Obesity Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the multifactorial correlation between obesity and rheumatoid arthritis: A study of immunological and biochemical markers","authors":"Ali Saad Kadhim ,&nbsp;Abdullah Salim Al-Karawi","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent inflammation that primarily affects the synovial joints, leading to various clinical manifestations.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated the impact of obesity in immunologically affected individuals on the triggering of autoimmune response in RA patients, as well as the associated increased risk of RA progression.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The comparative study that was carried out on a total of 300 participants were enrolled in this study, categorized into three distinct groups; 100 obese RA patients, 100 non-obese RA patients, and 100 healthy controls matched by age and sex. Serum and whole blood samples were collected for the analysis of oxidative stress markers, biochemical and serological parameters, immune cells, Autoantibodies, and interleukin levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A notable significantly increase in the serum level of obese patients compared to other groups was observed in the concentration of oxidative stress, particularly 8-oxodG, which reached 101.9 ± 12.0 Pg/ml and positively correlated with the elevated levels of risk-1 (8.9 ± 3.6). The results indicated a significant increase in the interleukins, particularly IL-17 and IL-6 (230 ± 3.0 pg/ml), (116.0 ± 10.8 pg/ml) respectively. This increase was accompanied by a significant rise in autoantibodies, especially ANA (77.7 ± 5.9 AU/ml) and anti-MCV (155.7 ± 10.3 AU/ml). Finally, a strong significant correlation was observed between the elevated levels of antibodies ANA and the concentrations of IL-17, IL-6, and IL-4, (+0.44, +0.59 m and 0.59) along with an increase in the concentration of lymphocytic immune cells (58.2 ± 2.6 m/mm3).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Obesity and increased oxidative stress contribute to the development of RA, amplify inflammation through mechanisms such as molecular mimicry and neoantigen formation. Finally, this underscores the significance of managing obesity to potentially lessen the progression of RA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Abnormalities and Their Association with Obesity and Hypertension Among Young Adults in Delhi-NCR, India","authors":"Oishi Choudhury ,&nbsp;Seyielenuo Suokhrie ,&nbsp;Kallur Nava Saraswathy,&nbsp;Vineet Chaudhary,&nbsp;Naorem Kiranmala Devi","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension are increasing among young adults, reflecting an epidemiological transition. Despite dyslipidemia's role in contributing to obesity and hypertension, it remains underexplored in young adults in India. This study assesses the prevalence, socio-demographic risk factors of dyslipidemia, and its association with obesity and hypertension in young adults in DelhiNCR, India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study among 3227 young adults (18–25 years) residing in Delhi-NCR. Sociodemographic data were collected using a pretested interview schedule. Obesity was assessed through BMI, waist and hip circumferences. Lipid abnormalities were categorized using NCEP ATP III guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dyslipidemia prevalence was 49.9%, with low HDL as the major contributor. Lipid abnormalities were higher in males compared to females, except for low HDL. Socio-demographic factors like higher education and parents' occupational status were associated with lipid abnormalities. Lipid abnormalities increased with age except for low HDL, which dropped post 21 years in males. Dyslipidemia was linked to higher risk of general and central obesity, with TG having the strongest association. All lipids, except HDL, were associated with hypertension. TG posed the strongest risk for both obesity and hypertension.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study recommends early dyslipidemia screening for timely interventions through lifestyle modificationswhich could help in mitigating the burden of dyslipidemia and associated comorbidities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin B12: A cornerstone of cognitive and metabolic well-being in young adults","authors":"Deepanshi Sharma ,&nbsp;Amandeep Singh ,&nbsp;Yash Prashar","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review investigates the relationship between vitamin B12 levels, biochemical markers, electrophysiological parameters, and cognitive functions, with particular attention to the impacts on obesity in young adults. Vitamin B12 plays a critical role in supporting metabolic and neurological health. This review emphasizes the potential risks associated with B12 deficiency, especially for individuals following restrictive diets such as vegetarianism or veganism. Comprehensive searches were conducted across databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, encompassing research published from January 2010 to February 2024. The selection process focused on original research, review articles, and clinical studies that examined the correlation between serum vitamin B12 levels, biochemical markers such as homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, and cognitive and metabolic outcomes. The review included approximately 80 high-quality studies. Key findings indicate that low vitamin B12 levels are common among obese individuals, contributing to metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance, increased inflammation, and lipid imbalances, which can further exacerbate obesity. The deficiency is also linked to compromised cognitive performance, including deficits in memory, executive function, and attention, due to impaired nerve conduction and altered neurotransmitter synthesis. This highlights the interconnected nature of B12 deficiency, obesity, and cognitive health, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. Ensuring adequate vitamin B12 intake is essential for maintaining metabolic balance and cognitive function, particularly in populations at risk of deficiency due to dietary restrictions or obesity. The review advocates for the development of tailored dietary guidelines and supplementation strategies to prevent deficiency and its associated health risks. Future research should focus on establishing causal relationships and evaluating effective intervention methods to support metabolic and cognitive health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term management of obesity in adult patients","authors":"Jingjie Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Hu ,&nbsp;Jun Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between glycemic state, R factor and Steatosis-Associated Fibrosis Estimator score in advanced liver fibrosis in patients with diabetes mellitus","authors":"Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian ,&nbsp;Seyed-Mohamad-Sadegh Mirahmadi ,&nbsp;Reza Azarbad","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>R factor and Steatosis-Associated Fibrosis Estimator (SAFE) score utilized to evaluate the connection between them and glycemic control and non-invasive tests in liver fibrosis among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database was used and participants with DM or those with glycohemoglobin levels of 6.5% or higher were included. The R factor, the SAFE score, FIB-4, FIB-8, Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic steatosis index (HSI), Glycemic Risk Assessment in Diabetes Equation (GRADE), McAuley's Index, and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) were calculated for each participant. The Pearson's correlation and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve were utilized.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 885 diabetic participants, the SAFE score had a moderate correlation with liver stiffness (r = 0.34, p &lt; 0.0001) and weak correlation with CAP (r = 0.11, p = 0.0011). The R factor demonstrated weaker correlations with liver fibrosis markers. The SAFE score strongly correlated with FIB-4 and FIB-8 (both r = 0.78, p &lt; 0.0001). Glycemic markers showed mixed correlations with SAFE score and R factor. The SAFE score demonstrated good accuracy (AUROC = 0.717, 95% confidence interval: 0.667–0.768) in detecting advanced liver fibrosis in diabetic subjects, outperforming other non-invasive tests.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The SAFE score and R factor correlate with liver fibrosis markers in diabetic patients, with the SAFE score showing slightly stronger associations. The complex relationships between glycemic state markers and liver fibrosis indices suggest that liver health in diabetic patients may not be directly proportional to current glycemic control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in the burden of non-obese type 2 diabetes using different anthropometric measurements","authors":"Junyu Sui ,&nbsp;Bei Wu ,&nbsp;Yaguang Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhiyue Mo ,&nbsp;Qianyu Dong ,&nbsp;Lan N. Ðoàn ,&nbsp;Stella S. Yi ,&nbsp;Xiang Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Compare racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of non-obese type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the proportion of non-obese individuals among T2D patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study used ICD-9/10 codes to ascertain T2D. Participants were classified as non-obese by BMI (&lt;25 kg/m² for normal weight; &lt;23 kg/m² for Asian Americans), waist circumference (&lt;102 cm for males, &lt;88 cm for females), and waist-to-hip ratio (&lt;0.9 for males, &lt;0.85 for females). The statistical analysis used marginal standardization of predicted probabilities from multivariable logistic regression to calculate the prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Key results</h3><div>Among 276,736 participants (mean age 51.7, 61.2% female), non-obese T2D prevalence varied: 6.85% (BMI), 4.17% (waist circumference), 3.63% (waist-to-hip ratio). Asian participants had the highest prevalence of normal-weight T2D (2.70% vs. 1.92% in White, OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.22–1.69) and non-obese T2D by waist circumference (8.04% vs. 3.36%, OR 2.61, 95% CI: 2.35–2.89). Black participants had the highest prevalence using waist-to-hip ratio (5.37% vs. 2.91%, OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.80–2.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Asian Americans showed higher non-obese T2D prevalence by BMI and waist circumference, while Black adults had higher prevalence by waist-to-hip ratio, suggesting different fat distribution patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on the chronic inflammation hypothesis: From the angle on exploring metabolic function of dietary interventions","authors":"Tianru Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of fennel essential oil and manganese in PCOS rat model via modulating miR-145 expression and structure-based virtual screening of IGF2R protein to address insulin resistance and obesity","authors":"Maryam Barancheshmeh ,&nbsp;Hossein Najafzadehvarzi ,&nbsp;Naser Shokrzadeh ,&nbsp;Cena Aram","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, characterized by ovarian cysts and often complicated by metabolic issues like insulin resistance and obesity, which exacerbate disease progression. Due to limitations in current treatments, this study introduces a novel dual approach by comparing Fennel Essential Oil (FEO) and manganese (Mn) as alternative treatments for miR-145 modulation and ovarian function in a PCOS rat model, highlighting miR-145 as a therapeutic target in PCOS-related metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions. Additionally, virtual screening was conducted to assess the inhibitory potential of three FDA-approved drugs and trans-anethole, a main component of fennel, on IGF2R which is a hub protein linking PCOS to insulin resistance and obesity. This study, addressing the gap between miR-145 and IGF2R as PCOS targets, offers new insights for managing PCOS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study involved 30 rats, divided into six groups (n = 5). Three control groups (sesame oil, FEO, and manganese for 14 days) and three experimental groups (PCOS-induced by estradiol valerate, FEO treatment, and manganese treatment for 14 days). miR-145 gene expression was evaluated using qRT-PCR, while ovarian changes were examined histologically. Virtual screening of FDA-approved compounds was carried out using molecular docking and ADMET profiling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that EV caused ovarian cysts and reduced miR-145 expression, while FEO increased cyst formation and decreased gene expression in normal rats. However, in PCOS rats, FEO significantly reduced ovarian cysts and increased miR-145 expression, though manganese was more effective than fennel. Virtual screening identified three FDA-approved compounds including Ergotamine (−9.2 kcal/mol), Lomitapide (−9.1 kcal/mol), and Maraviroc (−8.6 kcal/mol), as the best IGF2R inhibitors, outperforming fennel's trans-anethole. These findings suggest that targeting IGF2R could complement miR-145 modulation by addressing associated metabolic disorders and providing alternative treatments in PCOS patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This dual approach, combining experimental modulation of miR-145 and improving ovarian function through FEO and Mn with in silico targeting of IGF2R for the first time, offers a novel therapeutic angle by managing ovarian function as well as related metabolic disorders like obesity and insulin resistance in PCOS. Future research should explore the clinical potential of these compounds, focusing on the key therapeutic targets miR-145 and IGF2R in PCOS treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis, physiological mechanisms, risk factors, treatment and prevention of obesity: A brief commentary","authors":"Suene Franciele Nunes Chaves ,&nbsp;Daniele Pereira da Silva Araújo ,&nbsp;Larissa Quintão Guilherme ,&nbsp;Pablo Augusto García Agostinho","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory and multifactorial disease, characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat, which increases the risk of health complications, including cardiometabolic diseases. Despite the existing knowledge about its impacts, the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment remain under debate. Therefore, the aim of this scientific text is to address the diagnostic methods, pathophysiology of the disease, main risk factors, and treatment and intervention strategies for obesity. Among the risk factors, body mass is not the only relevant consideration; other variables (endogenous and exogenous) that can interfere should also be considered and deserve attention. The management of obesity must consider communication aspects (motivational intervention) and clinical aspects (family history and laboratory tests), promoting a patient-centered approach. Therapy should include lifestyle interventions, psychological support, and, in advanced cases, pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery. Treatment emphasizes physical activity recommendations, with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training being advised, adapted to patient preferences. Additionally, the incorporation of resistance training is essential to optimize fat mass loss and strengthen muscle structures, improving performance in aerobic activities. A comprehensive understanding and standardization of intervention strategies are crucial to tackling the global obesity epidemic and its public health consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hunting for heroes: Brain neurons mediating GLP-1R agonists in obesity treatment","authors":"Yuhan Cao,&nbsp;Qingchun Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have proven to be highly effective in reducing obesity across species and ages, gaining unmet popularity in clinical treatments against obesity. Although extensive research efforts have been made to explore how the brain regulates body weight homeostasis including the effect brought up by GLP-1 and its synthetic analogs GLP-1RAs, the identity of neurons and neural pathways that are responsible for the observed anti-obesity effect of GLP-1RAs remain largely elusive. Excitingly, three recent high-profile studies presented compelling evidence that each argues for the importance of GLP-1Rs in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, hindbrain, or lateral septum, respectively, in mediating the anti-obesity effect of GLP-1RAs. While these studies clearly illustrated the contributions of each of these distinct brain regions involved in GLP-1RAs in body weight regulation, the presented results also suggest the complexity of the involved brain neural network. This commentary briefly introduces these studies and highlights key knowledge gaps that require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}