Ethics, Medicine and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Mysterious illness outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A multidimensional public health emergency","authors":"M.M. Hassan , I.I. Okon , O.J. Okesanya , M.M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial reproductive technologies (ART), a reproductive physician’s standpoint","authors":"J-F. Guérin","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>History.- Inseminations with donor sperm have represented the first medically assisted reproduction (MAR) technique. In France, sperm banks gathered rapidly and constituted the “Federation of CECOS”. Three fundamental principles were defined relating to sperm donation: volunteering, gratuity, and anonymity. The rapid development of in vitro fertilization and embryo cryopreservation encouraged the French government to publish in 1994 the first bioethical law, that was supposed to be revised every 5 years.</div><div>New modalities of MAR introduced by the law of 2 August 2021.- MAR that were initially reserved to heterosexual couples, are now open to female couples and unmarried women, thus clarifying a situation that already existed in practice. Literature indicates that there are no major difficulties in children raised by female couples, however there are more concerns about single women. From a practical point of view, this extension of MAR leads to a significant influx of requests, with longer waiting times. Lifting the anonymity of gamete donation raises some problems as destruction of old sperm straws and possible solicitation of former donors who wanted to remain anonymous. Finally, from a medical standpoint, it must be stressed that self-preservation of oocytes will not constitute a guarantee for women to have a child later.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hMPV infection in Asia: a call to action in LMICs","authors":"Z.K. Othman,&nbsp;S.S. Musa,&nbsp;M.M. Ahmed,&nbsp;O.A. Saeed Alhammadi,&nbsp;O.J. Okesanya,&nbsp;A.M. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Don E. Lucero-Prisno III","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An examination of the dynamics of caregivers' race/ethnicity and trusted information sources and Covid-19 vaccine acceptance for children in Alabama","authors":"J. Rahim ,&nbsp;B. Sen ,&nbsp;P. Ghosh ,&nbsp;E. Lee ,&nbsp;A.E. Brisendine","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Covid-19 pandemic underscored the importance of vaccination for all ages, but vaccine hesitancy among parents/guardians is a barrier to pediatric vaccine uptake. Understanding factors influencing caregivers’ vaccine hesitancy, including trust in information sources, is crucial to improving pediatric vaccination uptake and helping promote health equity.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A survey was administered at Children’s of Alabama Hospital emergency department from December 2021 to May 2022, targeting caregivers of children aged 5–17 years. Caregivers were given a tablet to complete the online survey, which was built using the Qualtrics online platform.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Non-Hispanic Black caregivers were more likely to vaccinate their children with the Covid-19 vaccine compared to non-Hispanic White parents. Vaccine acceptance was also higher among caregivers with older children, 14–17 years, and vaccinated parents. White caregivers had statistically significantly lower levels of trust in state leaders, local leaders, and social media. Caregivers expressing some trust in authorities like federal leaders, state leaders, local leaders, and doctors were significantly more likely to vaccinate kids than parents lacking such trust.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite facing barriers like systemic racism, non-Hispanic Black caregivers of children expressed greater Covid-19 vaccine acceptance. Parental trust in physicians, community and government leaders, and public health officials significantly predicted vaccine acceptance, highlighting the critical role of trust-building with caregivers in addressing vaccine hesitancy not only for novel vaccines but also for routine and seasonal vaccinations in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The judgment formation of agitation: Anthropological insights from a clinical situation in a French Psychiatric Hospital","authors":"S. Lézé","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Coercion is no longer a valuable practice to convey good care in French psychiatry. However, the paradoxical consequence of this new consensus is to lock psychiatric practice into a double bind: psychiatric coercion is judged as an “abuse of power” and for its “permissiveness”.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To analyze this moral anomaly by describing the concrete practice of coercion and its justifications in psychiatry as a solution to the clinical problem of agitation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From a medical anthropology perspective on coercion practices in psychiatric hospitals, describe and compare what psychiatrists do and why.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A brief description of a case shows the concrete problem of psychomotor agitation, and its clinical judgment leads to a typology of customary ways of justifying coercion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The category of violence blurs the clinical meaning of psychomotor agitation as much as it does the practice of physical restraint in psychiatry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The conditional decriminalisation of euthanasia, a remarkable feature of Belgian law","authors":"G. Genicot","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Belgium is one of the first countries in the world to have legalised euthanasia. It is, more appropriately, a decriminalisation under conditions, which are both substantive and procedural, and which are briefly summarised here. The European Court of Human Rights has recently confirmed that nor the Belgian euthanasia law, nor the way in which it is implemented in practice, are contrary to the right of life and the right to respect for private and family life.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The way in which the law understands reality differs from that of other disciplines, including the humanities and social sciences. For this subject, reality is studied through the development of rules (issues, content, spirit), but also through their practical application, especially in the case of litigation, through the study of court decisions that may be handed down. This method is used here in relation to euthanasia.</div></div><div><h3>Results/discussion</h3><div>The availability of euthanasia goes beyond the (obvious) obligation to refrain from providing care or administering treatment that lacks any therapeutic benefit; it proceeds from a different logic, which fully integrates individual autonomy. By allowing persons who are suffering from unbearable (terminal) illness control over the way in which they will end their lives, rather than having to wait for death to seize them, Belgian law introduces a scheme where <em>the patient initiates the action</em> that will free him/her – an action that is consistent with the therapeutic role of doctors, when no other possibility remains – and which is to be distinguished from the situation where the patient <em>consents</em> to the care offered.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion/outlook</h3><div>End-of-life situations should be examined <em>primarily in terms of the patient's self-determination</em>, and not the physician's duties. This would meet a real social need – that debate, which is emerging everywhere, and should be promptly solved, cannot be steered in a direction opposite to that adopted about the general rights of patients, who are recognised as having control over their bodies and their destiny (<em>empowerment</em>). Since the quality of life is quintessentially subjective, it seems that there is hardly any other conceivable solution than to <em>open up to the will of the person</em> who is no longer able to cope with the situation in which they find themselves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical considerations in implementing virtual reality programs in long-term care settings: Case studies from in Canada and the Czech Republic","authors":"L. Hung ,&nbsp;V. Suchomelová ,&nbsp;K. Diallo ,&nbsp;J.O.Y. Wong ,&nbsp;L.H. Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Virtual Reality (VR) presents opportunities for improving the quality of life of older adults living in long-term care (LTC) homes. While current research primarily examines the feasibility of VR implementation, there remains a lack of studies addressing the ethical considerations pertinent to older adults residing in care settings.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Drawing upon case studies from LTC settings in Canada and the Czech Republic, this paper compares common challenges and unique ethical issues associated with VR implementation. We employ a human rights-based approach to discuss lessons learned in the two countries and implications for further research and development of VR interventions for LTC residents.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our reflection focuses on lessons learnt: 1) LTC residents have restricted access to benefits from VR in LTC, 2) risk aversion culture in LTC, 3) involvement of LTC residents in VR development and adoption, 4) cultural relevance, 5) ageism and exclusion, and 6) respecting the right to decline VR. The reflection underscores the importance of engaging relevant partners (residents, families, care partners, leadership teams, industrial partners, and researchers) to develop implementation plans and create collective ownership of the virtual reality program.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Continuous team reflections on the design process, technology uptake, and implementation are crucial in ensuring residents’ well-being, equity, and cultural sensitivity in adopting technology in LTC. Informed by the reflection, we developed six practical strategies focusing on Access, Balance, Connection, Diversity, Engagement and Freedom to say no, acronymized as ABCDEF. Future research should explore system support, policies, and guidelines to support the ethical use of virtual reality in LTC settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Christian ethos and ethics as presuppositions for organ transplantation","authors":"E. Artemi,&nbsp;S.N. Michaleas,&nbsp;I. Dimitriadis,&nbsp;I. Nikolakakis,&nbsp;M. Karamanou","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In this paper, we will analyze Christian ethos and ethics as presupposition to organ transplantation. Orthodox Christian ethical teaching consistently addresses life issues, including those related to medicine. These sources form the foundation for the Church's guidance on complex medical ethics, including organ transplantation. When it comes to organ transplants, the Church identifies two keys ethical considerations: the potential harm to the donor and the need of the recipient.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To present that the Church does not inherently oppose organ donation, recognizing its potential to save lives. Christianity emphasizes the importance of carefully weighing the ethical implications, ensuring that the dignity and life of both donor and recipient are respected.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bibliographical research in the Bible, Church Fathers’ writings, canon laws, and the sacramental life of the Church was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Church's stance on organ transplantation is one of cautious support, grounded in deep theological principles. While it encourages the act of organ donation as a manifestation of Christian love and solidarity, it also calls for a careful and spiritually mindful approach that respects both the sacredness of the body and the conscience of individual believers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somalia’s healthcare tax waiver: A strategic advancement toward strengthening a fragile health system","authors":"A. Sharif Ali ,&nbsp;M. Mustaf Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transhumanism: Towards a new Adam?","authors":"B. Couderc","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Transhumanism is a movement that seeks to enhance human abilities, aiming for physical and cognitive augmentation, and even potential immortality. This raises ethical concerns about human nature, dignity, and equality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Only three main approaches are explored in this review. First, biological enhancement involves stem cell therapies and genetic modifications, such as CRISPR-Cas9, to improve human capacities. Second, bionic augmentation includes advanced prosthetics, sensory implants, and neural interfaces to restore or enhance functions. Third, neural and digital integration focuses on brain-computer interfaces, such as Neuralink, and the theoretical concept of mind uploading.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Biological enhancement remains limited in clinical success and raises ethical concerns, particularly regarding genetic selection. Bionic augmentation allows individuals to regain or surpass natural abilities, challenging the boundary between humans and machines. Neural integration offers cognitive improvements but poses questions about free will and identity. Mind uploading, although speculative, fuels debates on consciousness and artificial life.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While transhumanism presents groundbreaking advancements, it also challenges fundamental ethical and societal values. The increasing integration of technology with the human body raises questions about inequality, identity, and the potential transformation of humanity as we know it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}