Materials Science and Engineering: A最新文献

{"title":"Machine-learning prediction of creep strain rate in γ/γ′ cobalt-based superalloys","authors":"Brandon Ohl ,&nbsp;Carelyn Campbell ,&nbsp;David C. Dunand","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A machine-learning model was built to predict the strain rate in the steady-state regime of any γ′ strengthened Co-based superalloy as a function of temperature and stress, given inputs of alloy composition, heat treatments, and microstructure (γ′ precipitate volume fraction). The model is trained on nearly 1000 distinct γ/γ′ strengthened Co-based superalloys reported in the recent literature. We developed additional intermediary machine-learning (ML) models, requiring only a compositional input, for six materials properties: solvus-, solidus-, and liquidus temperatures, peak hardness, as well as lattice misfit and yield strength (at ambient and elevated temperature). These intermediate material properties results are fed back into the ML model to improve the accuracy of creep prediction. Finally, we validate the model by predicting intermediate properties and creep properties for 16 new alloys with an alloying element outside the training data, for which we then experimentally determine these values. The results suggest that this method produces a model which provides valuable screening data for exploring the compositional design space—even when lacking training data in that space—but it is not accurate enough to use in full replacement of experimental measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"934 ","pages":"Article 148304"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced strength and strain hardening in a dilute Ti-Ru alloy for load-bearing applications","authors":"Xianbing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xi He ,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar Uppalapati ,&nbsp;Shubin Wang ,&nbsp;Binbin He","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ruthenium (Ru) is often added to Ti alloys to enhance corrosion resistance, and due to its inherently high hardness, dilute Ti-Ru alloys could have both high strength and excellent corrosion resistance, which are appealing properties for load-bearing biomedical applications. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the microstructures, mechanical properties, and deformation mechanisms of Ti-Ru alloys. In this study, a Ti-1.5Ru at.% alloy with a duplex microstructure consisting of α blocks embedded within a matrix containing α′ martensites and retained β was prepared. Microstructural analyses confirmed that both α blocks and α′ martensites maintained the classical Burgers orientation relationship with the retained β. Nanoindentation experiments demonstrated higher hardness in the α blocks than in the matrix regions. Room-temperature tensile tests revealed excellent mechanical properties, including Young's modulus of 98 GPa, yield strength of 987 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 1237 MPa, and significant strain hardening, resulting in 5.7 % uniform elongation. The high strength of this Ti-1.5Ru alloy can be attributed to the refined duplex microstructure, while the dislocations in the α blocks, along with stress-induced α′ and α″ martensites in the retained β, contributed to the observed strong strain hardening. This study sheds light on the potential load-bearing biomedical applications of high-strength dilute Ti-Ru alloys, offering microstructural robustness and promising mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"935 ","pages":"Article 148339"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti2AlNb/TiAl LFW joint","authors":"Da Zhang ,&nbsp;Fangyuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiangtao Xiong ,&nbsp;Jiatao Liu ,&nbsp;Jinglong Li ,&nbsp;Wei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiAl and Ti₂AlNb intermetallic alloys are promising alternatives to conventional superalloys due to their high-temperature resistance, which offers potential for energy savings and weight reduction. However, the connection of dissimilar TiAl/Ti₂AlNb is still a challenge. This study investigates the linear friction welding (LFW) of TiAl/Ti₂AlNb alloys under specific parameters: a frequency of 45 Hz, friction pressure of 120 MPa, amplitude of 2 mm, and a welding time of 5 s. The results showed a well-formed joint with a tensile strength of 332 MPa. Microstructural analysis revealed that the joint consists of three distinct zones: the base material (BM), the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and the weld zone (WZ). In the WZ, the grain morphology exhibits an equiaxed crystalline structure, indicating the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization. The zone widths were wider on the Ti₂AlNb side due to differences in thermo-mechanical properties. An 8 μm thick diffusion layer formed at the weld interface due to elemental diffusion. The interfacial microstructure was TiAl(γ)-Ti₃Al(α₂)-[O+α₂]-Ti₂AlNb(O), resulting from diffusion and thermal effects. The highest microhardness was found at the weld interface, where a non-uniform α₂ layer of 10∼30 μm thick was present. This α₂ layer is prone to cracking and represents the weak link in the joint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"934 ","pages":"Article 148340"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure evolution and crack propagation of 316L stainless steel under cyclic shear fatigue at different strain ratios","authors":"Yiming Yang ,&nbsp;Zhongran Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenming Yue ,&nbsp;Sijie Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Jia ,&nbsp;Kang Sun ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Niu ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the cyclic shear fatigue behavior of 316L austenitic stainless steel under varying strain ratios. A custom-made twin-bridge fatigue shear testing machine was used to conduct cyclic experiments on the material under strain-controlled conditions (1 %–4 %) withstrain ratios (R = −1, 0, 0.5). The experimental results show that, as the strain ratio increases, the maximum positive stress of the material increases under the same strain amplitudeAnalysis of the cyclic softening coefficient indicates that cyclic softening is more pronounced at low strain amplitudes. Microstructural analysis using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) techniques shows grain refinement and increased dislocation density in 316L austenitic steel after cyclic loading, and an increase in the strain ratio leads to a higher proportion of highly deformed grains. Additionally, during crack evolution, we observed the presence of martensitic phase transformation was observed, which caused cracks to propagate along grain boundaries. These findings not only enhance the understanding of the fatigue behavior of 316L stainless steel but also provide theoretical support for its application in high-demand fields, such as nuclear power. This research offers valuable insights for the future optimization in fatigue performance and material design of austenitic stainless steels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"934 ","pages":"Article 148329"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into microstructure evolution and deformation mechanisms in additively manufactured 316L stainless steel","authors":"Bassem Barkia ,&nbsp;Maxime Vallet ,&nbsp;Alexandre Tanguy ,&nbsp;Thierry Auger ,&nbsp;Eva Héripré","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of the deformation micro-mechanisms and the dislocation structures in additively manufactured (AM) 316L steel was investigated via in-situ SEM/EBSD tensile tests coupled with fine TEM investigations at different strain levels. We show that the deformation mechanisms are strongly influenced by the initial dual-scale cellular structure, composed of large dislocation cells with chemically segregated cell walls, encapsulating smaller, chemically homogeneous internal regions. At low and medium strain levels, the primary deformation mode is dislocation slip across the dislocation cells interiors and formation of micro-bands while plastic deformation at higher strain is primarily controlled by mechanical nano-twins nucleated through the overlapping of stacking faults ribbons. Unlike conventional 316L, the AM 316L shows a nearly linear increase in dislocation density with increasing applied strain throughout the full range of plastic deformation. The initial cellular structure is preserved under plastic deformation, continuing to act as a barrier to dislocation glide and contributing to the high ductility of the AM 316L steel. A correlation between the work hardening rate and the observed deformation modes is evidenced, strengthening the conclusion that the plasticity of AM 316L is atypical. These findings enhance the understanding of the dislocation structures and the microstructure evolution during plastic deformation in AM 316L steel, providing valuable insights for the development of predictive large-scale plasticity models for these materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"934 ","pages":"Article 148327"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced mechanical performance in additively manufactured AF9628 steel: Role of cellular segregation in phase transformation","authors":"Jing Wan ,&nbsp;Geng Liu ,&nbsp;Hongying Hou ,&nbsp;Jing Ning ,&nbsp;Binbin Wu ,&nbsp;Jie Su","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, AF9628 high-strength low-alloy steel was fabricated using laser melting deposition. The initial non-equilibrium microstructure exhibited cellular segregation of elements such as Cr and Mo, with cellular structure dimensions of 20–30 μm. Samples were heated to 950 °C and held there for 10 min before being cooled at four different cooling rates-that is, 0.5, 1, 10, and 50 °C/s-to research the impact of cooling conditions on the microstructure. The results demonstrated that under specific cooling conditions (1 °C/s), cellular segregation could effectively limit the growth of bainitic/martensitic substructures. This becomes an effective component interface that can hinder the phase transformation, in addition to the grain boundaries. When the cooling rate was too fast or too slow, martensite and bainite grew throughout the cellular structure, the phase-transformation restriction by cellular segregation was limited. At a cooling rate of 1 °C/s, its mechanical properties (tensile strength of 1865 MPa and elongation of 10.3 %), exceeding those of samples prepared by other heat treatment routes. The results of grain reconstruction confirmed the restrictive influence of cellular segregation on bainitic/martensitic transformation. This approach to microstructure control opens up new routes for the optimization of the microstructure and properties in additive manufacturing of low alloy steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"934 ","pages":"Article 148328"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamic spallation and deformation mechanisms of M42 steel under high strain rate","authors":"Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhepeng Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Huang ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Li ,&nbsp;Ruizhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Luo ,&nbsp;Qiang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the dynamic spallation behavior of M42 steel within the strain rate range of 10⁵ to 10⁶ s⁻¹, focusing on the effects of strain rate on its mechanical properties, such as spall strength. The spallation and deformation mechanisms of M42 steel under high strain rates were revealed. The results show a positive correlation between the spall strength of M42 steel and strain rate within the strain rate range of 1.75–9.08 × 10⁵ s⁻¹, indicating stable strain rate sensitivity. The stress concentration at the carbide-matrix interface was identified as the primary site for crack initiation. The hindrance of dislocation movement by carbides plays a crucial role in the failure mechanisms of M42 steel. This study also showed that the deformation mechanism of M42 steel is a combination of slip and twinning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"934 ","pages":"Article 148332"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of the tensile properties of A356 casted alloy based on the pore structure using machine learning","authors":"Ágota Kazup ,&nbsp;Attila Garami ,&nbsp;Zoltán Gácsi","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used to investigate porosity, which significantly affects the mechanical properties of castings. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the tensile properties – yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation – and the pore structure of A356 castings produced under industrial conditions with low-pressure die casting (LPDC) technology. The novelty of our method lies in determining relationships not only with bivariate analyses but also by applying regression modeling using machine learning (ML). CT images of the test specimens were generated, and the pores in both two and three dimensions were quantitatively characterized. After the tensile tests, the fracture surfaces were numerically characterized using scanning electron microscope (PFIB-SEM) images. Prior to regression modeling, an exploratory data analysis (EDA) was conducted. Based on the tests, it was concluded that the findings for tensile strength are partially consistent with the literature, while those for yield strength are entirely consistent. Furthermore, it was newly observed that fracture surface porosity (A_{A, Proj}^f-sf) is influenced by the projected area of the largest volume pore in the fracture segment (A_{Proj, Vmax}^f-sm), the maximum porosity of the fracture segment cross-sections (A_A^f-cs), and the overall porosity of the fracture segment (V_V^f-sm). Another new finding is that total elongation at rupture is significantly affected not only by the fracture surface porosity (A_{A, Proj}^f-sf) but also by the parameter (CSC) introduced in this study, which characterizes the pore location on the fracture cross-section. The regression modeling performed this way successfully complemented the results obtained with bivariate analyses. The presented method is suitable for characterizing the relationship between the pore structure and mechanical properties of castings produced in industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"935 ","pages":"Article 148338"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The investigation of microstructure evolution and strength-ductility mechanism of Mg-5Bi-xAl alloys","authors":"Fu Wang ,&nbsp;Hongrui Li ,&nbsp;Zhirou Zhang ,&nbsp;Yafei Liu ,&nbsp;Enyu Guo ,&nbsp;Zongning Chen ,&nbsp;Huijun Kang ,&nbsp;Tongmin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of low-cost Mg alloys with excellent strength-plasticity matching is essential to expand their industrial applications. In this study, a new Mg-5Bi-1Al alloy with high performance has been reported. Aluminium with various content was added to investigate the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the Mg-5Bi-xAl (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) alloys. The results revealed that all the as-extruded Mg-5Bi-xAl alloys exhibited bimodal structure. The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) fraction increased in accordance with the rise in Al content ≤3 wt%, which was attributed to the increased number of DRX nucleation sites and enhanced effect of particle stimulated nucleation (PSN). In Mg-5Bi-5Al alloy, the high-density fine precipitates were found to pin dislocations, resulting in a decrease in the DRX fraction. The grain texture splited in extrusion direction with the addition of Al element, and texture intensity decreased significantly. As-extruded Mg-5Bi-1Al alloy exhibited excellent strength-ductility matching, demonstrating the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL) of 241 MPa, 315 MPa, and 18.9%, respectively. The increase in YS was mainly attributed to the grain refinement and precipitation strengthening. The excellent plasticity was mainly owing to the weakening of basal texture. However, work-hardening rate was decreased as Al content increased to 3 wt% and 5 wt%, which may be related to the presence of numerous undissolved coarse second phases. This study provides an experimental basis for developing medium alloyed Mg alloys with low-cost, excellent strength-ductility matching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"934 ","pages":"Article 148273"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New method for fabricating 6061-7075-composite with enhanced microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrochemical resistance using additive friction stir deposition and heat treatment","authors":"Q. Qiao ,&nbsp;L. Wang ,&nbsp;Z. Zhu ,&nbsp;Y. Lin ,&nbsp;K.L. Fu ,&nbsp;H. Qian ,&nbsp;Z. Li ,&nbsp;D. Guo ,&nbsp;D. Zhang ,&nbsp;C.T. Kwok ,&nbsp;L.M. Tam","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD), a solid-state additive manufacturing (AM) technology, is widely used to develop high-performance large-scale deposits. A new 6061-7075-composite with excellent and optimally integrated characteristics was fabricated by AFSD with post-heat treatment. The analysis revealed that the heat-treated specimen (AFSD 6061 + 7075-HT) exhibited a higher precipitate fraction and greater plastic deformation than the as-fabricated specimen (AFSD 6061 + 7075). Mechanical tests confirmed that AFSD 6061 + 7075-HT exhibited a microhardness of 115 HV_0.5, yield strength of 289 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 368 MPa, and elongation of 22 %, which were comparable to forged AA6061. Additionally, AFSD 6061 + 7075-HT demonstrated improved electrochemical resistance owing to its uniform microstructure, precipitate formation, and denser oxide layer. These findings offer valuable insights for the large-scale fabrication of Al-based composite components with superior properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"935 ","pages":"Article 148326"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}