A. Sabik, A. Andrzejewska-Sroka, K. Daszkiewicz, M. Rucka, W. Witkowski
{"title":"Evaluation of PLA gyroid scaffold for long bone fracture treatment: numerical and experimental study","authors":"A. Sabik, A. Andrzejewska-Sroka, K. Daszkiewicz, M. Rucka, W. Witkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the paper the load capacity and mechanoregulation properties of a 3D printed gyroid scaffold made of pure PLA implanted into the long bone defect are assessed. The constitutive law of the material is estimated based on experimental data and a finite element method (FEM) model. Within the FEM, the bone healing process is simulated, considering the biphasic nature of the tissues and making use of the Prendergast mechanoregulation theory, where the mechanical stimuli include octahedral shear strain and interstitial fluid velocity. The computations are performed in Abaqus software. It is shown that the strength of pure PLA is sufficient for the treatment of long bone fractures. The gyroid scaffold provides a low mechanical stimulus in the fracture gap and reduces adverse strain and velocity concentration between the fractured bone fragments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intervertebral disc degeneration increases surface strain on metastatic vertebrae in compression and flexion but not in torsion","authors":"Margherita Pasini , Giulia Cavazzoni , Enrico Dall’Ara , Samuele Luca Gould , Christine Le Maitre , Luca Cristofolini , Marco Palanca","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the fundamental role of intervertebral discs (IVDs) in the biomechanics of the spine, their condition has never been considered among the possible factors affecting the mechanical behaviour of metastatic vertebrae. The structure of the IVDs changes over the course of life, leading to alterations of their biomechanical behaviour. This study aimed to assess if IVD degeneration affects the strains experienced by the adjacent healthy or metastatic vertebrae.</div><div>Eight human spine segments consisting of four vertebrae, with a healthy and a metastatic vertebra in the middle and mildly degenerated IVD, were prepared. The segments were biomechanically tested under different loading configurations: axial compression, flexion, and torsion. An enzymatic IVD degeneration was induced by injecting a collagenase solution. The degenerated specimens were tested again, following the same loading protocol. Surface vertebral strains were measured with a 3D-Digital Image Correlation (DIC).</div><div>IVD degeneration was found to influence the strain distributions in the adjacent vertebrae. In particular, IVD degeneration resulted in a significant increase of the median compressive strains experienced by the cortical shell of the metastatic vertebrae, in both axial compression (+25.6 %) and flexion (+43.7 %), with larger strains close to the degenerated IVD. Conversely, control vertebral showed less relevant variations between the two conditions. Negligible strain differences were, instead, observed in torsion, for both metastatic and control vertebrae.</div><div>This study showed the ability of the healthy vertebrae to withstand loads transmitted in different directions and highlighted the susceptibility of metastatic vertebrae to even minor alterations in boundary conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144469917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal experimental design for repeatable hyperelastic material characterization","authors":"Amirreza Asadi, Kaveh Laksari","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable identification of hyperelastic material parameters is essential for precisely modeling the mechanical behavior of various materials including biological tissues, which in turn has significant medical applications. However, experimental configurations often lack quantitative design guidelines, leading to high variance in reported parameters and sometimes irreproducible results. To address the sensitivity of material parameter identification, this study introduces a novel “stress-material Jacobian” framework to determine optimal experimental configurations, i.e., loading mode, loading level, and number of experiments, for hyperelastic material characterization. By analyzing the determinant and condition number of the Jacobian relating the stress parameter space and the material parameter space, we propose a novel approach to determine optimal experimental configurations across different deformation ranges, modes, and hyperelastic models, providing quantitative measures for experimental design. Our method identifies configurations that minimize sensitivity to noise, ensure robustness, and reduce the number of required tests. We verify the approach on three classical hyperelastic models, namely, Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden models, under various loading conditions. Results show significant improvement in parameter identification reproducibility and robustness to measurement uncertainties. The analysis also briefly addresses heterogeneous material characterization, paving the way for its broader application in biomechanics and engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carola Irlinger, Bogna Stawarczyk, John Meinen, Daniel Edelhoff, Felicitas Mayinger
{"title":"Impact of polishing, glazing and firing, restoration thickness, point of loading and aging on the edge chipping resistance of lithium silicate ceramics","authors":"Carola Irlinger, Bogna Stawarczyk, John Meinen, Daniel Edelhoff, Felicitas Mayinger","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the edge chipping resistance (ECR) of four lithium silicate ceramics at different thicknesses and points of loading after various surface treatment, firing and aging protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>288 rectangular specimens were cut from CAD/CAM ceramics (lithium-di-silicate: Amber Mill, Amber Mill Direct, IPS e.max CAD; lithium-alumino-silicate: CEREC Tessera) in three thicknesses (1.5 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm) and underwent different surface treatments (polishing, glazing, no surface treatment) and/or firing protocols (high translucency, medium opacity). Specimens were bonded to 4 mm thick dentine analogues and loaded 0.25 mm or 0.30 mm from the edge using a Vickers diamond indenter. ECR was determined initially, after thermocycling (5/55 °C, 10,000 cycles) and after hydrothermal aging (134 °C, 0.2 MPa, 120min). Force when chipping occurred was recorded and ECR calculated. Data were analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Friedmann and Wilcoxon tests (p < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For 7/18 groups, glazed and medium opacity fired Amber Mill showed higher ECR than all other groups. In comparison with polishing or exclusive firing, a surface treatment with glazing led to the highest ECR. The influence of specimen thickness and point of loading was negligible. While aging reduced the ECR in 50 % of the glazed groups, the ECR of those groups remained among the highest.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>With the majority of groups showing no impact of the specimen thickness, a reduced restoration thickness of 1.5 mm seems to present limited disadvantages and should thus be considered for minimal invasive treatments. With regards to ECR, glazing can be recommended as the preferred surface treatment method for CAD/CAM lithium silicate ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yufan Wu, Krashn Kumar Dwivedi, Jacob Rother, Maya K. Sumra, Jessica E. Wagenseil
{"title":"Different physiologic biomechanical metrics correlate with aortic diameter increases in normal maturation compared to aneurysm progression in mice","authors":"Yufan Wu, Krashn Kumar Dwivedi, Jacob Rother, Maya K. Sumra, Jessica E. Wagenseil","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is the major cardiovascular manifestation of Marfan Syndrome (MFS), a connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in fibrillin-1. Aneurysmal dilation usually occurs in the ascending aorta (ASC) in MFS, but structural and mechanical changes are detectable throughout the arterial tree that may lead to dissection and rupture. Clinical management includes measuring ASC diameter and/or growth rate but does not typically include other regions of the thoracic aorta and dissection in the descending aorta (DSC) can occur after surgical replacement of the ASC. In severe forms of MFS, dilation forms concomitantly with aortic maturation, so it can be difficult to separate normal and pathologic changes in diameter. We used <em>Fbn1</em><sup><em>mgR/mgR</em></sup> (MU) (a model of severe MFS) and wildtype (WT) mice and quantified biaxial physiologic biomechanical metrics of ASC and DSC at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months of age, which includes a period of normal growth and aortic maturation in WT mice and aneurysm formation in MU mice. The results showed age- and location-specific dilation and alterations in biomechanical metrics with different patterns in WT and MU aorta. A multivariable mixed model showed that stored strain energy and circumferential stress were the primary contributors to aortic diameter predictions in WT ASC and DSC, while circumferential and axial incremental moduli (i.e. material stiffness) were the primary contributors to aortic diameter predictions in MU ASC and DSC. The results highlight different biomechanical metrics associated with aortic diameter increases in normal maturation compared to TAA progression in mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siqi Lei , Xiaoli Qin , Shuhui Shen , Xiaohong Ma , Cunkuan Yang , Xiaoxue Mai , Xiaoan Cao , Zhijie Liu , Weibo Xie , Shengrong Yang , Jinqing Wang
{"title":"Green synthesis of PVA-LS-MXene composite conductive hydrogel for high-performance skin wound dressings","authors":"Siqi Lei , Xiaoli Qin , Shuhui Shen , Xiaohong Ma , Cunkuan Yang , Xiaoxue Mai , Xiaoan Cao , Zhijie Liu , Weibo Xie , Shengrong Yang , Jinqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels have been demonstrated to possess excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. Nevertheless, their restricted mechanical resilience and antimicrobial properties have substantially constrained their utility in advanced wound care applications. To address these critical limitations, we constructed a conductive composite hydrogel as a potential wound dressing through strategic incorporation of lignin (LS) and MXene nanosheets into a PVA matrix. This ternary system establishes robust intermolecular networks via non-covalent interactions, effectively overcoming the historical challenges of inadequate mechanical performance and insufficient antimicrobial efficacy in conventional hydrogel dressings. The composite hydrogel displays high tensile strength (up to 340.8 kPa), elongation at break of up to 239.9 %, and compression modulus of more than 0.41 MPa. Meanwhile, the composite hydrogel exhibits excellent antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility, which helps to minimize wound infections and promote wound healing. Furthermore, the PLM composite hydrogel markedly accelerated wound healing in a mouse wound model. In this work, an environmentally benign PLM composite membrane demonstrated multifunctional therapeutic potential through synergistic integration of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and electroconductive properties, offering an efficacious multimodal therapy for infected and damaged skin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Raphael Woida , Nina Graupner , David Labonte , Jörg Müssig
{"title":"The role of the membrane in the hen's egg as a model for increasing the toughness of engineered brittle materials","authors":"T. Raphael Woida , Nina Graupner , David Labonte , Jörg Müssig","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eggshell and the attached membrane are the focus of many fields of research, but their mechanical properties as a biomineralised composite are seldom explored. This investigation aimed to asses the influence of the membrane on energy dissipation during macroscopic structure failure, and if this effect could be reproduced with artificial membranes for later use in biomimetic materials. Compression tests followed by fracture pattern analysis were conducted for five types of manipulated egg halves: samples with and without the natural membrane, and three samples where the membrane was replaced with artificial membranes made from epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, or wood glue. To preserve the shell's shape, the natural membrane was removed with NaClO. Significant differences regarding the fracture forces between samples with the natural membrane and no membrane (20 % decrease of average), and the natural and artificial membranes (30 % increase of average) were measured. Fracture pattern analysis and investigation of the total work performed during compression testing revealed the highest improvements in toughness for the artificial polyurethane-resin membrane. Without any membrane, very small amounts of work were required to completely shatter the egg, and no fragment cohesion was observed. The presence of the membrane significantly enhanced the effective toughness of the eggshell, and the biomimetic abstraction of this concept is considered feasible for further investigation involving engineered brittle materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chiara Bregoli , Jacopo Fiocchi , Carlo Alberto Biffi , Ausonio Tuissi , Sergio Luis de Gallareta , Naiara Rodriguez-Florez , Alessandro Borghi
{"title":"Biomechanical study of an additively manufactured NiTi patient-specific device for the treatment of craniosynostosis","authors":"Chiara Bregoli , Jacopo Fiocchi , Carlo Alberto Biffi , Ausonio Tuissi , Sergio Luis de Gallareta , Naiara Rodriguez-Florez , Alessandro Borghi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Craniosynostosis, a pathological condition in which the fusion of cranial sutures prevents the normal development of the skull, may be treated by spring assisted surgery. The present work aims to employ additive manufacturing (AM) for the production of a novel NiTi spring distractor able to provide adequate and constant force during the treatment of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. The use of AM allows to design patient-matched devices fitting the specific skull curvature of the new-borns, while the pseudoelastic behavior of NiTi can offer a constant force over a large deformation.</div><div>The proposed novel device consists of three pairs of unit cells, the shape of which was optimised using finite element analysis. Thereafter, patient-specific NiTi springs were produced by laser powder bed fusion and the functional behaviour of the material was assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile testing. The AMed material reached as high relative density as 99.6 %. The AMed spring prototype was tested at 37 °C, exhibiting a pseudoelastic response at 350 MPa up to 4 % in strain: this functional behavior depended on the austenitic phase, that was detected at body temperature by the DSC scan.</div><div>The proposed prototype paves the way for the design of a first AMed NiTi medical device for the treatment of unicoronal craniosynostosis, and could be further extended to other minimally invasive treatments requiring bone remodelling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parker R. Brewster , Jake E. Akins , Casey M. Holycross , Farhad Farzbod
{"title":"Thermal fatigue resistance of vertebrate bone: A comparative study of endothermic and ectothermic species using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy","authors":"Parker R. Brewster , Jake E. Akins , Casey M. Holycross , Farhad Farzbod","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we propose the hypothesis that there is a significant difference in thermal cycling fatigue resistance between the bones of ectothermic and endothermic animals. We performed an experiment to test whether bones of endothermic animals, having potentially lost their ability to adapt to thermal cycling, exhibit reduced resistance to thermal fatigue compared to ectothermic animals, which may have retained this adaptive trait due to their environmental conditions. The change in stiffness was determined using shifts in the resonant peaks of the frequency spectrum obtained from Resonant Ultrasonic Spectroscopy (RUS). To achieve this, samples of compact (cortical) and spongy bone tissue were extracted and polished before undergoing a 29-day period of thermal cycling. The changes in the resonance frequencies were then observed. Changes in resonant frequencies imply corresponding changes in elastic constants. The primary findings indicated that bones from ectothermic species exhibited minimal changes in elastic properties compared to those from endothermic species, as evidenced by the smaller shifts in resonant peak magnitudes following thermal cycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan Komala , Yu-Ting Chen , Ying-Chun Chen , Chih-Ching Yeh , Tung-Wu Lu
{"title":"A finite element simulation study on the superficial collagen fibril network of knee cartilage under cyclic loading: Effects of fibril crosslink densities","authors":"Ivan Komala , Yu-Ting Chen , Ying-Chun Chen , Chih-Ching Yeh , Tung-Wu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body, plays a pivotal role in the functioning of tissues such as cartilage of synovial joints. Mathematical modeling enables the more detailed study of the physical behavior of the network under load bearing. In this study, we aimed to develop a microscopic finite element (FE) modeling approach for the study of the stresses and strains of the collagen fibrils of cartilage under mechanical loading. This new approach enabled the two-dimensional modeling of a series of collagen meshwork at the microscopic level based on typical superficial collagen fibril structures of the articular cartilage. A collagen fibril network, a microscopic structure composed of 24 collagen fibrils, was designed to mimic the typical configuration found in the surface layer of cartilage. Twenty networks were developed, each representing one of three distinct crosslink density levels: high, medium, and low. This setup enabled us to investigate the effects of varying fibril connectivity on the network's morphology and its stress and strain responses under continuous biaxial tensile forces and cyclic loading, simulating the contact forces experienced by knee cartilage during walking. It was found that highly-crosslinked meshwork had greater stiffness than lower-crosslinked meshwork but with higher fibril strain under constant load, and that both the collagen meshwork and individual fibrils became stiffer with reduced deformation after several cycles. The current FE modeling approach provides new insights into the structure-function relationships of the collagen-like meshwork, with a specific focus on the unique role of fibril connectivity under mechanical loads. The current results suggest that collagen stiffening after several cyclic loading may lead to the embrittlement of collagen fibrils, altering the mechanical behavior of the cartilage. This study provides further evidence of the importance of the interfibrillar morphology of collagen meshwork in the mechanical behavior of cartilage. The current model illustrates the functional behavior of the collagen network and can be integrated into more comprehensive multiscale cartilage models that include additional components such as water and proteoglycans, thereby enabling a more complete representation of cartilage mechanics. Future research may utilize this collagen-centric model within broader, multi-phase frameworks to examine interactions between the collagen structure, fluids, and the proteoglycan network. These insights into fibril crosslink density-dependent mechanics may help elucidate early micro-mechanical changes occurring during osteoarthritis progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 107100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}