Materials Science and Engineering: A最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical behaviour and microstructural characteristics of high-silicon ultra-strong bainitic steels for hot rolling practice","authors":"Radhakanta Rana ,&nbsp;Erick Cordova-Tapia ,&nbsp;Lucia Morales-Rivas ,&nbsp;Jose A. Jimenez ,&nbsp;Carlos Garcia-Mateo","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-silicon (1.5–2.5 wt%) steels were designed to achieve carbide-free bainitic matrices with retained austenite through industrial hot rolling, with coiling temperatures of 310 °C and 350 °C. The resulting ultrahigh strength steels (1409–1644 MPa) were characterized through tensile testing, Charpy impact toughness, and Kahn tear tests, while microstructural analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Both yield and tensile strengths correlated strongly with bainitic matrix characteristics, including phase fraction, dislocation density, carbon content, and plate thickness. Ductility showed dependence on film-type austenite content and M_d temperature, mechanical stability. The steels exhibited exceptional impact toughness meeting industrial requirements, with ductile fracture behaviour observed down to −100 °C, challenging previous findings. Crack resistance values matched or exceeded those of comparable ultrahigh strength steels. The lower coiling temperature (310 °C) produced retained austenite with higher mechanical stability, benefiting tensile properties and crack resistance, while impact toughness remained largely unaffected by austenite stability due to high strain rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148236"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of temperature, strain rate and grain size on the Twin Induced Plasticity (TWIP) effect of an AISI 316 LV austenitic stainless steel","authors":"Diogo Pedrino Braga ,&nbsp;Ieda Cardoso Palhares ,&nbsp;Conrado Ramos Moreira Afonso ,&nbsp;Danielle Cristina Camilo Magalhães ,&nbsp;Carlos Alberto Della Rovere ,&nbsp;Andrea Madeira Kliauga","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The AISI 316 LV austenitic stainless steel features low carbon and nitrogen additions along with higher nickel content, which lowers its critical temperature for martensitic transformation and enhances magnetic stability down to liquid nitrogen temperature. At cryogenic temperatures, it exhibits a mechanical twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) effect, which improves its strain hardening and ductility, thereby increasing its strength and toughness. However, the volume fraction of deformation twins varies with temperature, strain rate and average grain size, and an accurate estimation of the transformed volume is a key problem in calculating the strength contribution to model the strain hardening behavior. In this study, samples with grain sizes of 5 μm and 50 μm were submitted to tensile deformation at strain rates of 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹, 10⁻³ s⁻¹, and 10⁻² s⁻¹ over a temperature range of −100 to 300 °C. Detailed microstructure characterization quantified the amount of dislocation and twin volume fraction, and these results were correlated with strain hardening models. The critical strain required to initiate mechanical twinning varied with temperature and grain size. The hardening behavior exhibited negative strain rate sensitivity. The results indicate that a transition occurred in the nucleation site, influenced by grain size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148234"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield of cyclic vs heat-and-hold induction sintering on the mechanical behaviour of the low-cost Ti-5Fe alloy","authors":"L. Bolzoni ,&nbsp;V. Roduit ,&nbsp;E. Carreno-Morelli ,&nbsp;F. Yang ,&nbsp;S. Raynova","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high cost of Ti alloys is hindering their industrial implementation and, therefore, the quest for low-cost Ti alloys entails lowering the intrinsic cost using cheaper alloying elements and developing more efficient manufacturing methods. In this study, the yield of manufacturing the novel low-cost Ti-5Fe alloy via heat-and-hold and cyclic induction sintering around the allotropic α→β phase transformation was compared as the latter is expected to enhance densification. It is demonstrated that induction sintering is extremely efficient due to its characteristic high heating rates and simultaneously permits to obtain homogenous chemical compositions at low homologous sintering temperatures. Cyclic sintering yields faster sintering kinetics, which results in higher densification with respect to heat-and-hold, achieving uniform residual porosity distributions within the microstructure, comparable relative density, and on average smaller and more spherical pores. Consequently, higher strength but not necessarily higher ductility is obtained for the cyclic sintered Ti-5Fe alloy as the failure mode entails crack propagation through irregularly shaped pores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148235"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the mechanism of improving the compressive creep properties of TiAl alloys by heat treatment: The strengthening effect of carbides","authors":"Qingchao Li ,&nbsp;Shulong Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhenquan Liang ,&nbsp;Lijuan Xu ,&nbsp;Ye Tian ,&nbsp;Xinyi Li ,&nbsp;Xicheng Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Tian ,&nbsp;Yuyong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to develop high-performance TiAl alloys, Ti-43Al-6Nb-1Mo-1Cr-0.5C-0.05Y₂O₃ alloy was prepared in the study, and the alloy then was heat treated. The high-temperature compression creep tests of alloys before and after heat treatment were performed. By analyzing the microstructure before and after heat treatment and compression creep, the influence mechanism of heat treatment on creep performance of alloys was revealed. The results indicate that heat treatment can efficiently enhance the compressive creep performance of alloys. The mechanism of heat treatment improving the creep resistance of alloys is mainly the strengthening effect of carbides (Ti₂AlC). Besides, the precipitation mechanism of carbides is elucidated, which is significantly different from the mechanism of conventional lamellar degradation to form carbides. The carbides in the lamellae can inhibit the lamellar decomposition, which causes the improvement of creep performance. The obvious microstructural evolution occurs during compression creep, mainly including dynamic recrystallization, lamellar degradation, B2→γ and the precipitation of Ti₂Al phases. Continuous dynamic recrystallization, discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and twin-induced dynamic recrystallization all appear during creep, and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization is the main recrystallization mechanism. The degradation of lamellae leads to the interruption of α₂ lamellae and the precipitation of B2 phases. The B2→γ reaction induces the formation of layered B2/γ structure. Finally, the reason why the Ti₂Al phases appear in the blocky B2 phases is clarified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148238"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect and mechanism of shuttle-heterostructure interfacial microalloying on mechanical properties of Cu/Ti composite plates prepared by accumulative roll bonding process","authors":"Yingming Tu ,&nbsp;Ke Cheng ,&nbsp;Min Cui ,&nbsp;Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Zihan Liu ,&nbsp;Tongguang Zhai ,&nbsp;Cainian Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterostructure design has an apparent effect on mechanical properties. Cu/Ti composite plates with shuttle-heterostructure (SH) were prepared by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. Interfacial microalloying was carried out by vacuum diffusion heat treatment comparatively, and the intrinsic mechanisms on microstructure and mechanical properties were revealed. The results show that high-density multiscale SHs are formed by Ti layers necking fracture due to the interfacial shear effect generated by ARB at room temperature. After interfacial microalloying, the elemental diffusion width at SH interfaces rises by 323 %, and a slight increase in recrystallized structures is observed. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are improved by 2.6 %, 10.8 % and 110 %, respectively, and the electrical conductivity is maintained at about 94 % IACS. The enhanced plastic deformability and the high level of uniform strain-hardening effect improve the plasticity of Cu/Ti composite plates. Intense metallurgical bonding at SH interfaces permits Cu/Ti composite plates to withstand greater loads for a long time. A stronger heterogeneous deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening and strain hardening effects are obtained after interfacial microalloying of SHs. It is an effective way to prepare high electrical conductivity materials with advanced strength and plasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of the mechanical properties of nickel-based single-crystal alloy based on near [001]-oriented growth microstructures via laser cladding","authors":"Zhi-Sheng Nong,&nbsp;Han-Sheng Zhi,&nbsp;Xue Cui,&nbsp;Qian-Gang Xu,&nbsp;Rong-Zheng Xu,&nbsp;Moliar Oleksandr","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve crack repair in a Ni-based single-crystal alloy, a GH4738 repairing layer was cladded onto the surface of the single-crystal DD5 alloy using the laser cladding method. The effects of the laser power and scanning speed on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the repaired sample were studied. The results showed that the typical γ/γ′ phases and carbide were formed in both the repairing layer and substrate, and the carbide primarily belonged to the Ta-rich compound. An increase in the cladding power caused the repairing layer to crack. When the laser power was 1200 W and the cladding speed was 2 mm/s, the tensile strength and elongation of the repaired sample were 1126.1 MPa and 12.2 %, respectively. The fracture mechanism was primarily a cleavage fracture. The grain growth direction of the repairing layer tended toward the [001] direction, and no noticeable difference in the orientation from that of the substrate was observed. The lattice mismatch between the phase interface of the repairing layer and substrate was small. This indicated that the growth of the γ/γ′ phases between these two regions maintained a coherent relationship, which was the primary reason for the excellent mechanical properties of the repaired samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148233"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven quantification of orientation dependent damage caused by voids using Machine Learning","authors":"David Montes de Oca Zapiain,&nbsp;Nicole K. Aragon,&nbsp;Hojun Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Voids have a significant impact on the structural safety and performance of polycrystalline metal alloys given their crucial role on the initiation and evolution of damage. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the relationship between the internal crystalline structure of metal alloys and their corresponding damage behavior and properties is essential for the materials community. Crystal plasticity theories, in conjunction with finite element (CPFEM), are actively used to describe and characterize this behavior given the fact that they directly consider the orientation of the crystallographic plains, slip systems and other microstructural features. Nevertheless, despite its accuracy, CPFEM-based analysis protocols are often ill-suited for establishing a computationally efficient and accurate linkage between the microstructure and the resulting damage performance given their high computational cost and their need to iteratively solve complex, numerically stiff and highly non-linear equations. In this work, we address this challenge by establishing a machine learning (ML)-based linkage between the microstructure and the resulting damage performance. Specifically, we leverage AdaBoosted decision trees to connect crystal orientations, represented with Generalized Spherical Harmonics, to a measure of damage derived from the classical Lemaitre continuum damage model. The developed ML model accurately predicts the Lemaitre stress around a spherical void at a fraction of the computational cost compared to CPFEM simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148186"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Cr-W-Pt alloys with high X-ray visibility for next-generation balloon-expandable stents","authors":"Tomoki Nakajima ,&nbsp;Yuri Ito ,&nbsp;Kosuke Ueki ,&nbsp;Tomokazu Numano ,&nbsp;Kyosuke Ueda ,&nbsp;Takayuki Narushima","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Balloon-expandable stents are deployed using radiography, necessitating materials with high X-ray visibility, excellent corrosion resistance, high strength and ductility, and low yield stress. In this study, we designed and developed Co-Cr-W-Pt alloys by replacing Ni with Pt in a Co-Cr-W-Ni (ASTM <span><span>F90</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, <span><span>L605</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) alloy, which is used for practical balloon-expandable stents, with the aim of achieving both high X-ray visibility and excellent mechanical properties. The brightness of the developed alloys, which was evaluated using an X-ray television system, decreased with an increase in the Pt content, indicating that Pt addition improved X-ray visibility. The developed Co-Cr-W-Pt alloys with grain sizes of 25–48 μm exhibited ductility similar to that of conventional Pt-Cr steel and ultimate tensile strength higher than that of Pt-Cr steel. Anodic-polarization tests revealed that the corrosion resistance of the Co-Cr-W-Pt alloys was comparable to that of the L605 alloy. The elution of metal ions in the simulated body fluid was decreased to an acceptable level, and the developed alloys exhibited lower magnetic susceptibility than the L605 alloy. The Co-Cr-W-Pt alloys with high X-ray visibility, excellent mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance, and low magnetic susceptibility are suitable materials for next-generation balloon-expandable stents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148216"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-directed energy deposition additive manufacturing of a lean hot work tool steel: Tempering behavior and impact toughness","authors":"Zhao Zhao ,&nbsp;Lorena Emanuelli ,&nbsp;Sasan Amirabdollahian ,&nbsp;Giorgia Lupi ,&nbsp;Riccardo Casati ,&nbsp;Faraz Deirmina ,&nbsp;Massimo Pellizzari","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HWTS 50 is a Cr, Mo, V is a new lean hot work tool steel with ∼0.2 wt% carbon, designed with chemical composition modifications to achieve comparable properties and temper resistance to those of medium carbon hot work tool steels such as AISI H13 (∼0.4 % C in wt.), while offering improved processability in laser additive manufacturing (LAM) processes. This paper reports on the processing and properties of this tool steel by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). Results suggest achievement of near-fully dense and crack-free martensitic microstructure with up to 6 vol% retained austenite (RA), which is substantially lower than that typically found in laser AM-processed AISI H13 (i.e., up to 20 vol%). As-built (AB) material exhibits a hardness of ∼47 HRC and Charpy V-notch impact energy of ∼20 J. Hardness of 48–50 HRC can be achieved by tempering slightly above the secondary hardness peak of 575 °C, either through quenching and tempering or direct double tempering from AB condition. Direct tempering improves temper resistance due to higher dislocation density and higher matrix supersaturation in elements carbon, nitrogen, and vanadium in AB condition, leading to a higher number density of fine and stable secondary carbides through over-tempering. In the above hardness range, the impact toughness of quenched and tempered steel was substantially higher than that of directly tempered one (i.e., ∼18 J vs. ∼12 J). Increased impact energy by prior quenching could be ascribed to microstructural homogenization, removal of inter-dendritic micro-segregation, and columnar prior austenite grain boundaries, which act as preferential sites for chains of alloy carbides precipitation, serving as low energy preferential crack initiation and propagation path. The new steel grade showed enhanced tempering resistance compared to AISI H13, particularly at elevated temperatures (i.e., &gt;600 °C). Enhanced AM processability, optimum balance of hardness-, impact toughness-, and tempering resistance suggest it can be used for the manufacturing and repair of hot work tool steels in laser AM processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148220"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation mechanisms of multiphase microstructures in laser powder bed fusion processed stainless steels","authors":"Mustafa Tobah ,&nbsp;Zenan Zhang ,&nbsp;Mohsen Taheri Andani ,&nbsp;Arkajit Ghosh ,&nbsp;Amit Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys via powder bed fusion - laser beam (PBF-LB) was performed on three different powder mixtures with ratios of 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30 (weight %) austenitic stainless steel (SS) 316L and duplex stainless steel (DSS) 2507. Extraordinary room temperature tensile behavior in the as-built state is correlated with the complex microstructures achieved in the mixed powder deposits that are not observed with only SS 316L or DSS 2507 powders. Polycrystalline ferritic microstructures in the 50(316L):50(DSS2507) powder mixture build containing a low volume fraction of ultra-fine scale austenite at grain boundaries has exhibited tensile strength exceeding 1 GPa with elongation to failure of ≈28 % due to enhanced Hall-Petch strengthening coefficient. Additionally, the 70:30 sample showed similar ductility to the 100 % 316L sample (∼34 % and ∼35 % elongation to failure, respectively) despite having ∼65 % ferrite in its microstructure. The retention of ductility in spite of the significant increase in tensile strength, from 410 MPa for 100 % 316L to 764 MPa for the 70 (316L):30(DSS2507) powder mixture build sample is attributed to a twin induced plasticity (TWIP) type effect in the needle-like austenite distributed within the ferrite grains. The strength, strain hardening, and ductility of the different microstructures are analyzed using dislocation theory, based on transmission electron microscopy characterization of deformation mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148224"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}