IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1007/s13224-023-01786-4
Shatha Sami Hussein, Manal Madany A Qader, Wisam Akram
{"title":"Prediction of Placenta Previa from Serial Reading of Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Late in the First Half of Pregnancy.","authors":"Shatha Sami Hussein, Manal Madany A Qader, Wisam Akram","doi":"10.1007/s13224-023-01786-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-023-01786-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abnormally sited placenta is considered a major life-threatening condition for pregnant woman, and many debate about the way of early diagnosis and management to decrease the mortality and morbidity.</p><p><strong>Aim of study: </strong>To evaluate the role of beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (B-HCG) level in the first half of pregnancy as a marker for prediction of placenta previa.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This is a prospective study done in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital from first of January 2020 till first of January 2021.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 57 patients have been recruited. For all participated women in this study were sampled between 14 and 18 weeks of gestational age for serum human chorionic gonadotropins measured in international units. Patients who developed placenta previa were diagnosed on the basis of development of vaginal bleeding either late in the second trimester or early in the second trimester. After developing vaginal bleeding, all patients were sent for routine ultrasound scan to confirm the presence of placenta previa.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>After recruiting a total of 57 women among which 14 patients were found to have placenta previa, ANOVA test shows a statistically significant difference between women with normal placenta and women with placenta previa <i>P</i> value < 0.001. Receiver operator characteristics curve was constructed to evaluate the optimum cutoff value for serum HCG between normal women and women with placenta previa sampled at 14-18 weeks of gestation. The optimum cutoff value is mean serum HCG > 105,380 IU in 14 weeks of gestation, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 100% and 72.2%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>B-HCG level in first half of pregnancy can be used as a predictor marker for placenta previa.</p>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"50 1","pages":"27-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10902246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80308670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2024-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1048
Szabolcs Szentpéteri, B. C. Csáji
{"title":"Sample Complexity of the Sign-Perturbed Sums Identification Method: Scalar Case*","authors":"Szabolcs Szentpéteri, B. C. Csáji","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139592243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.09.157
Seongwoo Cho , Jongsu Park , Jumyung Um
{"title":"Development of Fine-Tuned Retrieval Augmented Language Model specialized to manual books on machine tools⁎","authors":"Seongwoo Cho , Jongsu Park , Jumyung Um","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.09.157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.09.157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to reduce potential human errors and loads that arise from the lack of novice human operators and different interfaces in advanced machine tool industries. A digital assistant using generative artificial intelligence is designed to answer questions about machine terminologies, and operation sequences happening in an alarm state. Combining Fine-Tuning, Retrieval Augmented Generation, and Prompt Engineering, it solves problems of common-purpose large language models. The proposed system is implemented on a local server and connected to a mobile device. It shows increasing quantitative accuracy from 51% to 79% and 84% in the fine-tuned and retriever model, and the qualitative score increases from 21 to 25 in the retriever model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"58 19","pages":"Pages 187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.149
Lina Pan , Pengfei Wang , Emilia Fridman
{"title":"Sampled-data finite-dimensional boundary control for 1-D Burgers’ equation","authors":"Lina Pan , Pengfei Wang , Emilia Fridman","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>In this paper, we are concerned with the regional exponential stabilization of a 1-D Burgers’ equation under Neumann actuation via modal decomposition method and dynamic extension. We consider a sampled-data finite-dimensional boundary control, which is implemented via a generalized hold device. We use Wirtinger-based piecewise continuous-time Lyapunov functional to compensate sampling of the finite-dimensional state, and provide the</span> <em>H</em><sup>1</sup><span>-stability analysis for the full-order closed-loop system. Given a decay rate, we provide the efficient linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions for finding the controller dimension and gain, as well as a bound on the domain of attraction. We prove that for some fixed upper bounds on the initial value and sampling intervals, the feasibility of LMIs for some N (dimension of the controller) implies their feasibility for N + 1. Numerical example illustrates the efficiency of the proposed method.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"58 17","pages":"Pages 172-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.077
Yaqub A. Prabowo , Peter N. Hansen , Dimitrios Papageorgiou , Roberto Galeazzi
{"title":"Good Seamanship Score Quantification in Complex and Congested Waterways⁎","authors":"Yaqub A. Prabowo , Peter N. Hansen , Dimitrios Papageorgiou , Roberto Galeazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel method to quantify seafarers’ good seamanship during navigation scenarios with multi-vessel encounters, in open and confined waters, and to compute COLREG's-compliant path deviations for avoiding collision and grounding. Accurate quantification of good seamanship necessitates comprehensive information about the vessels state and the surrounding environment, obtainable through the AIS system and electronic nautical charts. Our work advances the current state-of-the-art by: (1) incorporating a normalized grounding risk for navigating confined waters, (2) factoring in speed changes for a probabilistic assessment of collision risk, and (3) considering the minimum possible scenario risk based on vessel kinodynamic constraints. The proposed method is evaluated using historical AIS data and sea charts of Danish waters. The evaluation results demonstrate improved fairness scoring by acknowledging that navigators may lack risk-free options.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"58 20","pages":"Pages 341-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-level Optimal Control with Neural Surrogate Models","authors":"Dante Kalise , Estefania Loayza-Romero , Kirsten A. Morris , Zhengang Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimal actuator and control design is studied as a multi-level optimisation problem, where the actuator design is evaluated based on the performance of the associated optimal closed loop. The evaluation of the optimal closed loop for a given actuator realisation is a computationally demanding task, for which the use of a neural network surrogate is proposed. The use of neural network surrogates to replace the lower level of the optimisation hierarchy enables the use of fast gradient-based and gradient-free consensus-based optimisation methods to determine the optimal actuator design. The effectiveness of the proposed surrogate models and optimisation methods is assessed in a test related to optimal actuator location for heat control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"58 17","pages":"Pages 292-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.085
Habeebullah Abdulkadir , Ossama Abdelkhalik , Mohamed A. Shabara
{"title":"Nonlinear control design for a spherical Wave Energy Converter","authors":"Habeebullah Abdulkadir , Ossama Abdelkhalik , Mohamed A. Shabara","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper discusses the development of two nonlinear controls for a nonlinear spherical wave energy converter (WEC) to maximize the energy it harvests from the waves. The first control is a simple nonlinear damping control, which is designed based on the hydrodynamic damping coefficients. These control coefficients are then optimized using a Genetic Algorithm. The second is a nonlinear optimal control derived analytically using the Pontryagin minimum principle for comparison. The study found that the nonlinear optimal control improves the device's performance by effectively leveraging the hydrodynamic nonlinearity from the floater's shape. The nonlinear bang-singular-bang (BSB) control showed an average 20% performance improvement over the nonlinear damping control (NLDC).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"58 20","pages":"Pages 392-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.158
Shrinidhi Gomathi Sankar , Victor Daniel Reyes Dreke , Mircea Lazar
{"title":"Hierarchical Model Predictive Control for Modular Multilevel Converters: A Linear Parameter Varying Approach","authors":"Shrinidhi Gomathi Sankar , Victor Daniel Reyes Dreke , Mircea Lazar","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are novel voltage source converters (VSCs) with the capacity to achieve higher efficiency and lower total harmonics distortion, but more challenging to control. MMCs can be modelled using a hierarchical structure comprising a model predictive controller (MPC) that controls the current in the top layer and sends signals to capacitor voltage modules in the lower layer (which can run in open-loop or closed-loop with a simple local controller). Typically, the prediction model used in the MPC current controller does not take into account the capacitor voltage dynamics in the bottom layer, which reduces the efficiency of the hierarchical control scheme and MMC circuit. Therefore, in this paper, we develop an extended prediction model for current control that includes the capacitor voltage dynamics for the modules in the bottom layer. This results in a nonlinear MPC control problem of higher complexity but with improved performance. To reduce the complexity of the nonlinear MPC problem for MMCs, we make use of a linear parameter varying embedding of the nonlinear prediction model, which allows solving a sequence of quadratic programs online instead of a nonlinear program. The proposed control scheme shows better performance while decreasing the computation load. Furthermore, compared to classical hierarchical control schemes, the proposed scheme reduces the capacitor voltage ripple by 20%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"58 21","pages":"Pages 126-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.199
Erik I. Verriest , Gunther Dirr , W. Steven Gray
{"title":"Generalized Functions in the Study of Signals and Systems","authors":"Erik I. Verriest , Gunther Dirr , W. Steven Gray","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>We collect three instances where the theory of generalized functions may still make contributions to the study of signals and systems. In the first, a purely algebraic approach is presented for LTI-ODE's, in terms of two operators, D and T, respectively the differentiation operator and the multiplication-by-the-independent-variable operator. This formalism adds simplicity, a duality theory, and nicely generalizes to other classes of operator equations and their solutions. In the second part we extend the classical bilateral Laplace transform to include Bohl functions with support in</span> ℝ <span>by invoking Sato's hyperfunctions. Finally, in the third case we use the Colombeau algebra to allow for products of generalized functions. This is important in the study of (smooth) nonlinear systems driven by impulsive inputs, and hybrid system theory.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"58 17","pages":"Pages 380-385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}