Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics最新文献

{"title":"Sociodemographic disparities in adherence to the Planetary Health Diet Index in Peru: Evidence from the National Food and Nutrition Survey 2017-2018.","authors":"Katherine Curi-Quinto, Anthony Aquino-Ramírez, Carla Tarazona-Meza, Giovanna E López, Analí Castellanos-Gutiérrez, Carlos A Gomez-Bravo, Mishel Unar-Munguía, Juan A Rivera, Jessica Fanzo","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2026.156350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2026.156350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The EAT-Lancet Healthy Reference Diet (EAT-HRD) provides global recommendations for a healthy and environmentally sustainable diet but requires country-specific analysis before promotion.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to assess Peruvian adults' adherence to the EAT-HRD and identify associated sociodemographic factors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2017-2018 National Survey of Food and Nutrition Surveillance by Life Stages (VIANEV).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The study included 875 Peruvian adults aged 18-59 years with 24-hour dietary recall data from the Coast, Highlands, and Jungle regions.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Adherence to the EAT-HRD measured with the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI).</p><p><strong>Statistical analyses: </strong>PHDI mean scores and intake relative to recommended levels for each component were calculated. Associations between PHDI and sociodemographic factors were examined using generalized linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean PHDI score was 68.8 (95% CI, 67.8-69.9) of 140. Adherence to plant-based foods, except fruits, was below recommendations: legumes and vegetables around 55%, and lowest for nuts (4%, SE=0.4) and whole grains (18%, SE=4.3). Intakes of animal-source foods, excluding dairy, exceeded recommendations, reaching 199% (SE=2.1) for red and processed meat and 250% (SE=2.1) for poultry and eggs. Tubers, starchy vegetables, added sugar, and fruit juice also exceeded recommendations. Regional disparities were evident: lowest intakes of whole grains (3.5%, SE=2.1) and vegetables (22%, SE=9.7) in the Jungle, excessive tuber intake in the Highlands (780%, SE=30.2), and meat intake of 223% (SE=2.8) on the Coast. Female sex and poverty were associated with higher PHDI scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Peruvian adults' diets showed low adherence to the PHDI and characterized by pronounced subnational disparities, underscoring the need for food system transformation toward equitable, healthy, sustainable, and nutritionally adequate diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"156350"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Price Discounts to Promote Supermarket Fruit, Vegetable, and Noncaloric Beverage Intake and Health Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Aniema Nzesi, Chinara Tate, Allan Geliebter","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2026.156347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2026.156347","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Despite the well-known health benefits of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, dietary quality among Americans remains poor. Barriers to healthy food intake, such as cost, may contribute to suboptimal FV intake.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this study was to assess the effects of multi-level supermarket price discounts of 30%, 15%, or 0% (control) on fruits, vegetables, and noncaloric beverage (NCB) on FV and NCB intake and health outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), Multi-level Supermarket Discounts of Fruits and Vegetables' Impact on Intake and Health, participants underwent an 8-week baseline without price discounts, a 32-week intervention, and a 16-week follow-up period. At week 8, participants were randomized to receive a 30%, 15%, or 0% price discount on FV and NCB.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants/setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Adult supermarket shoppers (n = 312) were recruited in New York City, starting in September 2018 through August 2021. Participants had BMIs of 25-50 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, were between the ages 18-70, and were primary household shoppers. Of those recruited, 167 were randomized. The final intention-to-treat analysis was based on 33 participants in the 30% discount group, 38 participants in the 15% discount group, and 36 participants in the 0% discount group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Intervention: &lt;/strong&gt;At week 8, participants were equally randomized into one of three price discount intervention groups: 30%, 15%, or 0% (control) discount on qualifying FV and NCB.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcome measures: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary outcomes were FV and NCB intake (g/day) and body weight (kg). FV and NCB intake were assessed through unannounced 24-hour dietary recalls conducted on 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day, covering the previous day's consumption. Dietary outcomes were collected a month before weeks 8, 24, 40, and 56, while body weight was obtained at weeks 0, 8, 24, 40, and 56.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Statistical analyses: &lt;/strong&gt;Linear mixed models were used to detect significant group-by-time interactions with planned contrasts to examine the differential change (shown as mean ± standard error (SE)) in primary outcomes between groups over time for the intention-to-treat and complete case samples. A sensitivity analysis was then performed on the intention-to-treat sample by adding key covariates to the model: sex, age at enrollment, season at enrollment, primary supermarket, income level, and COVID-19 pandemic presence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Planned contrasts (shown as mean ± SE) showed that the 15% discount group had greater fruit intake from baseline to the end of the follow-up (+137.4 g/day ± 38.7, p &lt; 0.001) vs the 0% discount group. Contrasts also revealed the 30% discount group had increased vegetable intake during the mid-intervention period (+88.6 g/day ± 40.1, p = 0.028) vs the 0% discount group. Additionally, contrasts showed that diet soda intake increase","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"156347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure to Thrive: A Qualitative Study of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists' Perspectives on Barriers to Timely Nutrition Support in Gastrointestinal Cancer.","authors":"Trisha Lal, Daria Moody, Rishi Chiratanagandla, Natalie N Chakraborty, Christine Horvat Davey, Samudragupta Bora, Shira Eitan, Amy LeJuene, Amy Dunbar, Richard S Hoehn","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2026.156332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2026.156332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition affects about 61% of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, yet timely, registered dietitian nutritionist-led care is often delayed or uneven across settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify registered dietitians' (RDs) perceived barriers to timely nutrition support in GI oncology within a multisite academic health system.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews, supplemented by a brief survey to characterize participants and practice context.</p><p><strong>Participants/setting: </strong>Seven RDs practicing across inpatient and outpatient services at a main campus and satellite sites (all non-Hispanic White women; median age 45 years, interquartile range [IQR] 37 to 52 years).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Perceived barriers to timely nutrition support; theme salience by clinician characteristics (years in practice, GI caseload, and number of facilities).</p><p><strong>Analyses performed: </strong>Inductive thematic analysis by 2 coders with iterative codebook refinement and consensus; descriptive summaries of survey items; joint display mapping participant attributes to theme salience (0 = not mentioned, 1 = mentioned, 2 = strongly emphasized) and a salience-weighted score (the sum of the 5 theme ratings; range = 0 to 10).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five barriers emerged: Access, Referral Timing, Coordination, Workforce Constraints, and Emotional Burden. Theme salience peaked among clinicians covering 2 or more facilities (mean salience-weighted score = 9.5 out of 10). In the joint display (years in practice, GI caseload, and the number of facilities), Access, Coordination, and Workforce appeared across all subgroups. All RDs endorsed a multidisciplinary team focused on nonmedical barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>System-level obstacles, particularly access limitations, coordination gaps, and staffing constraints, delay timely nutrition support in GI oncology, with multisite coverage intensifying these challenges. Findings highlight actionable leverage points for implementation, including standardized early referral triggers, structured cross-setting handoffs, streamlined resource navigation, and workforce supports. In response, a preoperative nutrition handout paired with an automatic RD referral at the surgical preoperative visit was initiated at the study institution. Prospective studies should assess the influence on nutritional status, treatment tolerance, and patient-reported outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"156332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of Predictive Energy Expenditure Equations Compared to Indirect Calorimetry for Hospitalized Adults: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review.","authors":"Moloney L, Bowser E","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2026.156330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2026.156330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Predictive equations are commonly used to estimate energy needs in hospitalized patients. Accurate estimations help prevent under- or overfeeding, both linked to adverse health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aimed to (1) summarize evidence evaluating the validity of predictive equations compared to indirect calorimetry in hospitalized adults and (2) compare outcomes of nutrition support guided by predictive equations versus indirect calorimetry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' Evidence Analysis Center conducted a scoping review following methodologies adapted from Arksey and O'Malley, Levac et al., and the Joanna Briggs Institute. A comprehensive search was performed on December 4, 2024, in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Included studies evaluated predictive energy equations or their use in guiding nutrition support in hospitalized adults (≥18 years), were published in English after 1996, and appeared in peer-reviewed journals. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data using a standardized template. Findings were synthesized by population and equation type and presented in tables, figures, and heat maps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included 152 studies assessing the validity of predictive equations and nine studies evaluating their use in guiding nutrition support. Most were prospective cohort studies involving critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. Over 65 predictive equations were identified; Harris-Benedict, Mifflin-St Jeor, and weight-based equations were most frequently evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is substantial evidence on the validity of predictive equations for estimating energy needs in critically ill, hospitalized adults, and limited evidence on their role in guiding nutrition support. Targeted systematic reviews and subpopulation analyses are needed. Existing reviews on burns, obesity, and weight-based equations can inform practice. Further research should address disease-specific accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"156330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative Effects of Time-Restricted Eating, Energy-Restricted Eating, and Unrestricted Eating on Eating Patterns and Dietary Intake: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Lisa J Harnack, Niki Oldenburg, Qi Wang, Erika Helgeson, Abdisa Taddese, Nicole LaPage, Alison Alvear, Alison Wong, Michelle Hanson, Julie D Anderson, Brad P Yentzer, Douglas G Mashek, Emily N C Manoogian, Satchidananda Panda, Lisa S Chow","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2026.156331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2026.156331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Time-restricted eating (TRE) may be as effective as an energy-restricted (ER) diet for weight loss. However, little is known about the effects of TRE on eating patterns and dietary intake.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aims of this study were to examine the relative effects of TRE, ER, and unrestricted eating (UE) diets on eating patterns and dietary intake.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This study is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial carried out between October 2020 and October 2023. Over this period, 88 participants were randomized to a TRE, ER, or UE diet group.</p><p><strong>Participants/setting: </strong>Adults with obesity in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota, metropolitan area who completed study baseline and follow-up measures of dietary intake (n = 73).</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The interventions were (1) TRE with an 8-hour self-chosen window with ad libitum diet; (2) ER diet with 15% reduction of energy intake; or (3) UE in which self-monitoring of food intake was encouraged with no specific change to eating recommended. The intervention period was 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Outcomes included meals eaten and intake of vegetables, fruit, dairy, protein foods, grains, energy, added sugars, saturated fat, sodium, dietary fiber, and potassium.</p><p><strong>Statistical analyses: </strong>Multivariate linear regression analyses were carried out to compare the change in food and nutrient intake between experimental groups. Logistic mixed-effects models were constructed to examine the change in meals eaten.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TRE group ate fewer daily meals at end-intervention (-1.1 meals/day; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.6, -0.7) compared with baseline, whereas the ER and UE groups did not experience a change in eating occasions. Those in the TRE group were less likely to report eating breakfast during end-intervention compared with baseline (odds ratio [OR], 0.13; 95% CI, 0.05, 0.33), whereas no statistically significant change in behavior was identified for the ER (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.41, 2.55) or UE (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.28, 1.68) groups. Between baseline and end-intervention those in the TRE group had a decrease in intake of energy (-469 kcal/day; 95% CI, -681, -257), saturated fat (-8.5 g/day; 95% CI, -12.9, -4.1), potassium (-496 mg/day; 95% CI, -729, -263), and total (-1.7 ounce equivalents/day; 95% CI, -2.9, -0.6) and refined grains (-1.6 ounce equivalents; 95% CI, -2.6, -0.6). These changes were more marked compared with changes in the UE group. There were no statistically significant differences found between those in the TRE and ER groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that TRE with an 8-hour window and ad libitum intake may have similar effects on food and nutrient intake as an energy-restricted diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"156331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13055503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of High Serum Ferritin Concentrations with Learning Disability and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Xueya Xiao, Buyun Liu, Yuhong Xiong, Zelong Wangchen, Wei Bao, Shuang Rong, Meiyuan Chen, Yang Du, Linda G Snetselaar, Guifeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2026.156328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2026.156328","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Associations of iron deficit with learning disability (LD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been fully investigated. However, the association of high body iron levels with LD and ADHD in children and adolescents has seldom been investigated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to examine the association of serum ferritin concentrations, a biomarker of body iron status, with LD and ADHD in a large population-based cross-sectional study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;This study utilized a cross-sectional study design.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants/setting: &lt;/strong&gt;This study used data from the 1999 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional survey in the United States. Participants with missing data on serum ferritin concentration, or LD and ADHD diagnosis, as well as those with anemia, were removed, and data of 4520 children and adolescents aged 4 to 15 years were included in the final analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcome measures: &lt;/strong&gt;Outcome variables were LD and ADHD diagnoses, which were reported by the children's parents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Statistical analyses performed: &lt;/strong&gt;The characteristics of the participants according to quartiles of serum ferritin concentrations were calculated. Analysis of variance and Rao-Scott χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; tests were used to compare differences in continuous variables and categorical variables, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI of LD and ADHD according to quartiles of serum ferritin concentration. Several covariates were adjusted for in the models, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, family poverty-to-income ratio, cotinine concentration (tobacco exposure marker), total energy intake, body mass index, and serum C-reactive protein concentration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Higher serum ferritin concentrations were associated with a higher odds of LD in US children and adolescents. The adjusted OR for LD across increasing quartiles of serum ferritin levels was 1.00 (reference), 1.61 (95% CI, 1.11 to 2.32), 1.47 (95% CI, 0.93 to 2.32), and 1.89 (95% CI, 1.13 to 3.13), respectively (P for trend &lt; .05). Each 10 ng/mL increase of serum ferritin level (to convert ng/mL to pmol/L, multiply by 2.247) was associated with a 13% higher odds of LD (adjusted OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.24). In addition, no significant association between serum ferritin levels and ADHD prevalence was found, and the adjusted ORs for ADHD across increasing quartiles of serum ferritin levels were 1.00 (reference), 1.16 (OR, 0.66 to 2.01), 1.04 (95% CI, 0.64 to 1.70), and 1.63 (OR, 0.95 to 2.82), respectively (P for trend was .08). Stratified analyses found that significant associations between serum ferritin level and LD prevalence were only found in boys with the highest quartile of serum ferritin (adjusted OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.05 to 4","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"156328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147455152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Revision to Practice: Key Changes in the Revised 2025 Scope and Standards of Practice for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in Nutrition in Integrative and Functional Medicine.","authors":"Kristi M Crowe-White, Monique Richard, Sudha Raj, Carol J Gilmore, Dana Buelsing Sowards","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2026.156301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2026.156301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"156301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition and Culinary Education in Food is Medicine Interventions. A Scoping Review.","authors":"Lizbeth Moreno, Ronit Ridberg, Sydney Yearley, Julia R Sharib, Narmeen Rehman, Francesca Piccolo, Fang Fang Zhang, Dariush Mozaffarian","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2026.156322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2026.156322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food is Medicine (FIM) interventions leverage food-based therapies to address diet-related conditions and disparities. Although nutrition and/or culinary education are recommended, the details and extent of these activities remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate five key educational characteristics within FIM interventions: components, delivery format, setting, frequency, and educators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using PRISMA guidelines, a scoping review was conducted of FIM interventions (medically tailored meals, groceries, or produce) that included an educational component. CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and SIREN were searched from January 2010 to May 2025. Two investigators independently assessed texts for inclusion and extracted data using standardized methods. Descriptive analysis and narrative synthesis identified patterns and strategies related to educational methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 5,703 articles reviewed, 100 met inclusion criteria, mostly from the U.S. (n=91) and focused on adults (n=84). 41.0% of studies provided one educational component, 49.0% provided 2-3, and 10.0% provided 4+. Among ten major educational components, printed materials (43.0%), cooking classes (35.0%), and individual counseling (32.0%) were most common. Most were delivered in person (55.3%), followed by virtual (23.9%). Educational settings included virtual platforms (24.0%), clinics/hospitals (22.4%), and community locations (10.4%). Frequency of activities varied from one-time to available on-demand; weekly (18.6%) and monthly (17.5%) were most common. Educators were most often RDNs (23.6%), followed by clinicians (11.3%) and community-health workers (7.7%); 42.6% were unspecified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These novel results provide a comprehensive characterization of educational components of FIM interventions. Findings highlight common patterns, structural gaps, and opportunities to strengthen the design, implementation, evaluation, and reporting of nutritional and culinary education within FIM.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":"156322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a Combination Amino Acid, Carbohydrate, and Micronutrient Beverage for Preoperative Nutrition Allows Safe Gastric Emptying for Anesthesia Provision in a Prospective, Single-Group Intervention","authors":"Jennifer A. Bowden PhD, RDN ,&nbsp;Sarah Heath ,&nbsp;Gregory L. Snow PhD ,&nbsp;Anton E. Bowden PhD ,&nbsp;John R. Edwards MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.156223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.156223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Appropriate preoperative nutrition is a critical element of positive surgical outcomes and enhanced recovery. Immediately preoperatively, gastric clearance of nutritional intake must be considered for safely providing anesthesia. Despite updates in preoperative fasting guidelines regarding clear liquids, practical implementation of multinutrient preoperative supplements has been hampered by aspiration concerns.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study aim was to provide an objective measurement of gastric clearance times using a multinutrient supplement to confirm an appropriate immediate preoperative window for nutrient provision beyond simple carbohydrates and noncaloric fluids.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This is a prospective, single-group intervention, gastric ultrasound study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants/setting</h3><div>Fifty-six individuals participated, with 52 adults from the community in the clinic procedure room and 4 patients undergoing spine surgery in the surgical center preoperative area.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>Following an overnight fast, participants consumed a 250 mL exemplar amino acid, micronutrient, and carbohydrate-containing supplement and were followed for gastric emptying time.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measure</h3><div>Ultrasound measurements were taken before and after consuming the multinutrient supplement to determine gastric emptying time both qualitatively and quantitatively.</div></div><div><h3>Statistical analysis</h3><div>Analysis included descriptive statistics, a 1-sample <em>t</em> test for gastric emptying, and ordinal and linear regression analysis for participant characteristic relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Key results</h3><div>Ultrasound cross-sectional area determined 57% of subjects were safe for surgery with residuals &lt;1.5 mL/kg by 30 minutes postconsumption, 93% by 60 minutes, and 96% by 75 minutes, including participants taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists or having surgery that day (<em>P</em> &lt; .0001 for mean time &lt;120 minutes).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>All participants consuming a 250 mL preoperative exemplar supplement containing 12 g amino acids, select micronutrients, and 45 g carbohydrates had gastric clearance within 2 hours, with a majority safe for surgery within 1 hour, demonstrating effective emptying of amino acids in addition to the standard carbohydrates typically utilized preoperatively and an opportunity to provide more effective preoperative nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"126 3","pages":"Article 156223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Sleep Timing and Regularity With Diabetes and Interactions With Diet Quality Among Adults","authors":"Tianzhu Qin BS ,&nbsp;Hongkun Di BS ,&nbsp;Sibo Liu BS ,&nbsp;Boyang Chen MS ,&nbsp;Qi Wu BS ,&nbsp;Wen Hu BS ,&nbsp;Xiang Cheng MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Liegang Liu MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Zhilei Shan MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.156228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.156228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Late sleep timing and sleep irregularity are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, and high diet quality is associated with a lower risk of diabetes. However, the associations of sleep timing and regularity with diabetes, as well as the potential interactions of diet quality with these associations, are unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aims of the study were to examine the associations of sleep timing and sleep regularity with diabetes and to examine whether sleep timing and sleep regularity interact with diet quality in relation to diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-March 2020.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>US adults 20 years or older who responded to questions regarding sleep health and completed at least 1 valid 24-hour diet recall were included in the analysis (n = 7270).</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Diabetes was defined as having received a diagnosis of diabetes from a physician or health care professional; glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5%; fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555); and taking insulin or oral medication for diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Statistical analyses</h3><div>Survey-multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations of sleep timing, sleep regularity, and their interactions with diet quality and diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1494 participants (15.3%) were identified as having diabetes. Late chronotype (odds ratio [OR] 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.87; Bonferroni corrected <em>P</em> = .02) and social jet lag of &gt;0.5 hours (OR 1.44; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.87; Bonferroni corrected <em>P</em> = .03) were associated with higher ORs of diabetes. Interactions were observed for diet quality with social jet lag (<em>P</em> for interaction = .02) on diabetes. Among participants with social jet lag of &gt;0.5 hour, medium (OR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.92) and high diet quality (OR 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.94) were associated with lower ORs of diabetes compared with low diet quality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Later chronotype and more severe social jet lag were associated with higher ORs of diabetes. Higher diet quality may attenuate the adverse association of social jet lag with diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"126 3","pages":"Article 156228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145480267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}