Ethics, Medicine and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Shifting landscapes: Post-COVID-19 infectious disease focus in Vietnam","authors":"N.X. Ha , A.M. Nguyen , R. Elsheikh , A.M. Makram , N.T. Huy","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging infectious threats: first identification of reovirus cases in Bangladesh","authors":"S. Jamil , S. Biswas , N. Ali , F. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioethical challenges and artificial intelligence, focus Quebec/France","authors":"O. Gout ,&nbsp;M. Lacroix","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The authors discuss the potential benefits of AI for the healthcare system. To do this, they consider the importance of ensuring the confidentiality of medical data, maintaining a patient-doctor relationship imbued with humanity, as well as liability remedies specific to stemming the potential abuses of AI.</div></div><div><h3>Context</h3><div>In the healthcare sector, both in France and in Canada, AI is expected to be a tool for transforming and democratising healthcare by improving its quality, safety and effectiveness. We therefore need to analyse the legal framework in place to ensure that these objectives are met.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The question is addressed on the basis of a study of the rules through the diversity of their conception, their implementation by the courts (case law) and their analysis by the authors making up the doctrine.</div></div><div><h3>Results/discussion</h3><div>The authors discuss the potential benefits of AI for the healthcare system. To do this, they consider the importance of ensuring the confidentiality of medical data, maintaining a patient-doctor relationship imbued with humanity, as well as liability remedies specific to stemming the potential abuses of AI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion/outlook</h3><div>While the regulations applicable to AI are considered to be relevant and appropriate for taking account of the various issues, particularly in terms of privacy and liability, it will be necessary to remain attentive to their implementation in order to ensure that the objectives are effectively achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143213226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of United States’ withdrawal from the WHO on global health equity and pandemic preparedness","authors":"Y.B. Abdullahi ,&nbsp;M.M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143213227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The minor’s healthcare","authors":"L. Sauvé","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article explores the regulation of children’s healthcare under French law, taking into consideration the role of parents, the welfare of the child, and the child’s autonomy. Parents primarily make healthcare decisions on behalf of their child’s, acting as representatives of the child’s best interests within the framework of parental authority. The level of consent required depends on the seriousness of the medical decision at hand; for everyday medical matters, one parent’s consent may suffice, while decisions involving the child’s physical well-being may necessitate consent from both parents. Despite the central role of parents, French law underscores that all parental decisions must prioritise the child’s welfare. Consequently, parents cannot make arbitrary decisions, and certain actions are mandatory, even if parents are unwilling to carry them out. Furthermore, in the past four decades, there has been a growing emphasis on children’s rights, prompting the French legislator to increasingly acknowledge children’s voices, especially in healthcare-related matters. Today, the legislator grants various rights to the child, such as the right to veto, the right to consent to decisions alongside their parents, and sometimes the right to act independently without consulting their parents. In sum, French legislation has aimed to strike a balance between recognising the child’s autonomy and the imperative of protecting them from their own decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"At the crossroads of neuroscience, anthropology, and ethics: The case study of conjoined twins Lori and George Schappell","authors":"C. Germé","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article studies the unique case of conjoined twins Lori et Georges Schappell, who lives extraordinary lives while defying social and medical norms. By combining neurobiological, anthropological, and ethical perspectives, these research helps our reflection and understanding of identity construction, brain plasticity and socials consequences of rare medical conditions.</div><div>I tried to explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying gender identity construction in the context of craniopagus twins. Analyze the influence of the socio-cultural environment on the search for gender identity associated with an exceptional physical condition. Raise ethical questions related to research on individuals with rare conditions, such as informed consent and privacy protection.</div><div>More generally, this work is part of a research stream with aims to better understanding of complex interactions between biology and social in the construction of the self.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of chewing tobacco in the population of Oriental, Morocco: A comprehensive study of determinants and associated risks","authors":"C. Belkhiri ,&nbsp;C. Himri ,&nbsp;S.-E. Azizi ,&nbsp;M. Dalli ,&nbsp;I. Rahhou ,&nbsp;C. Belbachir ,&nbsp;B. Legssyer","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chewing tobacco, an emerging form of smoking attracting attention because of its health damage. The current study aims to investigate chewing tobacco withing the population of Oujda, Morocco by elucidating specific parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This descriptive cross-sectional study, which included volunteers (n = 838) from different age groups and from both sexes living in Oujda city the capital of eastern Morocco.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The collected results indicated that the prevalence of chewing tobacco was found to be 35.3%, with a sex repartition of 97.45% for men and 3.11% for women. The average initiation age was found between 16 and 20 years, covering 56.4% of the sample. The multivariate analysis carried out as part of this study revealed significant associations between numerous key variables including sex, profession, age and the age of chewing initiation in relation to chewing tobacco consumption. Also, a statistically significant associations was determined between these variables and the adoption of tobacco chewing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To diminish the prevalence of this growing habit among our population, it is crucial to enhance understanding of the risks linked to this practice and integrate awareness programs into educational curricula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health equity checklist for research","authors":"Nipher Malika ,&nbsp;Stacie Salsbury ,&nbsp;Ian Coulter ,&nbsp;Kieran Cooley ,&nbsp;Margaret Chesney ,&nbsp;Marcia Prenguber ,&nbsp;Kim Tippens ,&nbsp;Michele Maiers","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Health equity is the principle of ensuring that all individuals have optimal opportunities to attain the best health possible, addressing disparities in access, outcomes, costs, quality, and appropriateness of care. This focus on health equity is important in healthcare research, driven by the need to investigate systemic injustices and foster fair health outcomes for all, regardless of background or circumstances. Researchers have an ethical imperative to focus on issues relevant to populations bearing the highest burdens of illness and inequities. To address the gap in structured guidance for incorporating health equity principles in health-related research, this study aims to introduce a comprehensive health equity checklist developed by the RAND Research Across Complementary and Integrative Health Institutions (REACH) Center. The checklist is designed to ensure that every stage of the research process integrates health equity considerations. RAND, in collaboration with complementary and integrative health academic institutions across the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico, developed a health equity checklist. They combed through literature to assess existing guidance and developed the checklist based on gaps in literature and the specific needs identified through consultations with community partners and stakeholders. This checklist emphasizes creating a health equity research culture, involving community partners, designing inclusive research/interventions, securing equitable funding, and engaging diverse participants. It also advocates for equitable intervention delivery, data collection, analysis, and effective dissemination and sustainability of research findings. The health equity checklist provides a practical guide for researchers, community partners, and participants to reflect on inclusivity, cultural relevance, and social justice in health research. By implementing this checklist, researchers can ensure that their studies are both inclusive and impactful in advancing health equity across all areas of health-related research. Achieving health equity in research requires a comprehensive approach and significant investment in building sustainable partnerships. The RAND REACH Center's recommendations provide a guide to ensure research advances scientific understanding while actively contributing to health equity. This paradigm shift necessitates support from funding agencies and a long-term commitment to creating equitable health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertain future: How the USAID freeze endangers global health","authors":"S.G. Bashir,&nbsp;Y.H. Abdi,&nbsp;Y.B. Abdullahi,&nbsp;M.S. Abdi","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprecariousness and vulnerability: An ethical approach to the issues of access to public health","authors":"S. Jimeno Ramírez","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>During the Covid-19 pandemics, the access to patented products (vaccines) become a problem of public health due to their high prices, especially in the least developed countries. Buth the concept of access is also related to other health care-related issues.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This paper seeks to analyse these problems of access in public health by using the notion of bioprecariousness, that we generally define as the structural violence against life due to the lack of access to essential resources for life.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>We shall analyse bioprecariousness by means of literature concerned to the concept of vulnerability, health disparities and IP legislation and shall assess the negative impact of bioprecariousness on global health equity.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We shall present a taxonomy of bioprecariousness considering three different dimensions of health care in form of pharmacological, digital, and care-related bioprecariousness. From that point, we will explore the effects of each kind of bioprecariousness on public health, given that it increases vulnerability and health inequities simultaneously.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Bioprecariousness is a concept closely related to vulnerability, which results in important health disparities and unjust distribution of health-related resources, thereby increasing health inequities. We propose to address the issues related to bioprecariousness by applying adequate government policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}