Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics最新文献

{"title":"A Natural Experiment to Evaluate Changes in Kids' Meal Beverages in Fast-food Restaurants Following a Healthy Default Policy, 2019-2022.","authors":"Angie L Cradock, Jessica L Barrett, Jason P Block, Amy A Bolton, Carolyn Bresnahan, Lisa Harnack, Stephanie McCulloch, Christina A Roberto, Kristine Wiant, Alyssa Moran","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Jurisdictions have implemented \"healthy beverage policies\" requiring restaurants to make lower-sugar beverages the default option listed on kids' menus to improve the nutrition of restaurant offerings for children.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare changes in beverage offerings in kids' meals written on menu boards within chain restaurants before and after policy implementation in intervention and comparison communities.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Quasi-experimental study with comparison using photo and audit observations at restaurants October 2019-June 2022.</p><p><strong>Participants/setting: </strong>Forty-three restaurants in 3 fast-food chains serving kids' meals with a beverage that did not make lower-sugar beverages the default option at baseline in two intervention communities (New York, NY, Philadelphia, PA) and one comparison community, (Newark, NJ).</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Policies that require only healthier beverages as default options are written on kids' meal menus.</p><p><strong>Primary outcome: </strong>Beverage options listed in the kids' meal on the menu board were allowable under healthy beverage policies.</p><p><strong>Analysis: </strong>Descriptive and repeated measures analysis for difference in primary outcome from baseline to follow-up overall and by policy status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At follow-up, 39 (91%) locations, including 8 (89%) locations in the comparison area with no healthy default policy, listed only beverages allowable as defaults under healthy beverage policies (p<0.001 vs. baseline, all locations). From baseline to follow-up, two chains changed the beverages listed with the kids' meal to align with the healthy default policies in all but one location, whereas one chain made no menu changes(p<0.001). No statistically significant differences in menu changes were observed between intervention and comparison areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After healthy beverage policies were enacted in two of three communities, most locations in two restaurant chains listed only allowable beverages regardless of location outside of cities where the policies were in place. Regional implementation in response to new local healthy default policies may result in broader accessibility of healthier children's beverage options.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilevel factors affecting food purchasing decisions among families with low incomes during the COVID-19 crisis: A qualitative study.","authors":"Maggie Beverly, Tyler Munn, Taylor Young, Amy Carroll-Scott, Eliza W Kinsey, Kelly A Courts, Matthew Jannetti, Stephanie Ettinger de Cuba, Félice Lê-Scherban","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 crisis caused large-scale changes to the US food landscape, including food availability and prices, shopping practices, and food assistance programs. Understanding how these changes converged to affect food choices among families is critical for program and policy design to support children's healthy development.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore food purchasing and feeding practices among low-income caregivers of young children during the COVID-19 crisis and economic recovery, including changes in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and neighborhood characteristics.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This qualitative research conducted focus groups via videoconference with caregivers of young children with low incomes. Focus groups were stratified by WIC participation and language (English/Spanish).</p><p><strong>Participants/setting: </strong>Eligible participants were adult primary caregivers of a child under 5 years who is a primary care patient at one of two participating pediatric healthcare systems, residents of Pennsylvania, fluent in English or Spanish, and were WIC eligible. Nine focus groups were held (7 English, 2 Spanish; n=51 participants) in April-July 2023.</p><p><strong>Analysis performed: </strong>Focus group transcripts were analyzed with a combination of a priori and inductive codes, guided by grounded theory, resulting in a consensus-created coding scheme applied by two coders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three major themes were developed: 1) COVID-19 crisis exacerbated existing food purchasing challenges and added new challenges 2) Neighborhoods, shaped by structural barriers, do not adequately meet families' food needs; 3) Administrative burdens continue to inhibit WIC use although pandemic-related changes to WIC were beneficial.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Complex interactions between the food system, federal assistance program participation, and individual needs add burden to families struggling to make food purchasing choices. Results support development of solutions to preserve families' agency to enact their beliefs and needs around healthy eating while accessing food assistance programs and managing the lasting economic impacts of the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary live microbe intake with mortality: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2018).","authors":"Qingzhen He, Mingshuo Li, Houze Diao, Qingzhao Zheng, Mingyuan Li, Qing Zhu, Weiwei Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between dietary intake of live microbes and mortality remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary live microbial intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults in the United States.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study of adults aged 20 years or older who participated in the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).</p><p><strong>Participants/setting: </strong>The study utilized data from adults aged≥20 years with complete dietary and mortality data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Deaths from any cause are defined as all-cause mortality. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) and the NCHS classifications of heart disease (054-064) and malignant neoplasms (019-043) were used to identify disease-specific causes of death.</p><p><strong>Statistical analyses performed: </strong>Cox proportional hazard regression was utilized to examine the associations between the consumption of dietary live microbe and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Restricted cubic spline regression modeling was used to assess potential linear associations between dietary live microorganism intake and mortality. In addition, stratified analyses and sensitivity analyses of the association of dietary live microorganism intake with all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were performed to validate the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 31,836 participants, of whom 4,160 died, including 1,109 cardiovascular deaths and 915 cancer deaths. The study found that consuming live microbes from the diet was linked to a lower rate of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality respectively (HR 0.80, 95%CI 0.72-0.89, P < 0.001; HR 0.79, 95%CI 0.65-0.95, P = 0.014). However, there was no significant association observed between microbial intake and cancer mortality (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.75-1.17, P = 0.545). Restricted cubic spline demonstrates a linear association between dietary live microorganism intake and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.001). Furthermore, sensitivity analyses indicated that a high intake of live dietary microorganisms was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found that consuming live microbes through diet was linked to a lower rate of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, but not cancer mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"April 2025 New in Review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"125 4","pages":"Pages 577, 578-582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's New Online","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2212-2672(25)00061-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2212-2672(25)00061-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"125 4","pages":"Page 449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"March 2025 People & Events","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"125 4","pages":"Page 573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sites in Review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"125 4","pages":"Page 575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Medical Nutrition Therapy Provided by Dietitians on Nutrition and Health Outcomes in Adults with Protein-Energy Malnutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Lisa Moloney, Violeta Chacón, Sri Lakshmi S Devarakonda, Terese Scollard, Samira Jones, Mary Rozga, Deepa Handu","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition is associated with increased morbidities and mortality.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) provided by a dietitian, compared to no MNT on nutrition status and health outcomes (mortality, length of stay (LOS), readmissions, quality of life (QoL), weight, physical function, and cost-effectiveness) in adults with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Food Science Sources and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for observational and controlled trials published in English in peer-reviewed journals from 2000-September 2024. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using Cochrane RoB tools for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies. Meta-analyses were conducted using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Certainty of evidence (COE) was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, and Evaluation (GRADE) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen articles representing 11 studies (9 RCTs, 1 non-randomized controlled trial, 1 retrospective cohort) with 86,740 participants were included. RoB for included studies were low (1 study), some concerns (7 studies), high (3 studies). MNT may decrease LOS, increase weight (inpatient), and improve QoL (inpatient) (Low COE). In adults with PEM the effect of MNT on nutrition status, calorie and protein intake, body mass index, handgrip strength, and cost-effectiveness is uncertain. The effect of MNT on mortality was uncertain in outpatient settings and conflicted in inpatient settings, with no effect in pooled RCTs (Low COE) and reduced mortality in an observational study (Moderate COE). Its effect on readmissions was also uncertain in an RCT but may reduce readmissions according to an observational study (Moderate COE).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MNT may improve some outcomes (LOS, hospital readmissions, weight, QoL) in inpatients with PEM, but evidence is uncertain for most outcomes (nutrition status, mortality, weight, handgrip strength, QoL) in outpatient settings and requires more research.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists within Food Is Medicine: Current and Future Opportunities.","authors":"Eliza Short, Lisa Akers, Emily A Callahan, Cara Cliburn Allen, Mayra Crespo-Bellido, Kirsten Deuman, Emily Dimond, Chelsea Hollowell, Miguel Ángel López, Elizabeth Anderson Steeves","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teams, partners, or champions? A mixed methods exploration of potential pathways of implementation success for wellness initiatives in schools using the Quality Implementation Framework.","authors":"Hannah G Lane, Hannah G Calvert, Michaela McQuilkin Lowe, Erin Hager, Lindsey Turner","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Local wellness policies (LWPs) promote healthy eating and physical activity practices in U.S. schools. Achieving and sustaining quality implementation of LWPs is challenging, particularly in urban and rural schools (which may lack implementation resources).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Describe implementation strategies and determinants for LWPs in \"Wellness in Rural Schools\" (WIRES), a national survey of U.S. elementary schools across 4 phases using the Quality Implementation Framework (QIF).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Convergent mixed method analysis.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>/Setting: 559 informants (e.g., principals, nurses, teachers) from U.S. urban and rural elementary schools completed surveys in February 2020; 50 informants (from 39 urban and rural schools) completed semi-structured interviews from April - June 2020.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Surveys described implementation strategies and climate. Semi-structured interviews explored implementation determinants across QIF phases.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis performed: </strong>For surveys, we conducted descriptive statistics and Poisson logistic regression (adjusted for district clustering, stratification, weighting). Interview data were analyzed deductively using 4 QIF phases: (1) preparing for implementation; (2) creating implementation structure; (3) maintaining structure throughout implementation; (4) assessing future needs. Data were integrated through narrative weaving.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For implementation strategies: 60% percent of survey respondents had \"a wellness champion\", 59% had a \"school-level policy representative\", and 37% had an \"implementation team.\" For QIF phase 1, schools with better wellness climates had higher odds of having an implementation team (OR=1.18; CI [1.09,1.29]; p<0.001). In Phase 2, we identified key attributes (e.g., intrinsic motivation) and recruitment strategies for wellness teams/champions, and described facilitators of (e.g., external partners) and threats to (e.g., staff resistance) quality implementation. In Phases 3-4, monitoring approaches differed by implementation strategy (e.g., 74% of policy representatives tracked goals compared to 43% of teams) and limited future action planning (e.g., 25% integrated wellness goals into school improvement plans).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings identify how LWP implementation strategies form and are sustained, and identify gap areas across implementation phases. Findings inform tailored support for urban and rural schools to initiate and carry out evidence-informed LWP implementation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}