Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials最新文献

{"title":"Try-in procedure and surface treatment strategies: Optimizing the fatigue behavior of lithium disilicate restorations","authors":"Telma de Souza Pires ,&nbsp;Felipe Somavilla Binotto ,&nbsp;Maria Gabriela Packaeser ,&nbsp;Rafael R. Moraes ,&nbsp;Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira ,&nbsp;Rafaela Oliveira Pilecco","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This <em>in vitro</em> study evaluated how different surface treatments during try-in affect the fatigue behavior of lithium disilicate ceramic. Disc-shaped lithium disilicate specimens were fabricated and allocated into 4 groups: (1) CTRL – try-in paste removed with 37% phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), followed by etching with 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) and silane treatment; (2) HFSIL PRE – HF and silane applied before try-in, followed by H₃PO₄ cleaning; (3) HFSIL PRE + SIL POST – same as HFSIL PRE, with an additional silane application after paste removal; and (4) HFSIL PRE + HFSIL POST – HF and silane applied both before and after try-in. Specimens were bonded to fiber-reinforced epoxy resin discs with resin cement. Baseline (24-h water storage) and aged (25,000 thermal cycles) samples underwent fatigue testing (n = 15; 20 Hz, initial load 200 N, step size 50 N, 10,000 cycles per step) to measure fatigue failure load (FFL) and cycles for failure (CFF). Monotonic test (1 mm/min) was also performed to determine maximum load. At baseline, no significant differences in fatigue behavior were observed among the groups. After aging, HFSIL PRE group demonstrated superior fatigue behavior compared to HFSIL PRE + HFSIL POST group. No significant differences were found between CTRL, HFSIL PRE, and HFSIL PRE + SIL POST. Aging significantly reduced FFL and CFF across all groups. These results suggest that a surface treatment protocol involving single etching and silane application during try-in optimizes the mechanical performance of lithium disilicate restorations. Re-etching with HF after try-in is unnecessary and may impair fatigue performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical age-related differences in the human cadaveric annulus fibrosus","authors":"Sabrina I. Sinopoli ,&nbsp;Mitchel C. Whittal ,&nbsp;Noah Chow ,&nbsp;Diane E. Gregory","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>As humans age, the intervertebral disc begins to deteriorate and lose structural integrity. The purpose of this study was to examine age-related mechanical differences of the annulus fibrosus in a human cadaveric model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-two discs were removed from eight soft fixed human cadaveric spine segments (T10-S1) ranging from 53 to 90 years of age; 5 male, 3 female. All discs were a degenerative grade of 3 or higher. Single layer (n = 22), bilayer (n = 22), and multilayer annulus samples (n = 37) were mechanically tested from of the excised discs. Single layer and bilayer samples were mechanically tested in tension; single layer testing isolated the intralamellar matrix while bilayer testing provided a more holistic measure of the annular mechanical properties. The multilayer samples were tested via a 180° peel test to investigate the interlamellar matrix. From these tests, numerous mechanical properties were quantified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Age was found to significantly affect single and bilayer stiffness and numerous stress properties including single layer failure stress, bilayer end of toe-region stress, and bilayer stress at 15 % strain such that as age increased, the magnitude of these mechanical properties decreased. In contrast, age did not affect any peel test mechanical property (p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated that, with increasing age, the annulus fibrosus becomes more compliant and weaker. However, the adhesive matrix found between the lamellae of the annulus does not appear to be impacted by age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should the load-to-fracture test for CAD/CAM monolithic molar crowns be standardized and how? A systematic review and finite element analysis","authors":"Nicole Cindy Fontinele Miranda ,&nbsp;Ivan Onone Gialain ,&nbsp;Marlene Kasumi Gantier-Takano ,&nbsp;Rafael Yagüe Ballester ,&nbsp;Bruno Agostinho Hernandez ,&nbsp;Alex Fok ,&nbsp;Josete Barbosa Cruz Meira","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.106984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.106984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The load-to-fracture test is widely used to evaluate crowns made of new CAD/CAM materials, even though its validity in predicting clinical performances is often questioned. Despite its limitations, the test is useful in assessing the load-bearing capacity of crowns subjected to accidental overloads and setting up step-stress regimes for fatigue testing. This study combined a systematic review (SR) and finite element analysis (FEA) to assess whether the test should be standardized and how.</div><div>The SR evaluated load-to-fracture studies of monolithic CAD/CAM molar crowns published in Q1 and Q2 journals. Findings from 85 studies highlighted the lack of standardization in test methods, particularly regarding loading head type and die material. This variability led to a wide dispersion of fracture load results, limiting the utility of the load-to-fracture test.</div><div>The FEA evaluated the influence of loading head type and die material on tensile stress distribution in lithium disilicate (LD) and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) crowns. Eight in vitro conditions were simulated, varying the loading head (4 mm and 10 mm spheres, inverse V-shaped device, opposing teeth) and die material (stiff, E = 207 GPa; non-stiff, E = 13 GPa). The FEA confirmed that the stress distribution and peak tensile stress in LD and PICN crowns depend significantly on these factors as well as the crown material properties, with the peak stress variation from LD to PICN ranging from −4 % to 237 %. Using larger-diameter spheres with a die material approximating dentin in stiffness resulted in stress distributions more representative of clinical conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 106984"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting rheological properties of HAMA/GelMA hybrid hydrogels via machine learning","authors":"Bincan Deng ,&nbsp;Sibai Chen ,&nbsp;Fernando López Lasaosa ,&nbsp;Xuan Xue ,&nbsp;Chen Xuan ,&nbsp;Hongli Mao ,&nbsp;Yuwen Cui ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Gu ,&nbsp;Manuel Doblare","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>- Rheological properties are pivotal in determining the printability of biomaterials, directly impacting the success of 3D bioprinted constructs. Understanding the intricate relationship between biomaterial formulations, rheological behavior and printability can facilitate the advancement and rapid development of biomaterials. Herein, we critically measured the rheological properties of hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA)/gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hybrid hydrogels with varied formulations and generated a dataset to train a machine learning (ML) model. By utilizing four well-known algorithms, we developed the ML model for the viscosity and shear stress of HAMA/GelMA hydrogel mixtures. To improve model interpretability, we further created a multilayer perceptron framed model, known as HydroThermoMLP, by incorporating the Redlich-Kister polynomial as the thermodynamic representation of viscosity of mixtures. To accomplish the MLP learning on limited data, the shared loss function was formulated on the basis of the R-K presentation to guide the joint training process. The established HydroThermoMLP model, while maintaining the same accuracy as Random Forest, produces outputs that adhere to thermodynamic constraints and instill confidence in generalization applications with a simple algorithm informed by the R-K polynomial. It presents a robust predictive ML tool to forecast the viscosity of hybrid hydrogels and direct the design of biomaterials while appropriately abiding by thermodynamic constraints as essential guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting overloading plate failure using specimen-specific finite element models combined with implantable sensors","authors":"Dominic Mischler ,&nbsp;Manuela Ernst ,&nbsp;Peter Varga","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mechanical failure of plate osteosyntheses, such as plate bending, still occur in patients. While finite element (FE) models can simulate the mechanical behavior of a bone-plate construct, they lack <em>in vivo</em> validation due to unknown loads. The advent of implantable sensors, which monitor fracture healing by measuring plate deformation, presents an opportunity to validate these FE models <em>in vivo</em>. However, there is currently no established link between the sensor signal and the predicted implant failure. The aim of this study was to bridge this gap by combining FE simulations with sensor data to predict experimentally obtained implant failure of bone-plate constructs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seven cadaveric ovine tibia shaft fractures, fixed with locking plates, were tested for quasi-static failure, with implantable sensors monitoring plate bending deformation. These setups were mirrored in FE models, where virtual sensor signals, calibrated from a four-point bending test on the isolated sensor, were compared to experimental signals at the onset of plate bending.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a high correlation between the experimental and virtual sensor signals from the four-point bending test (R² &gt; 0.99). The construct-specific FE models, with the calibrated virtual sensor signals, demonstrated a strong correlation with experimental sensor signals at yield (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.89, standard error of estimate = 187.0, relative standard error = 11.9 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>FE models accurately predicted sensor signals at plate bending onset, enabling retrospective <em>in vivo</em> validation without load data and supporting tailored rehabilitation to lower patient complication rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of three-dimensional stabilization thread design on biomechanical fixation and osseointegration of endosteal implants","authors":"Blaire V. Slavin ,&nbsp;Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak ,&nbsp;Edmara T.P. Bergamo ,&nbsp;Joseph P. Costello II ,&nbsp;Quinn T. Ehlen ,&nbsp;Zachary M. Stauber ,&nbsp;Natalia Fullerton ,&nbsp;Lukasz Witek ,&nbsp;Paulo G. Coelho","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Implant's primary stability is determined by the intimate and immediate contact between the implant and osteotomy wall, whereas secondary stability is primarily influenced by healing chambers that facilitate the bone formation and remodeling processes following placement. Therefore, modifications to macro-geometric parameters are essential to elicit the desired <em>in vivo</em> response and to ensure successful osseointegration. Three-dimensional (3D) stabilization thread forms comprise both curved and linear geometric surfaces across the thread's crest maximizing retention forces while constraining lateral movement under load relative to conventional buttress-threaded implants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized Ti-6Al-4V ELI implants with (i) a buttress thread design [Tapered Pro, BioHorizons®, Birmingham, AL, USA] (TP - control) compared to (ii) a novel, patented, 3D stabilization trimmed-thread design (TP 3DS - experimental). Implants were placed in the mandible of sheep (N = 14 sheep, 6 implants per group per sheep) and allowed to heal for 3- and 12-weeks (N = 7 sheep per time point). During implant placement (T = 0 weeks), the maximum insertion torque value (ITV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were measured by torque-in testing and resonance frequency analysis, respectively. After the healing periods, subjects were euthanized, and samples harvested <em>en bloc</em> for biomechanical evaluation via lateral loading tests in addition to histomorphometric and nanoindentation analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ITV values were significantly lower in the TP 3DS group compared to TP (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Both groups presented ISQ values ≥ 70, indicating high primary stability. Relative to the TP group, TP 3DS exhibited a significant (∼1.85-fold) increase in lateral load at 3 weeks (<em>p</em> = 0.029) and comparable load values at 12 weeks (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). No quantitative differences in percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone-area-fraction-occupancy (BAFO) were observed at either time points between the two thread designs (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Similarly, no differences in bone's mechanical properties (Young's modulus (E) and Hardness (H)) between TP and TP 3DS were observed at 3- and 12- weeks (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Qualitatively, scattered microcracks were apparent at the outer threads of the implant, particularly within the TP group, whereas small bone chips were interspersed between threads of the 3DS implant serving as additional nucleation sites for bone formation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The TP 3DS design reduced insertion torque, improved lateral loading competence, and resulted in a healing pattern, that are beneficial during early stages of osseointegration compared to TP implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite element model and experimental validation of a solitary wave-based tonometer","authors":"Madison Hodgson ,&nbsp;Ali Komaie ,&nbsp;Piervincenzo Rizzo ,&nbsp;Samuel J. Dickerson","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glaucoma is an age-related incurable disease and the second cause of blindness in the world. The risk of developing glaucoma increases in the presence of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), a risk factor that can be modified through surgery. In clinical practice, IOP remains the cornerstone of the diagnosis and management of glaucoma, and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is considered the gold standard in IOP measurements. However, GAT, as any other commercial system, provides a single value that is unable to frame the circadian rhythm and sporadic surges of IOP. This capability is only possible with a portable device that patients can eventually self-administer anytime anywhere. To serve the purpose, the device must be easy-to-use and not requiring sterilization or topical anesthesia. Additional desirable features are low price and adaptability to patient's eyeball geometry. To address these needs, our group has conceptualized, assembled, and tested a new tonometer based on highly nonlinear solitary waves propagating along a chain of particles, the last of which is in dry contact with the eye to be evaluated. The hypothesis is that the travel time of the waves propagating within the chain is monotonically associated with the IOP. In this study, the effect of central corneal thickness (CCT) and IOP of artificial corneas made of polydimethylsiloxane was quantified experimentally, and modeled numerically using static and dynamic finite element analyses. The numerical and experimental results agreed in identifying a correlation between ToF and IOP and CCT. However, some quantitative discrepancies between numerical and experimental results warrant the improvement of the model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of additively manufactured β-Ti latticed hip implants in reducing femoral stress shielding: A finite element study","authors":"Peter Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Piyapat Jameekornkul ,&nbsp;Ajit Panesar ,&nbsp;Moataz M. Attallah","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.106999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.106999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Total or partial hip replacement procedures have become one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures worldwide. However, a significant and increasing percentage of these patients return for revision surgeries due to stress shielding phenomena and the following implications such as aseptic implant loosening. Various strategies are under investigation to reduce the mechanical properties gap between the implant and the femur tissues. In this study, different development aspects have been merged to improve the design of hip implants and minimise the stress shielding. A low elastic modulus β-Ti TNTZO alloy has been used as the implant material. An actively optimised lattice structure has been embedded into the implant to tune its mechanical properties according to the bone properties of the patient. The study showed that using TNTZO reduced the average stress shielding of the implant by 31 % compared to commercial CoCr implants. Moreover, with two-step TNTZO lattice optimisation, the stress shielding was fully eliminated in all the femur sections, which accelerates the healing process of the bone and extends its long-term life. The study presented a scope for further optimisation to address other objectives, such as implant stiffness and eliminating stress concentration zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 106999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastomeric behavior of the Bombyx mori fibroin (GAGAGS)n tandem motifs","authors":"Alvaro Ridruejo ,&nbsp;Luis F. Pacios ,&nbsp;Joseph Arguelles ,&nbsp;Cheryl Y. Hayashi ,&nbsp;Manuel Elices ,&nbsp;Gustavo V. Guinea ,&nbsp;José Pérez-Rigueiro","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical properties of tandems composed by a repetition of the –GAGAGS– motif characteristic of <em>Bombyx mori</em> silk fibroin are explored using molecular dynamics simulations. For each tandem the calculation starts from the configuration reached upon minimizing the initial energy and proceeds by determining representative stationary states obtained from molecular dynamics simulations at a temperature of T = 300 K. Subsequently, the tandems are loaded by applying force to the α-carbon atoms at their ends and the force-displacement curve is built from the force exerted on the tandem as a function of the end–to–end distance between these atoms. The results obtained reveal two regimes as a function of the number of repetitions: tandems with one or two repetitions do not show a characteristic elastomeric behavior, while the curves calculated for tandems with a number of repetitions of three or greater can be fitted to the theoretical curves of a freely jointed chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain softening and hysteresis arising from 3D multicellular dynamics during long-term large deformation","authors":"Ken-ichi Tsubota ,&nbsp;Shota Horikoshi ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Hiraiwa ,&nbsp;Satoru Okuda","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Living tissues exhibit complex mechanical properties, including viscoelastic and elastoplastic responses, that are crucial for regulating cell behaviors and tissue deformations. Despite their significance, the intricate properties of three-dimensional (3D) cell constructs are not well understood and are inadequately implemented in biomaterial engineering. To address this gap, we developed a numerical method to analyze the dynamic properties of cell constructs using a 3D vertex model framework. By focusing on 3D tissues composed of confluent homogeneous cells, we characterized their properties in response to various deformation magnitudes and time scales. Stress relaxation tests revealed that large deformations initially induced relaxation in the shapes of individual cells. This process is amplified by subsequent transient cell rearrangements, homogenizing cell shapes and leading to tissue fluidization. Additionally, dynamic viscoelastic analyses showed that tissues exhibited strain softening and hysteresis during large deformations. Interestingly, this strain softening originates from multicellular structures independent of cell rearrangement, while hysteresis arises from cell rearrangement. Moreover, tissues exhibit elastoplastic responses over the long term, which are well represented by the Ramberg–Osgood model. These findings highlight the characteristic properties of cell constructs emerging from their structures and rearrangements, especially during long-term large deformations. The developed method offers a new approach to uncover the dynamic nature of 3D tissue mechanics and could serve as a technical foundation for exploring tissue mechanics and advancing biomaterial engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 107001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}