Ethics, Medicine and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Nursing on the Brink: Somalia’s Silent Health Crisis","authors":"Y.S.A. Hasan , S.A. Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Another one bites the dust: contribution of neurologists to STI prevention strategies","authors":"A. Demas","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the realm of sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention, the contribution of neurology and neuroscience emerges as pivotal. This abstract explores how insights from these fields inform and enhance the understanding of human cognitive-behavioral dynamics in STI risk-taking. Neurologists and neuroscientists offer valuable perspectives on the interplay between brain function, behavior, and societal influences, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms driving risky sexual behavior. By integrating cognitive-behavioral data provided by neurologists, future STI prevention strategies can be optimized, fostering a comprehensive approach to sexual health promotion and disease prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond truth and profit: The show must go on, still","authors":"J. Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The stem cell research manipulation scandal involving Dr. Woo Suk Hwang sparked widespread ethical and scientific debate. Previous work published in the <em>Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics</em> [1] explored suspicions surrounding the scandal. This discussion builds on that foundation in light of a recent publication, <em>Ethical Innovation for Global Health</em>, and aims to examine the broader implications of the case.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze the lessons learned from the Hwang case with an alternative perspective and propose solutions to prevent similar occurrences in the future.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This paper revisits the details of the Hwang scandal, focusing on ethical, financial, and political dimensions, and reviews subsequent developments, including a reevaluation of Hwang’s scientific contributions and their recognition through patents.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite the fabrications, key scientific achievements were later corroborated, with the <em>Science</em> journal’s chief editor asserting that the main discoveries remained valid. Hwang’s techniques were even patented by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. However, political forces shifted public focus away from core issues, finally undermining research integrity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Hwang scandal highlights the complex interplay of ethics, science, and politics in research misconduct. This paper argues for revisiting the role of social scientists in addressing and understanding scientific scandals to better uphold the integrity of research practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public perspectives on ethical issues in lung cancer screening policy design and implementation in Ontario, Canada","authors":"M. Pahwa ,&nbsp;J. Abelson ,&nbsp;L. Schwartz ,&nbsp;P.A. Demers ,&nbsp;K. Shen ,&nbsp;H. Shaikh ,&nbsp;M. Vanstone","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Public perspectives on ethical issues in cancer screening may contribute to informing policymaking. Lung cancer screening is being implemented with the aim of reducing lung cancer mortality. Inequitable lung carcinogen exposure and lung cancer disparities are key ethical challenges in screening. This research aimed to examine public perspectives about ethical issues in lung cancer screening.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative description study was conducted in Ontario, Canada, where a provincial lung cancer screening program is being implemented. Using maximum variation sampling, Ontario residents aged 55–85 years were recruited via family medicine clinics, social media, and personal networks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with individual participants to elicit their perspectives on established ethical issues in cancer screening, with questions focused on potential lung cancer screening benefits and harms, who should be eligible, and why.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Twenty-six individuals participated in this study. Participants were aged 61−70 years and of various education levels. Sixty-five percent were women. No participants currently smoked commercial tobacco. Participants believed screening was important for reducing lung cancer mortality and saving healthcare costs. Participants stated that screening should consider and prioritize a wider range of lung cancer risk factors, such as occupational exposures and family history of lung cancer, than factors currently being used to offer screening to those at high risk. Participants gave less priority to screening for people who currently smoke.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Public perspectives supported screening high-risk candidates; however, support may be undermined by smoking stigma. Screening policies should more effectively mitigate stigma and ethically justify screening candidacy decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143213599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A welfare-based approach to accessing mental health services","authors":"S. Ahir-Knight","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mental health resource allocation is complex, as it involves a diverse range of people and circumstances. Determining eligibility for access to mental health services requires navigating a complex interplay of considerations.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This theoretical paper introduces a welfare-based approach for determining access to mental health services. This approach emphasises both individual and collective welfare, blending subjective welfare, such as psychological states and personal desires, with objective welfare, like social functioning and quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Contribution</h3><div>This theoretical approach lays the groundwork for future empirical and theoretical research alongside direct health policy recommendations in different contexts. Ultimately, this welfare-based approach aims to create a more inclusive, effective, and humane mental health system, addressing a wider range of needs and creating a more flourishing society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics in medicine: protecting patient privacy from commercial exploitation in Somalia","authors":"A.S. Ali ,&nbsp;O.J. Okesanya ,&nbsp;M.M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;B. Garba ,&nbsp;N.I. Dirie","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pandemic, religion, and vaccination resistance: a multidimensional analysis of religious communities in Italy","authors":"R. Leone ,&nbsp;M.R. Gualano ,&nbsp;W. Ricciardi","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101132","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Covid-19 pandemic highlighted the intricate relationship between vaccine hesitancy among religious communities and public health efforts, particularly in Italy. Religious groups such as Orthodox Christians, Protestants, Muslims, and Catholics exhibited varying degrees of resistance to vaccination, shaped by theological interpretations, historical mistrust of institutions, and disruptions to communal practices. This study explores these dynamics through legal, sociological, and anthropological lenses to understand the implications for public health and governance during health crises.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The primary aim of this research is to analyze how religious beliefs and practices influenced vaccine hesitancy during the pandemic and to assess the broader impact on public health outcomes. It also seeks to identify strategies for mitigating conflicts between religious freedoms and public health imperatives in future crises.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study employed qualitative methods, including case studies of religious communities in Italy. The data were extrapolated from semi-structured interviews with religious representatives of the main faiths present in Italy, in particular official and conservative Catholicism, the Orthodox Patriarchate of Western Europe, belonging to the Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Patriarchate of Moscow, Protestants (Methodist), and the Muslim community, through the following questions:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;How was the Covid-19 pandemic received by your religious denomination? What explanation was given?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Were there any divisions within the believing community regarding the reasons attributed to the origin of the pandemic?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;How was the vaccine received? Were there divisions, hostility, or resistance?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;How can faith in God and scientific research be reconciled?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;If there were disagreements, what was the underlying reason for opposition to vaccination?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;What was done to address this division?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The responses were reviewed to remove any references to individuals or places that could allow identification. Observational data were collected on vaccination campaigns and grassroots initiatives aimed at increasing vaccine uptake within hesitant communities. Analytical methods included thematic coding of interview transcripts and comparative analysis across religious traditions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Vaccine hesitancy among religious communities had significant repercussions for public health in Italy. Orthodox groups opposing mRNA vaccines on theological grounds contributed to localized outbreaks, while marginalized Muslim communities exhibited low vaccination rates ","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid publication during crises: Analyzing retractions during the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"E.A. Toraih ,&nbsp;M. ElWazir ,&nbsp;R.M. Elshazli ,&nbsp;M.H. Hussein ,&nbsp;M.S. Fawzy ,&nbsp;S.M. Elroukh","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Covid-19 pandemic triggered a surge in scientific publications, accompanied by an increase in retractions and related corrective actions. This study systematically reviews retracted, withdrawn, or corrected Covid-19-related articles from the first wave and explores their causes and impacts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Retraction Watch, and MedRxiv/BioRxiv for Covid-19-related articles retracted, withdrawn, or marked with an expression of concern between December 2019 and June 2020. Article characteristics, retraction authorities, and reasons were extracted and categorized using a structured framework based on prior literature and investigator consensus.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria: 23 were fully retracted (or removed if preprints), three were temporarily retracted, and two bore expressions of concern. The United States and China were the most common countries of first author affiliation, and 32% of the articles were preprints. The mean duration online before corrective action was 20 days. Collectively, these articles accrued over 1,900 citations and were referenced in major policy documents, including those from the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control, even after retraction. The most frequent reasons for retraction or correction included questionable methodology, data integrity concerns, and misleading interpretation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Rapid publishing during health crises poses significant challenges, including risks associated with preprints, delayed corrective actions, and continued citation of retracted work. Rigorous peer review, transparent reporting, and adherence to ethical standards are essential to maintain scientific integrity during emergencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Misled, misinformed, under-informed”: Socio-ecological determinants for rebuilding trust in clinical research","authors":"L. Reber ,&nbsp;Z. Griggs ,&nbsp;M.J. Patel ,&nbsp;E. Ruiz ,&nbsp;S. Tamirisa ,&nbsp;E. Huan ,&nbsp;S. Pennington ,&nbsp;H. Kitzman","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To analyze mistrust in clinical research among racially and ethnically marginalized communities using Bronfenbrenner’s socioecological systems framework. The interconnected stratification of these systems serves as a magnifying lens to closely understand the mechanistic complexities that contribute to mistrust.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From November 2023 through May 2024, we conducted nine focus groups with community members (n = 51) and stakeholders (n = 50) in Dallas, Texas. Focus group narratives were analyzed deductively using Bronfenbrenner’s four levels of the socioecological systems and thematically analyzed within the scope of mistrust.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified twelve themes organized under the four socioecological systems. At the macrosystems level: (1) generational trauma and systemic mistrust, (2) the legacy of unethical research practices, (3) systemic racism and discrimination, and (4) institutional betrayal and sense of exploitation; at the exosystem level: (5) systemic barriers to access and (6) inequitable research practice; at the mesosystem level: (7) the legacy of systemic and cultural injustice, (8) decision making in the context of social inequality and (9) building and maintaining trust; and at the microsystem level:(10) building rapport, (11) honesty and transparency, and (12) negative past experiences and fear of harm.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Earning the confidence and trust of participants requires legitimizing a community’s narrative by explicitly acknowledging awareness of historical injustices and ongoing systemic inequities, maintaining integrity and ethical behavior, and building rapport.</div></div><div><h3>Public health implications</h3><div>Addressing mistrust to increase clinical trial participation, especially among those from historically underserved communities, is necessary to reduce disparities and ensure equitable healthcare for all populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The strange obsession with immortality among communist leaders","authors":"P. Charlier","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}