IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.003
Rene E. Mai , Kara Daveron , Agung Julius , Sandipan Mishra
{"title":"Modeling human-autonomy team steering behavior in shared-autonomy driving scenarios","authors":"Rene E. Mai , Kara Daveron , Agung Julius , Sandipan Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Well-accepted models such as the two-point steering model and its variations describe human steering behavior in non-autonomous vehicles. However, these models may not describe human steering in a shared autonomous vehicle, where the human driver cooperates with an autonomous controller. This work explores how the generalized two-point steering model, a variation of the classical two-point model, may apply to human steering in a shared autonomous vehicle. This study reports two key findings: (1) We find that humans do not necessarily steer the vehicle to the exact lane center, perhaps due to imprecise distance perception or a preference to stay off-center in the lane. Thus, we propose adding a steering bias term to the generalized steering model to account for this behavior; (2) We also find that human steering adapts so that the overall team steering–the combined human and autonomous steering input–behaves according to the generalized steering model with this new bias term. We collected data over 150 runs across 5 drivers and 3 levels of autonomy, and found that the modified generalized steering model accurately predicts team steering behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 3","pages":"Pages 13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient and Risk-Aware Framework for Autonomous Navigation in Resource-Constrained Configurations","authors":"Mohamed Benrabah , Charifou Orou Mousse , Roland Chapuis , Romuald Aufrère","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Path planning is a key challenge for autonomous vehicles, requiring solutions that balance safety and efficiency. This article proposes an autonomous road navigation system that does not rely on precise GPS, HD maps, or high-speed communication, making it particularly suitable for sparsely urbanized rural areas. The proposed method uses a tentacle-based path planning algorithm to compute the fastest possible trajectory while ensuring safety. A real-time traversability map, built and continuously updated from LiDAR (or alternative sensor) data, allows the robot to dynamically assess the risk of collision. The algorithm accounts for sensor perception limits, ensuring that any new obstacle appearing beyond the sensor range will not cause a collision. Simulation results are presented to evaluate and demonstrate our approach’s ability to simultaneously optimize speed while ensuring safety garentees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 3","pages":"Pages 127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning Autonomy: Off-Road Navigation Enhanced by Human Input","authors":"Akhil Nagariya , Dimitar Filev , Srikanth Saripalli , Srikanth Saripalli , Gaurav Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the area of autonomous driving, navigating off-road terrains presents a unique set of challenges, from unpredictable surfaces like grass and dirt to unexpected obstacles such as bushes and puddles. In this work, we present a novel learning-based local planner that addresses these challenges by directly capturing human driving nuances from real-world demonstrations using only a monocular camera. The key features of our planner are its ability to navigate in challenging of-road environments with various terrain types and its fast learning capabilities. By utilizing minimal human demonstration data (5-10 mins), it quickly learns to navigate in a wide array of of-road conditions. The local planner significantly reduces the real world data required to learn human driving preferences. This allows the planner to apply learned behaviors to real-world scenarios without the need for manual fine-tuning, demonstrating quick adjustment and adaptability in off-road autonomous driving technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 3","pages":"Pages 139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.106
Lars Eriksson
{"title":"A compact algebraic model for electric machine losses⁎","authors":"Lars Eriksson","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simulations are used extensively while designing electric drive systems and developing energy-efficient control strategies for electric powertrains. The accuracy of the simulation results depend on the accuracy of the model and how well it describes losses in the system. A new model for electric machine losses is developed, where the idea is to divide it into a set of equations describing the elements that contribute to the machine losses. With a machine model expressed using a set of equations it is possible use the model for numerical optimal control that can utilize the equations to develop effective solution methods. This is especially interesting, when software tools can differentiate the model using algorithmic differentiation to compute and use gradients and Hessians while searching for the optimal control trajectories. The model for electric machine losses was developed using one machine as basis and then the model was evaluated on three other machines. The model is nonlinear in the parameters and an efficient numerical parameter tuning method is developed for the proposed model structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 5","pages":"Pages 205-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.110
Yuvraj Singh , Adithya Jayakumar , Giorgio Rizzoni
{"title":"Rearward Amplification Behavior in n-Trailer Kinematic Articulated Vehicles⁎","authors":"Yuvraj Singh , Adithya Jayakumar , Giorgio Rizzoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rearward amplification is an important consideration for articulated vehicle control. While extensively explored in the literature on active safety systems development, it is an under-explored area for the development of motion planning algorithms for tasks such as driver model design and automated driving system development. In this paper, the rearward yaw rate amplification response is investigated for kinematic models of multi-axle n-trailer vehicles, that is, vehicles in which a tractor vehicle pulls an arbitrary number of trailers. Partial experimental validation of kinematic models of multi-trailer articulated vehicles is conducted using real-world data, which is further used to investigate their rearward yaw rate amplification behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 5","pages":"Pages 229-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.075
Vasu Sharma , Alexander Winkler , Armin Norouzi , Hongsheng Guo , Jakob Andert , David Gordon
{"title":"Safe Reinforcement Learning-Based Control for Hydrogen Diesel Dual-Fuel Engines","authors":"Vasu Sharma , Alexander Winkler , Armin Norouzi , Hongsheng Guo , Jakob Andert , David Gordon","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urgent energy transition requirements towards a sustainable future span multiple industries and are a significant challenge facing humanity. Hydrogen promises a clean, carbon-free future, with the potential to integrate into existing transportation technologies. However, adding hydrogen to existing technologies such as diesel engines requires additional modeling effort. Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables interactive data-driven learning that eliminates the need for mathematical modeling for controller synthesis. The algorithms, however, may not be real-time capable and need large amounts of data to work in practice. This paper presents a novel approach which uses offline model learning with RL to demonstrate safe control of a 4.5 L Hydrogen Diesel Dual-Fuel (H2DF) engine. An offline H2DF model learning step facilitates the policy search in a simulated environment. The controllers are demonstrated to be constraint-compliant and can leverage a novel state-augmentation approach for sample-efficient learning. The offline policy is subsequently experimentally validated on the real engine where the control algorithm is executed on a Raspberry Pi controller and requires 6 times less computation time compared to online model predictive control optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 5","pages":"Pages 19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.082
K. Sakamoto , I. Mizumoto
{"title":"Efficiency and Performance Improvement of Energy Management for Series-type HEVs by Robust Output Predictive Control⁎","authors":"K. Sakamoto , I. Mizumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, as efforts towards carbon neutrality have accelerated, HEVs have attracted attention as an interim solution. HEVs can improve fuel economy by optimally splitting the power of the engine and motor through an energy management strategy (EMS). Robust predictive control, a predictive control method that is robust to uncertainty and small computational load, was proposed for EMS and its effectiveness was verified in a split HEV model. However, the model did not take into account the extra fuel consumption at engine start-up, thus not allowing an accurate evaluation of fuel consumption. In this report, a detailed model of a series-type HEV with GT-Power is used for numerical simulation to provide a more accurate fuel consumption evaluation and to verify that the proposed method is also effective for series-type HEVs. Furthermore, a new method focusing on SOC is proposed, which reduces engine ON/OFF switching and aims to further improve efficiency and practicality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 5","pages":"Pages 61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.072
Aharishkumar Muswathi Babulal , Jelle Heijne , Peter Wezenbeek , Maarten Vlaswinkel , Frank Willems
{"title":"Data-Driven Misfire Detection in Hydrogen Gen-sets using a Production Exhaust Pressure Sensor","authors":"Aharishkumar Muswathi Babulal , Jelle Heijne , Peter Wezenbeek , Maarten Vlaswinkel , Frank Willems","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing demand for climate-neutral powertrains, hydrogen combustion gen-sets are emerging as cleaner alternatives to diesel gen-sets. However, spark-ignited hydrogen engines are prone to misfires, impacting performance and engine lifespan. This study presents a novel approach for detecting misfires and identifying the misfiring cylinder using exhaust pressure signals from the production sensor, enabling a cost-effective, real-time diagnostic solution. Unlike complex feature extraction methods, the proposed approach is optimized for constant-speed gen-sets, ensuring computational efficiency and seamless integration within an Engine Management System. The technique utilizes exhaust pressure and crank angle signals to compute a tracking error feature—the squared deviation between the actual pressure signal and a reference signal. A common reference signal is modeled using normalized normal combustion exhaust pressure data from the training set and can be used for different loads. The method is validated at a 6° crank angle resolution in the hardware across multiple misfiring patterns, including single, continuous, and multiple cylinder misfire events, and the results demonstrated excellent performance under steady-state conditions. Finally, validation on the research engine demonstrated the method’s feasibility for real-time implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 5","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.119
Daniel Mayfrank , Na Young Ahn , Alexander Mitsos , Manuel Dahmen
{"title":"Task-optimal data-driven surrogate models for eNMPC via differentiable simulation and optimization","authors":"Daniel Mayfrank , Na Young Ahn , Alexander Mitsos , Manuel Dahmen","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a method for end-to-end learning of Koopman surrogate models for optimal performance in a specific control task. In contrast to previous contributions that employ standard reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, we use a training algorithm that exploits the potential differentiability of environments based on mechanistic simulation models to aid the policy optimization. We evaluate the performance of our method by comparing it to that of other training algorithms on an existing economic nonlinear model predictive control (eNMPC) case study of a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) model. Compared to the benchmark methods, our method produces similar economic performance while eliminating constraint violations. Thus, for this case study, our method outperforms the others and offers a promising path toward more performant controllers that employ dynamic surrogate models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 6","pages":"Pages 43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IFAC-PapersOnLinePub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.139
Marcus Johan Schytt , Halldór Gauti Pétursson , John Bagterp Jørgensen
{"title":"Hybrid Optimization Methods for Parameter Estimation of Reactive Transport Systems","authors":"Marcus Johan Schytt , Halldór Gauti Pétursson , John Bagterp Jørgensen","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a hybrid optimization methodology for parameter estimation of reactive transport systems. Using reduced-order advection-diffusion-reaction (ADR) models, the computational requirements of global optimization with dynamic PDE constraints are addressed by combining metaheuristics with gradient-based optimizers. A case study in preparative liquid chromatography shows that the method achieves superior computational efficiency compared to traditional multi-start methods, demonstrating the potential of hybrid strategies to advance parameter estimation in large-scale, dynamic chemical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 6","pages":"Pages 163-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}