Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics最新文献

{"title":"A Narrative Review of Intermittent Fasting With Exercise.","authors":"Kelsey Gabel, Alyshia Hamm, Ola Czyzewski, Julienne Sanchez Perez, Anisa Fought-Boudaia, Robert W Motl, Paul R Hibbing","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intermittent fasting is a dietary pattern that encompasses the 5:2 diet, alternate-day fasting, and time-restricted eating. All 3 involve alternating periods of fasting and ad libitum eating. Like other dietary strategies, intermittent fasting typically induces loss of both fat mass and lean mass. Exercise may thus be a useful adjuvant to promote lean mass retention while adding cardiometabolic, cognitive, mental, and emotional health improvements. In this narrative review, we summarize current evidence regarding the combination of intermittent fasting and exercise and its influence on body weight, body composition, cardiometabolic risk, and muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness. A PubMed search was conducted to identify all trials lasting >4 weeks that combined 5:2 diet, alternate-day fasting, or time-restricted eating with any modality exercise and had body weight as an end point. A total of 23 trials (26 publications) were identified. Evidence suggests that combining intermittent fasting with exercise leads to decreased fat mass regardless of weight status. However, evidence is equivocal for the influence on other aspects of weight loss and body composition, fat-free mass, and cardiometabolic risk factors and may be dependent on weight status or exercise doses (ie, frequency, intensity, duration, and modality). Higher-powered trials are needed to determine the efficacy of combining exercise and intermittent fasting for benefits on body weight and cardiometabolic risk. Current evidence suggests that intermittent fasting does not impair adaptation to exercise training, and may improve explosive strength, endurance, and cardiopulmonary measures such as maximal oxygen consumption. In addition, we discuss limitations in the current evidence base and opportunities for continued investigation. Future trials in this area should consider interventions that have increased sample size, longer intervention duration, broadened inclusion criteria, objective measures of diet and exercise adherence, and diversity of sample population.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"153-171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141236460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression and Diet Quality, US Adolescents and Young Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015-March 2020.","authors":"Cynthia L Ogden, Nicholas Ansai, Cheryl D Fryar, Edwina A Wambogo, Debra J Brody","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a common mental health disorder.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to explore the association between diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2020 (HEI-2020), and depression symptoms among US adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 29 years.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The study design was a cross-sectional secondary data analysis.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Data from the first 24-hour dietary recall for adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 29 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to March 2020 (n = 4750) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Depression was defined as a score ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire, reflecting moderate or severe symptoms in the previous 2 weeks.</p><p><strong>Statistical analyses performed: </strong>HEI-2020 total (range, 0-100) and component scores were calculated for those with and without depression. Predicted HEI-2020 scores were estimated from linear regression models, adjusting for age, gender, race and Hispanic origin, family income, and seeing a mental health professional in the past year. Statistical analyses accounted for the complex sample design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of depression among adolescents and young adults was 7.8% (95% CI 6.3% to 9.5%). Total HEI-2020 score was 45.9 (95% CI 45.0 to 46.7) out of 100 on a given day during 2015 to March 2020. Among young people with depression, total HEI-2020 score was lower than among those without depression (41.7 vs 46.2; P < .001). After adjustment for covariates, the difference was attenuated, but remained significant. In adjusted analyses, HEI-2020 component scores were lower for those with depression compared with those without depression for the adequacy components: total fruits (1.4 vs 1.7; P = .03), whole fruits (1.2 vs 1.7; P < .01), total vegetables (2.1 vs 2.6; P < .01), greens and beans (0.8 vs 1.2; P < .01), and total protein foods (3.6 vs 4.0; P = .02) out of a maximum score of 5. There were no statistically significant differences observed for whole grains, dairy, seafood and plant proteins, fatty acids, saturated fats, refined grains, sodium, or added sugars.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall diet quality is low among young people. Diet quality, especially consumption of fruits, vegetables, and protein foods was lower among young people with depression compared with those without depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"247-255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142054560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"President's Response.","authors":"Harlivleen Livleen Gill","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"151-152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Intermittent Fasting Intervention for Black Adults Can Be Feasibly Implemented in Black Churches: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.","authors":"Karen H Kim Yeary, Detric Johnson, Narseary Harris, Han Yu, Frances G Saad-Harfouche, Cassy Dauphin, Elizabeth DiCarlo, Tessa Flores, Song Yao, Krista Varady, Li Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Intensive lifestyle interventions, including modest reductions in daily caloric intake (ie, continuous calorie energy reduction [CER]), are recommended by US national professional health organizations (eg, American Heart Association). However, they are less effective in Black communities. A burgeoning literature has reported the promise of intermittent fasting (IF) as an alternative strategy for weight loss. However, IF studies have been conducted with White participants predominately and provided participant resources not readily available in real-world situations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Weight-loss and weight-related outcomes of a scalable (ie, able to be widely disseminated and implemented) IF intervention developed with and for Black adults were compared with a CER intervention for the purpose of determining IF's feasibility (ie, initial effectiveness, adherence, and acceptance) in a Black community.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;A cluster randomized controlled pilot study was conducted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants/setting: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 42 Black adults with a body mass index (calculated as kg / m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ≥25 were recruited from 5 Black churches (3 IF and 2 CER) in Western New York State from September 2021 to May 2022. Participants were free of medical conditions that might have contraindicated participation in a weight-reduction program and other factors that might affect weight loss.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interventions: &lt;/strong&gt;Community health workers delivered the 6-month, 16-session, faith-based IF and CER interventions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcome measures: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary outcome was feasibility, consisting of initial effectiveness on body weight (ie, percent body weight lost from baseline to 6-month follow-up), adherence, and acceptability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Statistical analyses performed: &lt;/strong&gt;Descriptive statistics and linear mixed models accounting for within-church clustering were used. A baseline covariate corresponding to the outcome variable was included in the model. Intent-to-treat analysis was used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;There was statistically significant weight loss within both arms (IF: -3.5 kg; 95% CI -6 to -0.9 kg, CER: -2.9 kg; 95% CI -5.1 to -0.8 kg) from baseline to 6-month follow-up. Compared with CER, IF led to significantly lower daily energy intake (414.2 kcal; 95% CI 55.2 to 773.2 kcal) and fat intake (16.1 g; 95% CI 2.4 to 29.8 g). IF may result in lower fruit and vegetable intake (-103.2 g; 95% CI -200.9 to -5.5 g) and fiber intake -5.4 g; 95% CI -8.7 to -2 g) compared with CER. Participants in the IF arm completed a mean (SE) of 3.8 (1.4) more self-monitoring booklets compared with those in the CER arm (P = .02). Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;An IF intervention developed with and for Black adults can be feasibly implemented in Black churches. Larger studies need to be conduct","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"172-187.e2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141578608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Characteristics and the Home Food Environment Are Associated With Feeding Healthful and Discretionary Foods During the First Year of Life in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study.","authors":"Tonja R Nansel, Carolina Schwedhelm, Leah M Lipsky, Myles S Faith, Anna Maria Siega-Riz","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Feeding of nutrient-poor foods begins in infancy and may adversely influence long-term food preferences.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine associations of socioeconomic characteristics, childbearing parent eating behaviors, and home food environment with infant feeding characteristics.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study from first trimester of pregnancy through 12 months postpartum.</p><p><strong>Participants/setting: </strong>Participants with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies and no major chronic illness were enrolled from November 2014 through October 2016 from 2 university-based obstetrics clinics in Chapel Hill, NC. Of 458 enrolled, 321 were retained through 12 months postpartum.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Participants completed infant food frequency questionnaires indicating age at introduction and frequency of consuming multiple food groups. Exposures included childbearing parent socioeconomic characteristics, hedonic hunger, addictive-like eating, Healthy Eating Index 2015 calculated from three 24-hour diet recalls, and home food environment fruit/vegetable and obesogenic scores.</p><p><strong>Statistical analyses performed: </strong>Multiple imputation using Heckman selection model; linear and logistic regressions examining associations with infant feeding characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower education and income were associated with later infant age at introduction to, and lower frequency of consuming fruits and vegetables at age 12 months. Socioeconomic characteristics were not associated with age at introduction to discretionary solid foods; however, lower education and income were associated with greater infant frequency of intake of discretionary foods and greater odds of introducing fruit juice and sweetened beverages by age 12 months. Childbearing parent Healthy Eating Index 2015, hedonic hunger, and addictive-like eating were not consistently associated with infant feeding characteristics. A more obesogenic food environment was associated with greater frequency of intake of discretionary foods, lower frequency of intake of fruit, and greater odds of fruit juice introduction by age 12 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infant feeding characteristics may be important intervention targets for addressing socioeconomic disparities in child diet quality. Efforts to reduce routine feeding of discretionary foods across socioeconomic groups are needed; modifying the home food environment may promote healthful infant feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"228-238.e1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141079674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Reported Weekend Temporal Eating Patterns of American Adults Differ From Weekday: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys: 2015-2020 Prepandemic.","authors":"Ashima K Kant, Barry I Graubard","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.07.158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.07.158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Weekend-weekday differences in time of ingestive events may be implicated in adverse metabolic and health outcomes. However, little is known about the nature of weekend-weekday differences in temporal eating behaviors of the US adult population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to examine weekend-weekday differences in temporal and energy characteristics of ingestive events self-reported by American adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational; within-person comparative.</p><p><strong>Participants/setting: </strong>The data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2015-March 2020 (pre-pandemic) for ≥20-year-old adults who provided 1 weekday (M-Th) and 1 weekend (F, S, Su) 24-h dietary recall (n = 3564 men and 3823 women).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Prespecified primary temporal outcomes were recalled: time of ingestive events, and the duration of ingestive and fasting windows. Secondary outcomes included frequency and energy characteristics of ingestive events.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis performed: </strong>Gender-specific, survey-weighted, multiple linear regression models that accounted for complex survey design with dummy covariates for weekend/weekday, mode of recall administration (in-person on day 1 and telephone on day 2), and a respondent-specific fixed intercept.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both men and women, the weekend recalled time of first ingestive event, breakfast, and lunch were later than weekday (P ≤ .0008); however, no statistically significant differences were observed in time of dinner and the last eating episode. The mean weekend ingestive window (interval between the time of first and last eating events of the day) was shorter by 24 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI], -32, -11) in men and 18 minutes (95% CI, -20, -15) in women, and the mean overnight fasting window was correspondingly longer (P ≤ .0001). No statistically significant differences were observed between weekend and weekday frequency of ingestive events. Energy density of weekend food selections reported by women, and of beverages by men, was found to be higher than weekday (P ≤ .002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Weekend ingestive patterns were characterized by later time of first ingestive event, breakfast, and lunch, and selection of higher-energy-density foods and beverages.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"188-203.e10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11747926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graduate Degree Requirement: Unclear If it is a Necessary Step in Our Profession's Evolution.","authors":"Michele A DeBiasse, Kate Gardner Burt","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tenets for Increasing Access to Nutrition Care Delivered Via Telehealth: Recommendations from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Telehealth Task Force.","authors":"Hannah Martin, Marsha Schofield, Elizabeth Yakes Jimenez","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' Telehealth Task Force was charged with developing a telehealth policy stance to guide the work of the Academy. The task force comprised representatives from diverse areas of telehealth practice, including research, practice, payment, and licensure. They convened in 2020-2021 to conduct an environmental scan and develop a recommended stance on telehealth policy. The tenets of the resulting telehealth stance are (1) Nutrition care services are critical to comprehensive health care delivery systems and should be covered when provided via telehealth under the same coverage and payment policies as in-person care; (2) Patients should have coverage for telehealth delivered via audio only if they cannot effectively access or use audio-visual technologies; (3) In declared emergency situations when access to qualified providers is otherwise severely impacted, the modification of certain consumer protection policies, such as licensure and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act requirements, may be appropriate; (4) Public funding and support for broadband internet, technology, digital literacy education, and language services are necessary to address racial, economic, and geographic health disparities and to address disabilities; and (5) Publicly funded research on telehealth should be nationally representative and include a wide variety of services and providers, including nutrition care services provided by registered dietitian nutritionists and nutrition and dietetic technicians, registered. The telehealth policy stance was formally adopted by the Academy in April 2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"256-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142338561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are People Consuming the Diets They Say They Are? Self-Reported vs Estimated Adherence to Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018.","authors":"Corina Kowalski, Dakota Dustin, Alaa Ilayan, LuAnn K Johnson, Martha A Belury, Zach Conrad","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mischaracterization of dietary intake by patients and study participants is a common problem that presents challenges to clinical and public health approaches to improve diet quality, identify healthy eating patterns, and reduce the risk of chronic disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined participants' self-reported adherence to low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets compared with their estimated adherence using up to 2 24-hour recalls.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This cross-sectional study acquired data on dietary intake from respondents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018.</p><p><strong>Participants/setting: </strong>This study included 30 219 respondents aged 20 years and older who had complete and reliable dietary data and were not pregnant or breastfeeding.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The main outcome was prevalence of self-reported and estimated adherence to low-carbohydrate or low-fat diet patterns.</p><p><strong>Statistical analyses performed: </strong>Self-reported adherence to low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets was evaluated using responses to questionnaires. Estimated adherence to these diets was assessed using data from up to 2 24-hour recalls and usual intake methodology developed by the National Cancer Institute.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1.4% of participants who reported following a low-carbohydrate diet, estimated adherence (<26% energy from carbohydrates) using 24-hour recalls was 4.1%, whereas estimated adherence among those that did not report following a low-carbohydrate diet was <1% (P value for difference = .014). Of the 2.0% of participants who reported following a low-fat diet, estimated adherence (<30% energy from fat) was 23.0%, whereas estimated adherence among those who did not report following a low-fat diet was 17.8% (P value for difference = .048).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research demonstrates that most individuals mischaracterized their diet pattern when compared with up to 2 24-hour recalls. These findings emphasize the need for clinicians and public health professionals to be cautious when interpreting individuals' self-reported diet patterns, and should aim to collect more detailed dietary data when possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"239-246.e1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measured and Predicted Resting Metabolic Rate of Dutch and Norwegian Paralympic Athletes.","authors":"Vera C R Weijer, Kristin L Jonvik, Lotte van Dam, Linn Risvang, Truls Raastad, Luc J C van Loon, Jan-Willem van Dijk","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although resting metabolic rate (RMR) is crucial for understanding athletes' energy requirements, limited information is available on the RMR of Paralympic athletes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine RMR and its predictors in a diverse cohort of Paralympic athletes and evaluate the agreement between measured and predicted RMR from both newly developed and pre-existing equations.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This cross-sectional study, conducted between September 2020 and September 2022 in the Netherlands and Norway, assessed RMR in Paralympic athletes by means of ventilated hood indirect calorimetry and body composition by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Sixty-seven Paralympic athletes (male: n = 37; female: n = 30) competing in various sports, with a spinal cord disorder (n = 22), neurologic condition (n = 8), limb deficiency (n = 18), visual or hearing impairment (n = 7), or other disability (n = 12) participated.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>RMR, fat-free mass (FFM), body mass, and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were assessed.</p><p><strong>Statistical analyses: </strong>Multiple regression analyses were conducted with height, FFM, body mass, sex, T3 concentration, and disabilities as potential predictors of RMR. Differences between measured and predicted RMRs were analyzed for individual accuracy, root mean square error, and intraclass correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean ± SD RMR was 1386 ± 258 kcal/d for females and 1686 ± 302 kcal/d for males. Regression analysis identified FFM, T3 concentrations, and the presence of a spinal cord disorder, as the main predictors of RMR (adjusted R² = 0.71; F = 50.3; P < .001). The novel prediction equations based on these data, as well as pre-existing equations of Chun and colleagues and Nightingale and Gorgey performed well on accuracy (>60% of participants within 10% of measured RMR), had good reliability (intraclass correlation >0.78), and low root mean square error (≤141 kcal).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FFM, total T3 concentrations, and presence of spinal cord disorder are the main predictors of RMR in Paralympic athletes. Both the current study's prediction equations and those from Chun and colleagues and Nightingale and Gorgey align well with measured RMR, offering accurate prediction equations for the RMR of Paralympic athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"217-227.e5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}