Materials Science and Engineering: A最新文献_第6页

Constructing heterogeneous grain structure in Al–La–Sc alloy to overcome high-temperature softening 构建Al-La-Sc合金非均质晶粒结构克服高温软化

IF 7 2区材料科学

Materials Science and Engineering: A Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149874

Xinkui Zhang , Yongji Chen , Liejun Li , Zhuoran Li , Jixiang Gao , Zhengwu Peng

{"title":"Constructing heterogeneous grain structure in Al–La–Sc alloy to overcome high-temperature softening","authors":"Xinkui Zhang , Yongji Chen , Liejun Li , Zhuoran Li , Jixiang Gao , Zhengwu Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterogenous structure design strategy is commonly employed to fabricate alloy with excellent mechanical properties at room temperature, but it's high-temperature performance is unknown. Here, a heterogenous grain structure was employed to overcome the high-temperature softening of fine grain in Al–La–Sc alloy produced by hot extrusion process, realizing synergistic improvement in room- and high-temperature strength. The heterogenous structure is characterized by fibrous coarse grain embedded in equiaxed fine grain, which inherit from the microstructure of the cast counterpart and the pinning effect of Al<sub>3</sub>Sc particles. The fine grain structure and evenly-distributed Al<sub>3</sub>Sc particles enhance the room temperature strength of the alloy via grain refinement and Orowan strengthening mechanisms, respectively. The coarse grain increased the high-temperature strength via inhibiting the deformation of fine grain, while the micron Al<sub>11</sub>La<sub>3</sub> and nano-scale Al<sub>3</sub>Sc intermetallics retarded dislocation and grain boundary movement to further enhance the strength. This work provided a novel microstructure design strategy to fabricate heat resistance aluminum alloys, expanding the application of heterogenous grain structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"956 ","pages":"Article 149874"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructural evaluation and mechanical properties of semi-solid cast AZ91 and AZ91-1%Ca magnesium alloy through rotating container process 旋转容器法半固态铸造AZ91及AZ91-1% ca镁合金的显微组织及力学性能评价

IF 7 2区材料科学

Materials Science and Engineering: A Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149896

E. Ghaniabadi, S.G. Shabestari, E. Heidari

{"title":"Microstructural evaluation and mechanical properties of semi-solid cast AZ91 and AZ91-1%Ca magnesium alloy through rotating container process","authors":"E. Ghaniabadi, S.G. Shabestari, E. Heidari","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The semi-solid rheocast method along with the applying shear stress has been used to create a non-dendritic morphology of AZ91 alloy. By performing thermal analysis during the semi-solid process, the relationship between temperature, shear stress, and solid fraction was determined. The metallographic results confirmed the creation of a non-dendritic microstructure with container rotation speeds of 180 RPM and 210 RPM. The mechanism behind the formation of the non-dendritic morphology involved the generation of an effective displacement fluid flow, which increased the number of the nuclei. This, in turn, facilitated multidirectional growth of the initial dendrites, reduced thermal and concentration gradients, and re-melted the roots of the secondary dendrite arms.</div><div>The highest sphericity of non-dendritic grains (0.72), along with the greatest surface density and smallest grain size, was achieved by applying shear stress to the semi-solid mixture at a speed of 180 RPM, up to a temperature of 585 °C. Under the same conditions, the compressive ultimate strength, yield strength, and toughness of the impact test have increased by 25%, 33%, and 49%, respectively. Adding 1% calcium to AZ91 has increased the ultimate strength, yield, and impact toughness by 26%, 57%, and 48%, respectively. By incorporating 1% calcium while applying the semi-solid process under optimal conditions, the ultimate strength, yield strength, and toughness increased by 50%, 88%, and 85%, respectively. A significant finding of this research is the simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility, resulting in a substantial increase in toughness. In fact, when the rotating container process (RCP) was applied under optimal conditions to both the AZ91 and AZ91-1Ca alloys, the samples exhibited an energy absorption that was 49% and 85% higher, respectively, than that of fractured samples subjected to impact loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"956 ","pages":"Article 149896"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147403398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic strengthening and toughening in Mg-doped Cu-15Ni-8Sn as-cast alloy: inhibition of discontinuous precipitation 掺镁Cu-15Ni-8Sn铸态合金的协同强化和增韧：抑制不连续析出

IF 7 2区材料科学

Materials Science and Engineering: A Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149931

Jian Liu , Zidi Hang , Yan Jiang , Meiyue Tao , Zhiheng Zhao , Bo Peng , Tingju Li , Jinchuan Jie

{"title":"Synergistic strengthening and toughening in Mg-doped Cu-15Ni-8Sn as-cast alloy: inhibition of discontinuous precipitation","authors":"Jian Liu , Zidi Hang , Yan Jiang , Meiyue Tao , Zhiheng Zhao , Bo Peng , Tingju Li , Jinchuan Jie","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cu-15Ni-8Sn-xMg (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 wt%) alloys were fabricated via conventional casting, and the microstructural evolution, solidification process, and mechanical properties were investigated through microstructural characterization, thermodynamic calculations, and tensile testing. The results demonstrate that Cu matrix (α<sub>1</sub>) continuously nucleates and grows from melt during the solidification process, and the remaining liquid phase undergoes a divorced eutectic reaction to form (Cu, Ni)<sub>3</sub>Sn (γ) and Cu (α<sub>2</sub>) phase, and then the discontinuous precipitates (DPs) of α<sub>1</sub>+γ are formed from α<sub>2</sub> with cooling proceeding. Mg addition significantly suppresses the formation of DPs in the as-cast microstructure, and with increasing Mg content, Cu<sub>2</sub>Mg and Cu<sub>4</sub>MgSn precipitates progressively form. The non-equilibrium solidification thermodynamic calculations indicate that Mg lowers the solidus temperature of the Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy from approximately 761 °C to 490 °C. The reaction time of divorced eutectic is prolonged, resulting in facilitating the formation of γ phases, with a decrease in the volume fraction of α<sub>2</sub> phases, and thus the discontinuous precipitation is inhibited. The inhibition of discontinuous precipitation enhances the mechanical properties of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-xMg, with the 0.1 wt% Mg alloy exhibiting the optimal combination of a tensile strength of 608 MPa and an elongation of 10.1%. The present study establishes a foundational basis for suppressing discontinuous precipitation, with implications for designing alloys with enhanced mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"956 ","pages":"Article 149931"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147403930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing a new type of directly casting AlxCr6.85Fe28Ni65.15-x eutectic or near-eutectic high-entropy alloys with a favorable strength-ductility synergy 开发了一种新型直铸AlxCr6.85Fe28Ni65.15-x共晶或近共晶高熵合金，具有良好的强度-塑性协同效应

IF 7 2区材料科学

Materials Science and Engineering: A Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149905

Xiangkui Liu , Like Zhang , Huiqing Xu , Qun Li , Xintong Li , Xulong An , Wei Wei , Zhenfei Jiang , Dezhi Zhu

{"title":"Developing a new type of directly casting AlxCr6.85Fe28Ni65.15-x eutectic or near-eutectic high-entropy alloys with a favorable strength-ductility synergy","authors":"Xiangkui Liu , Like Zhang , Huiqing Xu , Qun Li , Xintong Li , Xulong An , Wei Wei , Zhenfei Jiang , Dezhi Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the poor casting performance and compositional inhomogeneity of conventional alloys, the proposal of eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) shows great promise for extensive practical applications. Here, a series of Al<sub>x</sub>Cr<sub>6.85</sub>Fe<sub>28</sub>Ni<sub>65.15-x</sub> (x = 17, 18, 19 at%) HEAs with FCC/L1<sub>2</sub> and BCC/B2 phases were developed. With the Al content increasing from 17 at% to 19 at%, the microstructure of the studied HEAs undergoes a sequential transformation from hypoeutectic structure to eutectic structure and then to hypereutectic structure. And then, the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the studied HEAs exhibit a trend of rising first and then declining, while the total elongation (TE) first decreases and then slightly increases. Among them, the Al<sub>18</sub>Cr<sub>6.85</sub>Fe<sub>28</sub>Ni<sub>47.15</sub> EHEA shows the best strength-ductility balance, which outperforms most reported EHEAs. Specifically, its YS, UTS and TE are 725 MPa, 1417 MPa and 18.1%, respectively. Such outstanding strength of the EHEA is derived from the synergistic effects of the precipitation strengthening, friction stress strengthening and grain boundary strengthening. The L1<sub>2</sub> and B2 nanoprecipitates make the most significant contribution to the strengthening of the Al-18 EHEA. This design strategy paves a novel path for the development of high-performance alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"956 ","pages":"Article 149905"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revealing deformation mechanisms for O/Si-doped refractory high-entropy alloys at room and elevated temperatures 揭示O/ si掺杂难熔高熵合金在室温和高温下的变形机制

IF 7 2区材料科学

Materials Science and Engineering: A Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149866

Chen Chen , Yong Wang , Junbo Wang , Yang Yang , Chao Wu , Yiwen Chen

{"title":"Revealing deformation mechanisms for O/Si-doped refractory high-entropy alloys at room and elevated temperatures","authors":"Chen Chen , Yong Wang , Junbo Wang , Yang Yang , Chao Wu , Yiwen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of oxygen and silicon microalloying on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and deformation mechanisms of V<sub>0.5</sub>Nb<sub>0.5</sub>ZrTi refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) at room and elevated temperatures were systematically investigated. Advanced characterizations show that oxygen occupies interstitial sites, whereas silicon additions produce grain-boundary M<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> (M = V, Nb, Zr, Ti) silicides. Oxygen doping induces lattice expansion and pronounced interstitial solid-solution strengthening, whereas M<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> phase constrains the lattice and enable semi-coherent stress transfer, yielding moderate precipitation strengthening but markedly reducing tensile ductility. The (V<sub>0.5</sub>Nb<sub>0.5</sub>ZrTi)<sub>98</sub>O<sub>2</sub> alloy shows the best strength-ductility synergy at room temperature, with a yield stress of 1010 MPa and elongation of ∼24 %, attributable to the concurrent activation of planar slip and cross-slip. At 600 and 800 °C, both oxygen and silicon enhance high-temperature strength, with oxygen exhibiting a higher per-atom strengthening efficiency. Detailed analyses reveal that oxygen and silicon suppress dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and increase the stored dislocation density during hot deformation, with oxygen exerting a more pronounced effect via stronger interstitial lattice distortion and DRX suppression. These findings demonstrate that microalloying with oxygen and silicon is an effective route to enhance the performance of RHEAs at both room and high temperatures through interstitial solid-solution and precipitation mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"955 ","pages":"Article 149866"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of serrated grain boundaries on mechanical anisotropy in L-PBF fabricated GH4099 alloy 锯齿晶界对L-PBF制备GH4099合金力学各向异性的影响

IF 7 2区材料科学

Materials Science and Engineering: A Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149815

Ruihang Xu , Shuya Zhang , Haiou Yang , Chunwen Guo , Hongliang Zhao , Yuheng Fan , Xianglei Dong

{"title":"Effect of serrated grain boundaries on mechanical anisotropy in L-PBF fabricated GH4099 alloy","authors":"Ruihang Xu , Shuya Zhang , Haiou Yang , Chunwen Guo , Hongliang Zhao , Yuheng Fan , Xianglei Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel-based superalloy GH4099 fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) inevitably develops pronounced microstructural anisotropy and columnar grains aligned with the build direction due to rapid solidification and steep thermal gradients, which compromises structural stability and reliability in service. To address this, we propose and validate a reproducible heat-treatment window (slow cooling followed by aging) that induces stable serrated grain boundaries (SGB) in L-PBF-built GH4099. Compared with the as-deposited (AD) and conventional solution treated and aged (STA) states, the SGB condition yields equiaxed grains with pronounced boundary undulations and uniformly dispersed M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> along boundaries, while preserving a fine and consistent intragranular γ′ population (∼20–21 nm). Texture intensity decreased from 4.60 to 3.06, suggesting a reduction in plastic anisotropy. Quantitatively, boundary curvature increases from 0.099 μm<sup>−1</sup> to 0.128 μm<sup>−1</sup> (vertical direction), and the SGB-H attains a superior strength–ductility balance with YS of 797.1 MPa, UTS of 1227.1 MPa, and elongation of 44.8 %, compared with AD-H (YS 588 MPa, UTS 989 MPa, elongation 47.8 %). Cyclic loading–unloading analysis shows that SGB-H presents a smaller hysteresis loop area at cycle 9, dropping from 9.114 to 7.337 kJ/m<sup>3</sup> compared with STA-H. The back stress is reduced by roughly 60–73 MPa and the friction stress by about 100 MPa, resulting in a σ<sub>b</sub>/σ<sub>flow</sub> ratio of 0.48–0.53 rather than above 0.56. These data indicate SGB effectively disperses GND pile-ups and lowers local interfacial friction, improving deformation compatibility and cyclic stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"955 ","pages":"Article 149815"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A machine learning method to predict grain refinement and hardness of severely deformed materials 一种预测严重变形材料晶粒细化和硬度的机器学习方法

IF 7 2区材料科学

Materials Science and Engineering: A Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149868

Hamed Shahmir , Sina Kooshamanesh , Terence G. Langdon

引用次数: 0

In-situ suppression of Laves phases in additively manufactured Inconel 718 via Co alloying: first-principles calculations, influencing mechanisms, and performance Co合金化增材制造Inconel 718中Laves相的原位抑制：第一性原理计算、影响机制和性能

IF 7 2区材料科学

Materials Science and Engineering: A Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149913

Weiran Xie, Xiaoming Duan, Xiaodong Yang

{"title":"In-situ suppression of Laves phases in additively manufactured Inconel 718 via Co alloying: first-principles calculations, influencing mechanisms, and performance","authors":"Weiran Xie, Xiaoming Duan, Xiaodong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chain-like Laves phase that ubiquitously precipitates in the additively manufactured nickel-based superalloys is well-documented to degrade the mechanical performance of the as-built parts. However, methods that suppress the Laves phase during additive manufacturing remain to be investigated. Here, in this study, a novel method was proposed to in-situ suppress the Nb segregation and Laves phase formation in the additively manufactured Inconel 718 via Co alloying. Thin-walled parts made of Inconel 718 and 5 wt% Co alloyed Inconel 718 were fabricated, and their microstructure, hardness as well as tensile properties were investigated. First-principles calculations demonstrated that the added Co contributed to the solid solution of Nb in the Inconel 718 γ matrix, leading to the increased Nb content in the matrix of 5 wt% Co alloyed Inconel 718 part, which brought two key benefits. On one hand, the increased Nb content in the matrix directly led to the Nb content reduction in the interdendritic liquid phase, thereby shortening the growing period of the Laves phase. On the other hand, the increased Nb content in the matrix promoted the formation of the precipitation-hardening phase γ'' (Ni<sub>3</sub>Nb), while also contributing to the nucleation and grain refinement of the γ phase. As a result, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility of the 5 wt% Co alloyed Inconel 718 part increased by 11.7 %, 12.7 %, and 41.4 %, respectively. The smaller, more dispersed Laves phases with lower area fraction are considered the main reason for the improvement in material properties. By elucidating how Co alloying influences the Nb–matrix interactions in the γ phase of Inconel 718, this work provides fundamental insights and atomic-level guidance for mitigating Nb segregation and Laves phase formation in the additively manufactured nickel-based superalloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"956 ","pages":"Article 149913"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147403395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Fe content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the selective laser melted Al-Cu-Ni-Ti-Fe alloys during high-temperature heat treatment Fe含量对选择性激光熔化Al-Cu-Ni-Ti-Fe合金高温热处理组织和力学性能的影响

IF 7 2区材料科学

Materials Science and Engineering: A Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149894

Guanyu Chen , Weidong Huang , Xu Huang , Zhaobao Zeng , Yingjin Du , Shuaishuai Qin

{"title":"Effect of Fe content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the selective laser melted Al-Cu-Ni-Ti-Fe alloys during high-temperature heat treatment","authors":"Guanyu Chen , Weidong Huang , Xu Huang , Zhaobao Zeng , Yingjin Du , Shuaishuai Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigated the effect of Fe contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SLMed Al-6Cu-1.5Ni-1.5Ti-XFe (X = 0.6 and 1.6 wt%) alloys during heat treatment. The results demonstrate that the addition of Fe significantly improves the heat resistance by promoting the formation of thermally stable precipitates, including Al<sub>7</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>Ni, Al<sub>9</sub>Fe(Cu)Ni, and Al<sub>7</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>(Fe, Ni). These precipitates effectively inhibit grain coarsening, enabling the alloys to retain a fine bimodal grain structure even after 350 °C/100 h exposure. During the heat treatment process, the Fe content has a significant influence on the precipitate formation and composition of precipitate phases. The low-Fe alloy contains Al<sub>7</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>Ni as the primary precipitate, along with minor Al<sub>9</sub>Fe(Cu)Ni and Al<sub>7</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>(Fe, Ni). In contrast, the high-Fe alloy exhibits significantly higher amounts of Al<sub>9</sub>Fe(Cu)Ni and Al<sub>7</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>(Fe, Ni), while still retaining a considerable amount of Al<sub>7</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>Ni. Notably, a concomitant precipitation relationship is identified between Al<sub>9</sub>Fe(Cu)Ni and Al<sub>7</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>(Fe, Ni), which refines their distribution and improves microstructural stability. As a result, the high-Fe alloy achieves an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 343.8 MPa after 350 °C/100 h exposure, significantly higher than that of the low-Fe alloy (281.1 MPa). The SLMed Al-Cu-Ni-Ti-Fe alloys exhibit promising heat-resistant properties, and this study provides new insights into the design of heat-resistant aluminum alloys through precise control of Fe content and precipitate architecture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"956 ","pages":"Article 149894"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barrier effect of Sn-Bi-In multi-principal element solder on thermomigration Sn-Bi-In多主元素焊料对热迁移的阻隔效应

IF 7 2区材料科学

Materials Science and Engineering: A Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149916

Yifan Yao , Xingchao Mao , A.M. Gusak , Lulin Xie , Yuanxing Duan , Qinglei Sun , Angmin Li , Junlei Qi , Wenbin Wang , Qiyuan He , Yingxia Liu

{"title":"Barrier effect of Sn-Bi-In multi-principal element solder on thermomigration","authors":"Yifan Yao , Xingchao Mao , A.M. Gusak , Lulin Xie , Yuanxing Duan , Qinglei Sun , Angmin Li , Junlei Qi , Wenbin Wang , Qiyuan He , Yingxia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2026.149916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of multi-principal element alloying has shown potential for fabricating solder with low melting points, with ternary Sn-Bi-In solder being a promising candidate. During the application of solder joints, there are some flux-driven reliability issues such as electromigration or thermomigration. To investigate potential failure risks of the Sn-Bi-In solder, this paper compares thermomigration behaviors among SnCu0.7, Sn58Bi, and Sn-Bi-In solder in liquid states systematically. Sandwich structures of Cu/solder/Cu were fabricated and put on hot plates with temperatures of 250 °C, 270 °C, and 290 °C, respectively, to perform thermomigration. In each case, Cu is the dominant diffusion element, moving across the solder matrix from the hot end to the cold end, leading to thicker intermetallic compound (IMC) formation at the cold end. The activation energy of the IMC growth at the cold end determines the resistance of the solder to thermomigration, and low activation energy facilitates the diffusion progress. We calculated that the activation energy of diffusivity in Sn-Bi-In solder is 158.40 kJ/mol, which is significantly larger than that in Sn58Bi or SnCu0.7 solder. Besides, the atomic flux of thermomigration in Sn-Bi-In matrix is the lowest among the three solder alloys under each temperature condition. These results indicate that the multi-principal element Sn-Bi-In solder has a strong barrier effect on Cu diffusion across the solder matrix, showing its excellent resistance to flux-driven failures, such as thermomigration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"956 ","pages":"Article 149916"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0