Therapeutic efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract of Euphorbia prostrata Aiton in NAD-STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy: A multifaceted intervention targeting oxidative stress and inflammation

Abstract

Aim

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Euphorbia prostrata (EPHAE) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) induced by NAD-STZ in rats.

Methods

NAD (230 mg/kg) was administered 15 min prior to the administration of STZ (65 mg/kg) in rats for the induction of DN. Body weight, glucose, insulin levels as well as behavioural parameters like polydipsia and polyphagia was noted. Biochemical estimations of AGEs, gluconeogenic enzymes, SOD, GSH, Cat, and TBARS was done using appropriate assays as well as levels of HDL, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol, TGs, albumin, BUN, creatine, urea, uric acid and kidney index were done using autoanalyzer. ELISA was employed for the determination of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and NF-κB.

Results

The NAD-STZ induced DN was successfully established as characterized by increased levels of glucose, water and food intake, as well as reduced levels of insulin and body weight. These levels were normalized after administration of EPHAE (150 mg/kg) and glimepiride (10 mg/kg) for 60 days. The levels of AGEs, gluconeogenic enzymes, even oxidative stress parameters like SOD, GSH, Cat and TBARs were found to be normalized after EPHAE and glimepiride administration. Moreover, the levels of HDL were increased whereas the levels of LDL, VLDL, cholesterol, TGs, albumin, BUN, creatine, urea, uric acid and kidney index were found to be decreased after administration of EPHAE and glimepiride in dose-dependent manner. Additionally, ELISA results reveal the reduction in IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β and NF-κB levels after administration of EPHAE and glimepiride in dose dependent manner.

Conclusions

EPHAE demonstrates significant potential in the treatment of DN by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation.