Obesity Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of nutritional status, food consumption patterns, childhood trauma and stress among adolescent school girls","authors":"Yumna Mubashir ,&nbsp;Alina Azhar ,&nbsp;Madiha Iftikhar","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adolescence is an age of rapid growth and physical development which makes it the most important period of life. Adolescent females are at higher risk of malnutrition because of their reproductive biology, poor social standing and lack of education thus they are more inclined towards unhealthy eating habits being concerned about their physical appearance. The study aimed to assess the nutritional status, identify the dietary patterns, stress levels; presence of childhood trauma and their factors<strong>.</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted among 781 adolescent girls from public schools of Islamabad. The mean age of respondents was 16.53 (±1.11) years. 36% of the respondents were underweight, 5% were overweight while only 1.9% were obese. Three dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: refined carb and fast food diet, prudent diet, and seafood and dairy product diet. The presence of childhood trauma was alarmingly high among the adolescent girls (54.4%). 18.8% of the adolescents reported high levels of stress while 68% experienced moderate stress. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that nutritional status has an impact on stress, trauma and dietary patterns. The study concludes that under-nutrition is a health problem among adolescent girls of public school. Presence of trauma and stress demands preventive inductive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio: Exploring the associations for high blood pressure risk in school-age adolescents","authors":"Adeluci Moraes ,&nbsp;Aline Giselle Nagafuchi ,&nbsp;Raphael Testa ,&nbsp;Kamila Grandolfi ,&nbsp;Andreo Aguiar ,&nbsp;Juliano Casonatto","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood and adolescent obesity present a global health concern, notably due to its association with adverse outcomes such as high blood pressure (HBP). Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are promising indicators for assessing HBP risk in school-age adolescents. However, their association with Stavnsbo-recommended WC cutoff points and high BP prevalence necessitates further investigation, holding potential implications for early intervention and prevention strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Investigate the association between high blood pressure (HBP) and WC cutoff points advised by Stavnsbo, along with WHtR, in adolescents from privileged socioeconomic backgrounds in Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study in 2022 involved 216 students aged 9 to 16 from a private school in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Data, collected through an internal project monitoring anthropometric and social indicators, included validated blood pressure assessments. Statistical analyses, employing t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression, explored relationships between WC, WHtR, and blood pressure, adjusting for covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Female participants had a lower prevalence of obesity (2.9% vs 5.3%) but a higher prevalence of overweight (27.5% vs 17.5%) compared to males. The overall excess weight prevalence was 26.4%, with females showing lower absolute risk scores for WC (25.5% vs 34.2%), WHtR (19.6% vs 23.7%), and HBP (21.5% vs. 40.3%). Significant associations were observed between HBP and WC (X² = 9.759, <em>P</em> = 0.002) as well as WHtR (X² = 6.335, <em>P</em> = 0.012) among males, with those in the “Risk” category exhibiting higher HBP prevalence. Overall, both WC and WHtR demonstrated significant associations with HBP (X² = 12.428, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, and X² = 9.550, <em>P</em> = 0.002, respectively). Logistic regression indicated higher odds for HBP in males with risk values for WC (OR 3.876 [1.714–8.765 CI], <em>P</em> = 0.001) or WHtR (OR 3.684 [1.457–9.315 CI], <em>P</em> = 0.006). In the overall analysis, participants with risk values for WC had 3.2 (1.688–6.080 CI, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) times higher odds, and for WHtR, 3.4 (1.679–6.934 CI, <em>P</em> = 0.001) times higher odds of HBP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the associations between WC, WHtR, and HBP in adolescent schoolchildren. The results underscore the significance of gender-specific assessments and emphasize the potential of these anthropometric measures as valuable tools for identifying and managing HBP risk in adolescents. Further research and clinical applications are imperative to deepen understanding and address the health needs of this vulnerable population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of obesity and the origin of adipose tissue","authors":"Murat Karaoglan ,&nbsp;Mertcan Karaoglan","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a well-established definition of the disorder in which the net energy balance between energy intake and energy expenditure is disturbed, characterized by overeating and lack of physical activity. Obesity is also a disease of civilization, and as with many other diseases of civilization, the root cause is not convergent features arising from individual biological structure. The basic disorder is the maladaptation of the body adapted for the environment millions of years ago, to the rapidly changing conditions of today's civilization. Since the Industrial Revolution in 1850, mechanization, technological advances, digitization and groundbreaking innovations in information have created an unprecedented change in the lifestyle of the human species compared to previous ages. On the one hand, these developments have laid the foundation for a lack of physical activity that has made us independent of labor power. On the other hand, developments in food production, distribution and marketing networks have led to changes in eating habits and dietary patterns that have resulted in overeating. As a result, today's man has been born into an obesogenic niche characterized by a sedentary life characterized by less energy expenditure and more energy intake, and endless feasting. The global prevalence of obesity has increased in such a short time that it cannot be explained by genetic reasons. Biological/genetic features are only a small part of obesity pandemic. Therefore, ignoring the environment one is born into and the evolutionary relationships between the environment and the organism is not a rational approach to find the solution.</div><div>This review argues that obesity is a maladaptation resulting from the interaction of the psychological, behavioral, social, and economic components of obesity and the obesogenic environment with ancient evolutionary drivers determined by natural selection. It aims to draw attention to the evolutionary journey of adipose tissue and obesity, and to compile explanations for obesity based on evolutionary medicine, in order to be the basis for the clinical approach. It claims that this approach for the prevention and treatment of obesity will have effective clinical results and will provide broad social implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorghum bicolor polyphenol-rich extract improves insulin sensitivity and protect against chronic stress exacerbated diabetic nephropathy through modulation of Nrf2/NF-κB","authors":"Abayomi M. Ajayi ,&nbsp;Tolulope E. Akintelu ,&nbsp;Favour O. Igari ,&nbsp;Olajuwon Okubena ,&nbsp;Solomon Umukoro","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Sorghum bicolor</em> leaf sheath is known for its rich phytoconstituents 3-in deoxyanthocyanidins with protective and health benefits in targeting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate <em>Sorghum bicolor</em> polyphenol-rich extract (SBPE) and its combination with metformin on insulin resistance and diabetic nephropathy in high-fat/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats exposed to chronic stress.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects of SBPE was investigated in male Wistar rats fed with high-fat diet and injected streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Diabetic rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress and orally treated with SBPE (200 mg/kg), metformin (250 mg/kg) and SBPE + metformin for 28 days. Kidney function parameters, FBS, insulin, adiponectin, kidney injury marker (KIM-1), triglycerides were determined. Renal tissues inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10), oxidative stress, apoptotic (caspase-3,-9) and transcriptional factors (Nrf2 and NF-κB) were determined as well as histology.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SBPE significantly reduced FBS, triglycerides insulin and parameters for insulin resistance in diabetic rats exposed to stress. Dysregulated electrolytes, urea, creatinine, adiponectin and KIM-1 were significantly reversed in SBPE and SBPE + metformin groups. SBPE treatment significantly reduced MDA, nitrites, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels, while GSH, catalase, SOD, GST and IL-10 were increased in renal tissues. Increased apoptotic markers (caspase-3, caspase-9) and NF-κB, along with reduced Nrf2 levels, were significantly reversed by SBPE and SBPE + metformin. Distorted kidney histomorphoarchitecture was reversed in SBPE-treated groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>Sorghum bicolor</em> polyphenol-rich extract and its combination with metformin showed promising antidiabetic effects in stress-exacerbated diabetes in rats through improving insulin sensitivity and nephroprotective mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three scientists on GLP-1 based obesity drug development are sharing 2024 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Research Award","authors":"Tianru Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swimming exercise regulates indices of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism and attenuates cardiac inflammatory cytokines activity via IL-6/TNF-α pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","authors":"Idara Asuquo Okon ,&nbsp;David Chukwunyerem Nwachukwu ,&nbsp;Favor Akpakpan Udoeyop ,&nbsp;Bubaraye Robson Uko ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Bassey Umoren ,&nbsp;Tolunigba Abisola Kolawole ,&nbsp;Ngozi glory Amadi ,&nbsp;Deborah melford Owaji-Teleyem ,&nbsp;Daniel Udofia Owu","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes mellitus (DM) manifests with impaired glucose metabolism that affects the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. This study investigated the effects of swimming exercise on some indices of muscle glucose metabolism and cardiac inflammatory markers in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin. Wistar rats of both sexes (150–200 g) were assigned into five groups of seven (7) rats. Group 1: Control (CON), Group 2: Diabetes only (DM), Group 3: Exercise only (EX), Group 4: Diabetes + Exercise (DM + EX), Group 5: Diabetes + Insulin (DM + IN). Type 1 DM was induced via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Insulin (6 IU/g) was administered (IP) to animals in group 5. Swimming exercise test was done for 27 days after which animals were euthanized. Blood samples were collected while hamstring muscles and heart were harvested and homogenized to assess biochemical parameters. The body weight, serum insulin level, muscle glucose metabolic indices (glycogen, Glut-4, CK-MB), and cardiac troponin-T were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) decreased. In contrast, the random blood glucose, cardiac TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were increased (P &lt; 0.05) in diabetic rats when compared with the control group. Swimming exercise regimen significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reversed these anomalies by reducing blood glucose and cardiac inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) levels, improving serum insulin, muscle glycogen, and GLUT-4 expression in diabetic rats when compared to the DM group. The cardiac inflammatory cytokine levels in DM + EX were comparable to the DM + IN group. In conclusion, swimming exercise improves muscle glucose metabolism and protects the heart against cardiac inflammation in diabetic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sestrin2 at the crossroads of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: A comprehensive review","authors":"S. Rooban ,&nbsp;K.A. Arul Senghor ,&nbsp;V.M. Vinodhini ,&nbsp;J.S. Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular diseases and Diabetes Mellitus are major global burdens, ranked at the highest in mortality rates; hence, there is an immediate need for new therapeutic targets. This review focuses on Sestrins and, in particular, SESN2, since it has a dual role in modulating oxidative stress and regulating cardiovascular health. Sestrins are stress-responsive proteins of great importance in cellular defense from oxidative damage, which is a key contributor to cardiovascular pathologies such as heart failure, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. The last advances have shown that Sestrins participate in defense mechanisms against oxidative insults and mismanagement of metabolic and immune responses. These features place Sestrins among the valuable biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets in cardiovascular medicine. We synthesize current research relating molecular mechanisms to clinical application with a focus on the potential of Sestrins to shift treatment paradigms. In this article, we capture the translation of Sestrins for clinical use and their role in the management and disease prevention. We also outline the need for future research for the validation of this therapeutic efficacy of Sestrins across diverse populations and further characterization of their interactions within the complex network of cardiovascular pathology. Such research may, therefore, unlock novel treatment options and strategies toward managing and preventing CVD and DM in line with the urgent need for more effective intervention in the face of the rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Effect of low-calorie ketogenic vs low-carbohydrate diets on body composition and other biomarkers of overweight/obese women: An 8 weeks randomised controlled trial” [Obes. Med. 41C (2023) 100496]","authors":"Nour Amin Elsahoryi ,&nbsp;Refat A. Alkurd ,&nbsp;Hadil Subih ,&nbsp;Ruba Musharbash","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurologic complications after bariatric surgery: An integrative review of the literature with case report","authors":"Ingrid Brandão Cardoso Paz ,&nbsp;Wallyson Pablo de Oliveira Souza ,&nbsp;Carlos Antônio Soares de Sousa Filho ,&nbsp;Antonione Santos Bezerra Pinto ,&nbsp;Giuliano da Paz Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100553","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of black mulberry leaf extract on liver health and metabolic parameters in rats with high-fat diet-induced liver changes","authors":"Leyli Zahra Bahreini Boroujeni ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Haghighat_Lari ,&nbsp;Abolfazl Ghandi ,&nbsp;Seyed Mahmood Hashemian ,&nbsp;Rana Shafabakhsh ,&nbsp;Zarrin Banikazemi ,&nbsp;Mohsen Taghizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) lacks a definitive treatment. Previous research indicates that fruits and vegetables may alleviate inflammatory markers and improve NAFLD outcomes. This study investigates the effects of black mulberry leaf extract on NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet in rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Male rats were randomized into control and high-fat diet groups. After four months on a high-fat diet, rats received black mulberry leaf extract at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg for eight weeks. Evaluations included weight, blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The high-fat diet resulted in increased weight (P &lt; 0.0001), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (P &lt; 0.0001), triglycerides (P = 0.031), and total cholesterol (P &lt; 0.0001), along with elevated serum levels of AST (P &lt; 0.0001) and ALT (P = 0.009). Administration of black mulberry leaf extract significantly reduced weight (P = 0.008), FPG (P &lt; 0.0001), total cholesterol (P = 0.0001), and ALT (P = 0.0001) and AST (P = 0.0001) levels in a dose-dependent manner at doses of 600 mg, 300 mg, and 150 mg per day.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Black mulberry leaf extract exhibits therapeutic potential in managing NAFLD. Further studies are warranted to comprehensively assess its impacts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}