaces and the dislocation evolutions induced the synergistic deformation of the matrix and precipitate, promoting the achievement of excellent mechanical properties superior to similar RHEAs. The present findings not only provide effective guidance for designing high-performance RHEAs, but also shed more light on the strengthening mechanisms and deformation behaviors of RHEAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"927 ","pages":"Article 148028"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An insight into the underlying mechanisms of low-rate directional solidification and resulting high plasticity of as-cast CuSn alloy","authors":"Dazhuo Song ,&nbsp;Juntao Zou ,&nbsp;Yuanshu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiayue Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinhang Liang ,&nbsp;Junsheng Cheng ,&nbsp;Lin Shi ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Yihui Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuchen Song ,&nbsp;Shaodong Sun ,&nbsp;Lixing Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CuSn alloys play a crucial role as primary raw materials in the preparation of Nb₃Sn superconducting wires. However, the low solid solubility of Sn in Cu gives rise to segregation, which causes the alloy to rupture during the preparation of the Nb₃Sn superconducting wires. Enhancing the solid solubility of Sn atoms can significantly improve the mechanical properties of CuSn alloys. In this work, the distribution of Sn and its impact on the mechanical properties of CuSn alloys were studied via directional solidification using experiments and simulations. The results show that the solid solubility of Sn and the volume fraction of the δ phase are mutually exclusive. In particular, a high solidification rate increases the solid solubility of Sn in the α-Cu matrix while lowering the volume fraction of the δ phase. Based thereupon, as-cast CuSn alloy with excellent elongation of 58.6 % was successfully prepared for the first time. Further analysis revealed that the interaction of a large number of stacking faults (SFs) and twin boundaries (TBs) is the main deformation structure of high-Sn solid solubility alloys, whereas alloys with low Sn solid solubility were dominated by a high density of TBs. Furthermore, the decrease in the stacking fault energy (SFE) was the main reason for the difference in the deformation mechanisms of the alloys. The volume fraction of the δ phase is closely related to the density and size of TBs, and a high volume fraction of this phase may be more likely to induce twinning. This study provides a theoretical basis and experimental foundation for the preparation of high-properties CuSn alloys for Nb₃Sn superconducting wires.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"927 ","pages":"Article 148014"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}