Materials Science and Engineering: A最新文献

{"title":"Influence of inter-lamellar spacing on the strain rate sensitivity and deformation mechanisms in nano-pearlite","authors":"Sudharm Rathore,&nbsp;Narayanaswamy Sake,&nbsp;Bhawesh Chhajed,&nbsp;Aparna Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of inter-lamellar spacing on the strain rate sensitivity and deformation mechanisms in nano-pearlite. Two blocks of pearlitic steels with inter-lamellar spacing of 67 ± 7 nm and 110 ± 7 nm were obtained by austenitization at 1000 °C followed by isothermal holding at 575 °C and 700 °C respectively. The blocks, referred to as NP575 and NP700, were subjected to ambient temperature tensile testing at strain rates ranging from 2 × 10⁻¹ s⁻¹ to 3 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. The finer pearlitic block NP575 didn't show any significant sensitivity to the applied strain rate at all values of strains, primarily due to the predominance of fiber loading deformation mechanism in finer pearlite. However, NP700 is highly sensitive to the applied strain rate at lower strains (ε <span><math><mo>&lt;</mo><mspace></mspace><mrow><mn>0.018</mn><mo>)</mo><mtext>,</mtext></mrow></math></span> while the strain rate sensitivity of NP700 diminished significantly at higher strains (ε <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0.018</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) analysis revealed significant differences between the samples regarding the distribution and activity of dislocations. NP700 showed larger areas with high kernel average misorientation (KAM) values at the lowest strain rate but smaller areas at the highest strain rate of testing. However, at the highest as well as the lowest strain rate, NP575 showed a similar area fraction of regions with high KAM values and the appearance of KAM distribution was similar to NP700 at the highest strain rate, suggesting that dislocation activity considerably reduced at the highest strain rate for NP700. Post-deformation TEM observations for NP700 specimen tested at the lowest strain rate showed the shearing of cementite lamellae as a precursor to failure. However, failure in both the lowest and highest strain rate tested specimens of NP575 as well as the highest strain rate tested specimen of NP700 occurred due to the breaking of cementite lamellae through the fiber loading mechanism. These findings elucidate the differences in the deformation mechanisms and micro-mechanical behavior of nano-pearlite enabled by changes in strain rate and inter-lamellar spacing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"932 ","pages":"Article 148242"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving impact toughness of aluminum alloy through scanning strategy during laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Shuoqing Shi ,&nbsp;Yufan Zhao ,&nbsp;Haiou Yang ,&nbsp;Xin Lin ,&nbsp;Chewang Jia ,&nbsp;Weidong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An effective high-speed scanning remelting strategy has been proposed to improve the microstructure of AlSi10Mg alloy in laser powder bed fusion. The optimized microstructures enhance the resistance of crack initiation and propagation, resulting in an increase of ∼76.9 % in the impact toughness of the improved sample compared to the normal deposit. The laser scanning strategy applied in this work promotes the adaptability of aluminum alloy produced via additive manufacturing in dynamic load application scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"932 ","pages":"Article 148244"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu lead-free solder","authors":"Feiyang Chen,&nbsp;Zhaoxiu Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Wang,&nbsp;Yonggang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic mechanical response of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu lead-free solder at medium to high strain rates was investigated using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The microstructural evolution of the material was characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The results indicate that the dynamic mechanical behavior of the solder is strain rate dependent. When the strain rate ranges from 250 s⁻¹ to 2300 s⁻¹, the primary deformation mechanism in the initial stage is dislocation slip, with the flow stress increasing as the strain rate increases. In the later stage, the deformation behavior is closely associated with work hardening and continuous dynamic recrystallization. When the strain rate ranges from 2300 s⁻¹ to 4000 s⁻¹, twinning becomes the dominant deformation mechanism in the early stage. The softening effect caused by twin formation competes with the hardening effect induced by dislocations, rendering the flow stress in the early stage insensitive to the strain rate. Subsequently, the extensive distribution of twin boundaries contributes to grain refinement, leading to a sudden increase in flow stress. The high (004) pole density oriented at approximately 28° to the loading direction is closely related to the extensive formation of twins. In the later stage of deformation, twinning-induced dynamic recrystallization causes material softening, resulting in a decrease in flow stress with increasing strain rate. Furthermore, the presence of numerous intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the eutectic region causes local stress concentrations, promoting the nucleation of twins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148201"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen influences thermal activation parameters for dislocation glide during low cycle fatigue of 316L stainless steel","authors":"Dayane M. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Christopher W. San Marchi ,&nbsp;Douglas L. Medlin ,&nbsp;Jeffery C. Gibeling","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Measurements of activation areas are used to investigate the effect of hydrogen on the kinetics of dislocation glide during cyclic deformation in cold-worked 316L stainless steel. Non-charged and hydrogen-precharged (H-precharged) specimens were tested in low cycle fatigue (LCF) under plastic strain control. A series of plastic strain rate changes was performed periodically at the peak true plastic strain from the first cycle to half-life, and at various plastic strain values around stable hysteresis loops near half-life to determine the operational activation area, Δ<em>a∗</em>. Both material conditions demonstrate a rapid increase in Δ<em>a∗</em> during the initial rapid softening followed by a region of approximately constant values coinciding with a reduced rate of softening. Near half-life, hydrogen reduces Δ<em>a∗</em> at a given true stress due to its effect on the activation distance and obstacle spacing. The magnitudes of Δ<em>a∗</em> reveal that bypassing solutes, cutting forest dislocations, and initiating cross slip are important mechanisms of thermally activated dislocation glide at all amplitudes, except hydrogen suppresses cross slip at the lowest plastic strain amplitudes. These results are supported by electron microscopy characterization of deformed microstructures. A Haasen plot analysis indicates that forest dislocations control the kinetics of deformation in both material conditions. It also reveals the presence of athermal obstacles in both non-charged and H-precharged conditions, likely dense dislocation tangles and cell walls. Additionally, the effect of hydrogen on microstructure evolution (by reducing the propensity for cross slip) leads to a dependence of athermal stress on plastic strain amplitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"932 ","pages":"Article 148243"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on columnar-equiaxed crystal transition of laser deposited TC4 titanium alloy induced by synchronous layer-by-layer ultrasonic impact","authors":"Zubin Chen ,&nbsp;Faquan Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjiao Chen ,&nbsp;Guorui Jiang ,&nbsp;Xianglin Cui ,&nbsp;Xiyun Yang ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, synchronous layer-by-layer ultrasonic impact was proposed to induce columnar-equiaxed crystal transition during laser directed energy deposition of TC4 alloy. The microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties were thoroughly investigated to clarify the recrystallization process and strengthening mechanisms of deposited TC4 alloy. The results indicated that recrystallization occurred in the deposited sample following the application of ultrasonic impact, transforming the grain structure from columnar crystals extending through the deposited layer to fine equiaxed crystals. This process results in a grain size reduction of approximately 97 %. Additionally, the preferred orientation of the grains was significantly weakened, while the dislocation density was substantially increased. After applying ultrasonic impact, the internal phase structure of the sample experienced significant changes. The elongated acicular <em>α</em>-phase was gradually replaced by a lamellar net-basket <em>α</em>-structure, and increased retention of <em>β</em>-phases was observed within the grains, accompanied by the precipitation of ultrafine-grained <em>β</em> particles. Due to the grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening with the contribution value of 49 MPa and 66 MPa, the overall mechanical properties of the alloys were markedly enhanced when the deposited samples were treated by ultrasonic impact. The excellent ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation values were 1067 MPa, 896 MPa and 16.6 %, respectively. Generally, synchronous layer-by-layer ultrasonic impact offers a novel approach for improving the microstructure and enhancing the mechanical properties of TC4 alloy fabricated by laser directed energy deposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148240"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of the influence of heat treatments and surface finishing conditions on the high cycle fatigue behaviour of W360 hot work tool steel produced by Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam","authors":"M. Zanni,&nbsp;G. Di Egidio,&nbsp;L. Tonelli,&nbsp;A. Morri,&nbsp;L. Ceschini","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-cycle fatigue behaviour of W360 steel produced by Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam (PBF-LB) is explored by comparing post-processing of industrial interest, involving both heat treatments (conventional quenching and multiple tempering (CHT), or innovative high-pressure heat treatment (HPHT)) and surface finishing (sandblasting, machining, shot peening). The combination of HPHT and machining returns the highest fatigue strength (767 ± 10 MPa) by reason of: i) reduced number and size of process-related defects compared to CHT and machining (457 ± 19 MPa); ii) reduced surface roughness compared to HPHT and sandblasting (243 ± 23 MPa) and HPHT and shot-peening (403 ± 19 MPa). The latter combination, however, shows an improved fatigue strength than the sandblasted one, thanks to compressive residual stress in the superficial region. The correlation between killer defect and fatigue performance is also discussed based on the Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram and the El-Haddad model, and compared to the conventionally manufactured steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"932 ","pages":"Article 148237"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shortening the heat treatment of third generation advanced high strength steels by forming carbide free bainite in the presence of martensite","authors":"Daniel dos S. Avila ,&nbsp;Stefan M.C. van Bohemen ,&nbsp;Richard M. Huizenga ,&nbsp;S. Erik Offerman ,&nbsp;Maria J. Santofimia","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Successful implementation of third generation advanced high strength steels (3rd gen AHSS) can be accelerated by developing steels that can be heat treated in existing industrial lines. Here, we develop new carbide free bainitic (CFB) steels in which bainite formation is accelerated by a 0.2 volume fraction of prior martensite and thus can be realized in 5 min, making them suitable for manufacturing in modern continuous annealing lines for bare steel strips. The resulting microstructure consists of bainitic ferrite, tempered martensite, and retained austenite. Carbon and silicon had the most pronounced effect on the mechanical properties among the studied alloying elements (manganese, niobium, chromium, and molybdenum) because of their influence on the fraction and stability of retained austenite. Our proposed treatment, which we call bainite accelerated by martensite (BAM), showed higher strength and lower global formability than traditional CFB without prior martensite (also called TRIP-assisted bainitic ferrite, TBF) and quenched and partitioned (Q&amp;P) steels. Five of the designed steels showed tensile strength higher than 1370 MPa, a total elongation higher than 8%, and hole expansion capacity higher than 30%, and thus meet the requirements for the strongest commercial grades of complex phase steels with improved formability. This work broadens the possibilities of using existing industrial lines for manufacturing novel 3rd gen AHSS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148241"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manipulation of mechanical properties of a promising radiation shielding metal-ceramic composite using electropulsing","authors":"Shan Qin,&nbsp;Zizhao Wang,&nbsp;Chulin Chen,&nbsp;Jie Gao,&nbsp;Yuqiao Mao,&nbsp;Ruikun Wang,&nbsp;Liqun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiation shielding materials with integrated exceptional shielding capacities and robust mechanical properties have critical applications in nuclear industries. A promising radiation shielding metal-ceramic MAB phase material, containing tungsten (M = W), aluminium (A = Al) and boron (B), exhibits comprehensive neutron and gamma ray shielding capacities but suffers from strong brittleness. In this study, a novel strategy using electropulsing was employed to toughen this material. It was demonstrated that the flexural strength and displacement of electropulsed materials were significantly enhanced by up to 92 % and 640 %, respectively. It was revealed that electropulsing activates the debonding of Al atoms in the MAB lattice, which results in the healing of existing holes within materials. Interestingly, electropulsing induced the formation of mixed crystalline and amorphous Al structures that wrapped the WAlB and WB phases. The large capacity of amorphous Al accommodating shear strains renders the enhanced flexural properties while maintaining the shielding capacity of materials after electropulsing. The findings may remove one of the bottlenecks for the industrial application of these materials, and provide a promising approach for toughening other similar ceramics with intrinsic brittle characters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"932 ","pages":"Article 148229"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and fracture toughness evaluation of AgCu/MoS2 composites: Insights from micro-mechanical characterization","authors":"Xiuchong Zhu,&nbsp;Youwang Tu,&nbsp;Bo Luo,&nbsp;Yixuan Cao,&nbsp;Xiao Kang,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the fabrication, fracture toughness, and load-dependent wear mechanisms of AgCu/MoS₂ composites to enhance the understanding of their tribological performance under varying load conditions. The AgCu/MoS₂ composites were fabricated through resonant acoustic mixing powder metallurgy at 780 °C in a hydrogen atmosphere. Nano-scratch and nanoindentation tests were employed to assess the fracture toughness, friction coefficient, and wear behavior under different applied loads. Results showed that as the load increased from 50 mN to 400 mN, the material exhibited a decrease in hardness and elastic modulus, indicating enhanced plastic deformation at higher loads. Tribological tests revealed that increasing the load caused a transition in the wear mechanism from pitting to crack propagation and delamination, resulting in a decrease in wear resistance. Additionally, the fracture toughness, evaluated through the nano-scratch method, was found to be 3.04 MPa <span><math><mrow><msqrt><mi>M</mi></msqrt></mrow></math></span>, aligning with experimental observations. This study provides valuable insights into the load-dependent wear mechanisms of AgCu/MoS₂ composites, offering a theoretical basis for optimizing silver-based composites in tribological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"932 ","pages":"Article 148230"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V/EH690 clad plates with stainless steel interlayer by vacuum hot rolling","authors":"F.R. Wang,&nbsp;S. Guo,&nbsp;Y.K. Wang,&nbsp;G.M. Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium (Ti)/steel clad plates have demonstrated significant potential for advancing marine engineering applications by leveraging the advantages of both materials. This study investigated the impact of tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V/EH690 clad plates with stainless steel (SS) interlayer produced by vacuum hot rolling, elucidating the microstructural evolution and formation mechanisms at the interface. The results revealed that the addition of the SS interlayer leads to the formation of two distinct layers of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) observed through scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM): layer 1, located near the SS interlayer, comprised of TiC, Fe₂Ti, and σ phase, while layer 2, adjacent to the Ti-6Al-4V side, was composed of FeTi. The incorporation of the SS interlayer reduced the microhardness differential across the interface, thereby enhancing the shear strength. After tempering at 560 °C, the clad plate exhibited the highest shear of 256 MPa. Shear fractures at different tempering temperatures occurred at the Ti-6Al-4V/SS interlayer interface, exhibiting a ductile-brittle mixed fracture mode. As the tempering temperature increased, the decarburization of EH690 steel intensified, resulting in an increase in brittle TiC within the interface IMCs layer and a corresponding decline in shear strength. The clad plates displayed delamination fracture characteristics during tensile testing. As the tempering temperature increased, the recrystallization softening of the base and cladding materials delayed interface delamination, resulting in a peak elongation (EL) of 20.5 % after tempering at 660 °C. By controlling the tempering temperature, the distribution of interfacial products in Ti-6Al-4V/EH690 clad plates with an SS interlayer could be precisely tailored, strengthening interfacial bonding and improving the synergistic deformation capability of the base and clad materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"931 ","pages":"Article 148232"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}