Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials最新文献

{"title":"Regional variations of mechanical responses of IVD to 7 different motions: An in vivo study combined with FEA and DFIS","authors":"Juan Du ,&nbsp;Haiyu Dong ,&nbsp;Meng'en Huang ,&nbsp;Vadim V. Silberschmidt ,&nbsp;Lin Meng ,&nbsp;Jun Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The abnormal mechanical behaviour of a lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) is commonly recognized as a direct indicator of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, current methods cannot evaluate the patient-specific mechanical performance of an IVD in vivo during movement. This study establishes a patient-specific (PS) model that combines the kinematics parameters of the lumbar spine obtained with a dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) and a finite-element (FE) method for the first time to reveal the mechanical behaviours of IVDs in vivo under seven motions. Three healthy participants were recruited for this study. CT images were obtained to create finite-element models of L3-L5 spine segments. Meanwhile, participants were required to take specific positions including upright standing, flexion, extension, left and right lateral bending, as well as left and right axial torsion in the DFIS. The in vivo kinematic parameters, calculated by registering the CT images with images obtained with DFIS, were considered as loading conditions in FE simulations. Significant differences of von Mises stresses and principal strains were found between PS model and GN model which employing a generalized moment as loading conditions, former resulting in up to 76.74 % lower strain than the GN model. Also, considerable differences were observed for five anatomical regions of the IVD (L3-L5). Under all motions, the stress in the centre region (nucleus pulposus) was the lowest, while the stress in the posterior region was the highest in extension motion. Therefore, activities such as stretching with an extension, should be avoided by patients with a herniated disc, in which the posterior region was the herniation site. The PS model combining in vivo kinematics and FE simulations shows the potential in the design and assessment of patient-specific implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive systematic review of marketed bone grafts for load-bearing critical-sized bone defects","authors":"Davide Ninarello ,&nbsp;Alberto Ballardini ,&nbsp;Giacomo Morozzi ,&nbsp;Luigi La Barbera","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Treatment of critical-sized bone defects typically involves implantation of a bone graft. Various types of bone grafts are nowadays marketed, categorized by their origin as allografts, xenografts, or synthetic grafts. Despite their widespread use, a comprehensive understanding of their morphology and mechanical response remains elusive. Controlling these characteristics for promoting bone growth and ensuring mechanical resistance remains challenging, especially in load-bearing districts. This study aims to systematically review existing literature to delineate the principal morpho-mechanical characteristics of marketed bone grafts designed for load-bearing applications. Furthermore, the obtained data are organized and deeply discussed to find out the relationship between different graft characteristics. Among 196 documents identified through PRISMA guidelines, encompassing scientific papers and 510(k) documents, it was observed that a majority of marketed bone grafts exhibited porosity akin to bone (&gt;60%) and mechanical properties resembling those of low-bone volume fraction trabecular bone. The present review underscores the dearth of information regarding the morpho-mechanical characteristics of bone grafts and the incomparability of data derived from different studies, due to the absence of suitable standards and guidelines. The need for new standards and complete and transparent morpho-mechanical characterization of marketed bone grafts is finally emphasized. Such an approach would enhance the comparability of data, aiding surgeons in selecting the optimal device to meet patient’s needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of mechanical variables best describing bone remodelling responses based on their correlation with bone density","authors":"Javier Martínez-Reina ,&nbsp;Joaquín Ojeda ,&nbsp;José Luis Calvo-Gallego ,&nbsp;Peter Pivonka ,&nbsp;Saulo Martelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Density distribution in bones can be estimated using bone remodelling models (BRM) and applying daily normal loads to assess the stress/strain state to which the bone is subjected. These models locally relate a certain mechanical stimulus, derived from the stress/strain state, directly to bone density or to its variation over time. The background of this idea is Frost’s Mechanostat Theory, which states that overloading states tend to increase bone density and disuse states tend to decrease it. Different variables have been proposed in the literature to measure the mechanical stimulus. Strain energy density (SED) and stresses have been commonly used as mechanical stimuli, but to date their use has not been justified with convincing arguments. In this paper we have selected several variables derived from stress and strain tensors and correlated them with the distribution of bone density in the femur of 13 elderly women to conclude which would be most appropriate for use as a mechanical stimulus in a BRM. We have performed this correlation analysis for six different activities: walking normally, fast walking, stair ascent, stair descent, rising from and sitting on a chair, and jumping in place. Musculoskeletal models were used to estimate joint reaction and muscle forces of each individual for each activity. These were applied to the corresponding finite element model of the femur to obtain stress and strain tensors at each point. The variables proposed as mechanical stimulus and derived from these tensors were correlated to the actual density obtained for each individual from CT-scans. Our results show that stress variables are the best correlated with density. In contrast, the correlations of SED are very weak, so it is not a good candidate for mechanical stimulus. Strains are also weakly correlated to density, but in this case because their distribution across the femur is rather uniform. This is in agreement with the Mechanostat Theory which states that bone reacts to load changes by changing its stiffness so to keep strains in a certain interval. Consequently, a plausible choice for a remodelling criterion could be keeping that strain uniformity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer microsphere inks for semi-solid extrusion 3D printing at ambient conditions","authors":"Juuso Pohjola ,&nbsp;Mika Jokinen ,&nbsp;Tero Soukka ,&nbsp;Mikael Stolt","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extrusion-based 3D printing methods have great potential for manufacturing of personalized polymer-based drug-releasing systems. However, traditional melt-based extrusion techniques are often unsuitable for processing thermally labile molecules. Consequently, methods that utilize the extrusion of semi-solid inks under mild conditions are frequently employed. The rheological properties of the semi-solid inks have a substantial impact on the 3D printability, making it necessary to evaluate and tailor these properties. Here, we report a novel semi-solid extrusion 3D printing method based on utilization of a Carbopol gel matrix containing various concentrations of polymeric microspheres. We also demonstrate the use of a solvent vapor-based post-processing method for enhancing the mechanical strength of the printed objects. As our approach enables room-temperature processing of polymers typically used in the pharmaceutical industry, it may also facilitate the broader application of 3D printing and microsphere technologies in preparation of personalized medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights on stabilization and destabilization effect of ionic liquids on type I collagen fibrils","authors":"Kuntala Banerjee ,&nbsp;Christina Mathew ,&nbsp;Chandrasekar Inbasekar ,&nbsp;Nishter Nishad Fathima","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuned assembly of collagen has tremendous applications in the field of biomedical and tissue engineering owing to its targeted biological functionalities. In this study, ionic liquids choline dihydrogen citrate (CDHC) and diethyl methyl ammonium methane sulfonate (AMS) have been used to regulate the self-assembly of collagen at its physiological pH by probing the assembled systems at certain concentration ratios of ionic liquids and the systems were studied using various characterization methods. Due to interaction with collagen, choline dihydrogen citrate causes delay in the collagen fibrillisation process showing no binding interactions with collagen. In contrast, diethyl methyl ammonium methane sulfonate shows crosslinking effect on collagen fibrillisation due to the electrostatic interaction with the tetrahedral hydration shell of collagen moieties. From rheological studies it was observed that the AMS treated collagen fibril at 1:1 % (w/v) has highest linear viscoelastic range, this can bear the stress under high strain compare to native collagen fibril as well as all CDHC composites. For a sustainable biomaterial or bio-scaffold, mechanical property plays pivotal role on it and from our experimental analysis we found certain composites of ionic liquid treated collagen fibrillar assembly which may act as a sustainable biomaterial or bio-scaffold. It was also evolved that, how the structure-function relationship of ionic force modulated fibrillar assembly controlling the mechanical properties of the tuned system. This self-assembled, ionic-liquid treated collagen-fibrillar system would accelerate various force modulated fibrillar network study, for mimicking the ECM and tissue engineering application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of thermally programmable 3D shape memory polymer-based devices tailored for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms","authors":"Rakesh Das ,&nbsp;Tanner L. Cabaniss ,&nbsp;Sergio A. Pineda-Castillo ,&nbsp;Bradley N. Bohnstedt ,&nbsp;Yingtao Liu ,&nbsp;Chung-Hao Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite recent technological advancements in endovascular embolization devices for treating intracranial aneurysms (ICAs), incomplete occlusion and aneurysm recanalization remain critical challenges. Shape memory polymer (SMP)-based devices, which can be manufactured and tailored to patient-specific aneurysm geometries, possess the potential to overcome the suboptimal treatment outcome of the gold standard: <em>endovascular coiling</em>. In this work, we propose a highly porous patient-specific SMP embolic device fabricated via 3D printing to optimize aneurysm occlusion, and thus, improve the long-term efficacy of endovascular treatment. To facilitate device deployment at the aneurysm via Joule-heating, we introduce a stable, homogeneous coating of poly-pyrrole (PPy) to enhance the electrical conductivity in the SMP material. Using an in-house pulse width modulation circuit, we induced Joule-heating and characterized the shape recovery of the PPy-coated SMP embolic devices. We found that the employed PPy coating enables enhanced electrical and thermal conductivity while only slightly altering the glass transition temperature of the SMP material. Additionally, from a series of parametric studies, we identified the combination of catalyst concentration and pyrrole polymerization time that yielded the shape recovery properties ideal for ICA endovascular therapy. Collectively, these findings highlight a promising material coating for a future coil-free, personalized shape memory polymer (SMP) embolic device, designed to achieve long-lasting, complete occlusion of aneurysms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106784"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microarchitectural properties of compacted cancellous bone allografts: A morphology micro-computed tomography analysis","authors":"D. Putzer ,&nbsp;J. Pallua ,&nbsp;G. Degenhardt ,&nbsp;D. Dammerer ,&nbsp;M. Nogler ,&nbsp;R. Arora","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Massive bone loss poses a significant challenge in defect reconstruction. The use of compacted allografts is a valuable technique to reconstruct bone stock. This study aimed to assess the impact of compression on the microstructure of native cancellous bone chips with a micro-CT analysis.</div><div>Bone samples were harvested from 15 femoral heads donated by patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty. Bone chips were prepared using a bone mill. All samples with the same weight were compressed by 25% and 50% of their original volume and subsequently scanned with a micro-CT scanner to determine the microarchitectural morphology of the bone chips. Uniaxial compression test was carried out before and after a standardized compaction procedure.</div><div>Comparing the samples without compaction to 50%, the number of trabeculae doubled, the volume ratio doubled, and the trabeculae spacing was reduced, showing voids of 800 μm on average. The number of interlocking possibilities tripled, while no differences were seen in the trabeculae morphology. Uniaxial compression test showed a yield limit after compaction of 0.125 MPa.</div><div>Interlocking might occur three times more with a denser material than in a non-compacted sample. The increase in density comparable to manual intraoperative compaction did not lead to significant fragmentation of the allograft material. The assessed microarchitecture should, therefore, reassemble the intraoperative situation during a manual bone impaction procedure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved stomatognathic model for highly realistic finite element analysis of temporomandibular joint biomechanics","authors":"Yunfan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jinyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Deqiang Yin ,&nbsp;Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mechanical response analysis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is crucial for understanding the occurrence and development of diseases. However, the realistic modeling of the TMJ remains challenging because of its complex composition and multivariate associations.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to develop a highly realistic stomatognathic model that accurately represents the geometric accuracy, structural integrity, and material properties. And further optimizes the interference and establishes the application range of the simplifications and the assumptions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Geometric reconstruction of the bone was based on high-resolution image data, with the accuracy of the occlusal surface ensured by plaster cast model registration. Soft tissues such as cartilage, the disc, the periodontal ligament (PDL), and disc attachments often need to be approximated or assumed. Therefore, the finite element methods (FEM) was used to optimize these assumptions, including 1) the biomechanical effects of the thickness and modulus of the PDL, 2) the approximation of the geometry and material behavior of the disc, and 3) the simplification of the loading and boundary conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>1) The deformation of the PDL causes tooth movement, which spreads to the distal condyle and further effects the TMJ load situation, 2) Disc reconstructed by MRI and hyperelastic material behavior are necessary for accurate TMJ loading analyses, 3) The loss of relative sliding movement between teeth interferes with realistic TMJ loading.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The improved stomatognathic model delivers highly realistic and validated simulation, offering theoretical guidance for virtual treatments and TMJ multivariate overload studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental & numerical investigations of ultra-high-speed dynamics of optically induced droplet cavitation in soft materials","authors":"Bachir A. Abeid ,&nbsp;Mario L. Fabiilli ,&nbsp;Mitra Aliabouzar ,&nbsp;Jonathan B. Estrada","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluorocarbon (PFC) droplets represent a novel class of phase-shift contrast agent with promise in applications in biomedical and bioengineering fields. PFC droplets undergo a fast liquid-gas transition upon exposure to acoustic or optical triggering, offering a potential adaptable and versatile tool as contrast agent in diagnostic imaging and localized drug delivery vehicles in therapeutics systems. In this paper, we utilize advanced imaging techniques to investigate ultra-high-speed inertial dynamics and rectified quasi-static (low-speed) diffusion evolution of optically induced PFC droplet vaporization within three different hydrogels, each of different concentrations, examining effects such as droplet size and PFC core on bubble dynamics and material viscoelastic properties. Gelatin hydrogels reveal concentration-dependent impacts on bubble expansion and material elasticity. Embedding PFC droplets in gelatin increases internal pressure, resulting in higher equilibrium radius and continuous bubble growth during quasi-static evolution. Similar trends are observed in fibrin and polyacrylamide matrices, with differences in bubble behavior attributed to matrix properties and droplet presence. Interestingly, droplet size exhibits minimal impact on bubble expansion during inertial dynamics but influences quasi-static evolution, with larger droplets leading to continuous growth beyond 60 s. Furthermore, the core composition of PFC droplets significantly affects bubble behavior, with higher boiling point droplets exhibiting higher maximum expansion and faster quasi-static dissolution rates. Overall, the study sheds light on the intricate interplay between droplet characteristics, matrix properties, and multi-timescale bubble dynamics, offering valuable insights into their behavior within biomimetic hydrogels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal evolution of mechanical properties in PDMS: A comparative study of elastic modulus and relaxation time for storage in air and aqueous environment","authors":"Yuanmin Zhang,&nbsp;Casey Adam,&nbsp;Henrik Rehnstrom,&nbsp;Sonia Contera","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a soft, biocompatible polymer extensively employed in biomedical research, notable for its tunable mechanical properties achieved through cross-linking. While many studies have assessed the mechanical properties of PDMS utilizing macroscopic and microscopic methods, these analyses are often limited to freshly prepared samples. However, the mechanical properties of PDMS can be expected to change during prolonged exposure to water or air, such as interface polymer chain loosening or surface hardening, which are critical considerations in applications like cell culture platforms or microfluidic devices. This paper presents a comprehensive 10-day investigation of the evolution of PDMS surface mechanical properties through AFM-based nano-indentation. We focused on the most commonly utilized crosslinker-to-base ratios of PDMS, 1:10 (r10) and 1:20 (r20), under conditions of air and deionized water storage. For r10 samples, a hardening process was detected, peaking at 2.12 ± 0.35 MPa within five days for those stored in air and 1.71 ± 0.16 MPa by the third day for those immersed in water. During indentation, the samples displayed multiple contact points, suggesting the formation of distinct regions with varying mechanical properties. In contrast, r20 samples exhibited better stability, with an observed elastic modulus averaging 0.62 ± 0.06 MPa for air-stored and 0.74 ± 0.06 MPa for water-stored samples. Relaxation experiments, interpreted via the General Maxwell Model featuring two distinct component responses, a relatively consistent fast response τ₁ (on the order of 10⁻¹ s), and a more variable, slower response τ₂ (on the order of 10 s), throughout the study period. The identification of two distinct relaxation times suggests the involvement of two disparate material property regimes in the relaxation process, implying changes in the surface material composition at the interface with air/water. These variations in mechanical properties could significantly influence the long-term functionality of PDMS in various biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}