Relation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, glycemic parameters and lipid profile for the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events: A single-center, cross-sectional study in Palestine

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the relationship between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides, and their potential ability to predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in diabetic patients.

Methods

This study uses a cross-sectional analysis of 453 diabetic patients to investigate associations between MACE and sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. The study defined MACE as the presence of myocardial infarction (MI), coronary heart disease (CHD), or both. It likewise characterized dyslipidemia as high levels of cholesterol or triglycerides based on the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The data collected from medical records were analyzed using SPSS. Results from Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models indicated significant associations between ESR, HbA1c, triglycerides, HDL, and MACE in diabetic patients. Multicollinearity was assessed using the variance inflation factor method, with statistical significance determined by a p-value of less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval.

Results

The study found a positive correlation between MACE and several factors, including age, triglyceride levels, ESR, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and body mass index (BMI). In addition, the study found a negative correlation between MACE and HDL levels. The results of the univariate analysis revealed that an increased risk of MACE corresponded significantly with higher levels of HbA1c, ESR, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, fasting blood glucose, and BMI. Moreover, the multivariate analysis indicated that several factors—triglycerides, HbA1c, HDL, ESR, and age—were significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE. Thus, an increase in triglycerides, HbA1c age, and ESR corresponded to an increase in MACE likelihood, while an increase in HDL corresponded to a decrease in MACE likelihood.

Conclusions

This study's results show a correlation between levels of ESR, HbA1c, HDL, triglycerides, and the likelihood of MACE, suggesting that these biomarkers may serve as effective indicators and predictors for MACE among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).