Current Stem Cell Reports最新文献

{"title":"Understanding Normal and Pathological Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Using Mathematical Modelling","authors":"M. Brunetti, M. Mackey, M. Craig","doi":"10.1007/s40778-021-00191-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-021-00191-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40778-021-00191-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52903055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Regulation of Stem Cells in Aging.","authors":"Andrea Keller, Tyus Temple, Behnam Sayanjali, Maria M Mihaylova","doi":"10.1007/s40778-021-00186-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40778-021-00186-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>From invertebrates to vertebrates, the ability to sense nutrient availability is critical for survival. Complex organisms have evolved numerous signaling pathways to sense nutrients and dietary fluctuations, which influence many cellular processes. Although both overabundance and extreme depletion of nutrients can lead to deleterious effects, dietary restriction without malnutrition can increase lifespan and promote overall health in many model organisms. In this review, we focus on age-dependent changes in stem cell metabolism and dietary interventions used to modulate stem cell function in aging.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Over the last half-century, seminal studies have illustrated that dietary restriction confers beneficial effects on longevity in many model organisms. Many researchers have now turned to dissecting the molecular mechanisms by which these diets affect aging at the cellular level. One subpopulation of cells of particular interest are adult stem cells, the most regenerative cells of the body. It is generally accepted that the regenerative capacity of stem cells declines with age, and while the metabolic requirements of each vary across tissues, the ability of dietary interventions to influence stem cell function is striking.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In this review, we will focus primarily on how metabolism plays a role in adult stem cell homeostasis with respect to aging, with particular emphasis on intestinal stem cells while also touching on hematopoietic, skeletal muscle, and neural stem cells. We will also discuss key metabolic signaling pathways influenced by both dietary restriction and the aging process, and will examine their role in improving tissue homeostasis and lifespan. Understanding the mechanisms behind the metabolic needs of stem cells will help bridge the divide between a basic science interpretation of stem cell function and a whole-organism view of nutrition, thereby providing insight into potential dietary or therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8893351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49633720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulation Strategies for Pancreatic Islet Transplantation without Immune Suppression","authors":"S. Sittadjody, E. Opara","doi":"10.1007/s40778-021-00190-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-021-00190-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40778-021-00190-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45828743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amnion Epithelial Cells — a Therapeutic Source","authors":"R. Schwab, Mihiri Goonetilleke, Dandan Zhu, G. Kusuma, E. Wallace, W. Sievert, R. Lim","doi":"10.1007/s40778-021-00187-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-021-00187-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40778-021-00187-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45151203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondria Transfer in Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Activity.","authors":"Abhishek K Singh,&nbsp;Jose A Cancelas","doi":"10.1007/s40778-020-00185-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-020-00185-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The well-established crosstalk between hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is critical for the homeostasis and hematopoietic regeneration in response to blood formation emergencies. Past decade has witnessed that the intercellular communication mediated by the transfer of cytoplasmic material and organelles between cells can regenerate and/or repair the damaged cells. Mitochondria have recently emerged as a potential regulator of HSC fate. This review intends to discuss recent advances in the understanding of the mitochondrial dynamics, specifically focused on the role of mitochondrial transfer, in the maintenance of HSC activity with clear implications in stem cell transplantation and regenerative medicine.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>HSC are highly heterogeneous in their mitochondrial metabolism, and the quiescence and potency of HSC depend on the status of mitochondrial dynamics and the clearance of damaged mitochondria. Recent evidence has shown that in stress response, BM stromal cells transfer healthy mitochondria to HSC, facilitate HSC bioenergetics shift towards oxidative phosphorylation, and subsequently stimulate leukocyte expansion. Furthermore, metabolic rewiring following mitochondria transfer from HSPC to BM stromal cells likely to repair the damaged BM niche and accelerate limiting HSC transplantation post myeloablative conditioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40778-020-00185-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10859844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Regulation of Stem Cell Fate","authors":"Linlin Jin, Ping Wang, Fang Ni","doi":"10.1007/s40778-020-00183-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-020-00183-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40778-020-00183-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of mechanical and ECM microenvironment signals in the determination of cancer stem cell states.","authors":"Tiina A Jokela,&nbsp;Mark A LaBarge","doi":"10.1007/s40778-020-00182-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-020-00182-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are increasingly understood to play a central role in tumor progression. Growing evidence implicates tumor microenvironments as a source of signals that regulate or even impose CSC states on tumor cells. This review explores points of integration for microenvironment-derived signals that are thought to regulate CSCs in carcinomas.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>CSC states are directly regulated by the mechanical properties and extra cellular matrix (ECM) composition of tumor microenvironments that promote CSC growth and survival, which may explain some modes of therapeutic resistance. CSCs sense mechanical forces and ECM composition through integrins and other cell surface receptors, which then activate a number of intracellular signaling pathways. The relevant signaling events are dynamic and context-dependent.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>CSCs are thought to drive cancer metastases and therapeutic resistance. Cells that are in CSC states and more differentiated states appear to be reversible and conditional upon the components of the tumor microenvironment. Signals imposed by tumor microenvironment are of a combinatorial nature, ultimately representing the integration of multiple physical and chemical signals. Comprehensive understanding of the tumor microenvironment-imposed signaling that maintains cells in CSC states may guide future therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40778-020-00182-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25525564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular Complexity of Hemochorial Placenta: Stem Cell Populations, Insights from scRNA-seq, and SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility.","authors":"Christopher S Mallery, Maira Carrillo, Ariel Mei, Ana Correia-Branco, Olga Kashpur, Mary C Wallingford","doi":"10.1007/s40778-021-00194-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40778-021-00194-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The placenta is a transient organ that forms de novo and serves a critical role in supporting fetal growth and development. Placental oxygen, nutrients, and waste are transported through processes that depend on vascular structure and cell type-specific expression and localization of membrane transporters. Understanding how the placenta develops holds great significance for maternal-fetal medicine. The purpose of this review is to examine current information regarding placental progenitor populations.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provide unprecedented depth for the investigation of cell type-specific gene expression patterns in the placenta. Thus far, several mouse placenta scRNA-seq studies have been conducted which produced and analyzed transcriptomes of placental progenitors and cells of the fully developed placenta between embryonic day (E) 7.0 and E12.5. Together with human placenta scRNA-seq data which, in part, has been produced through coordinated research campaigns in the scientific community to understand the potential for SARS-CoV-2 infection, these mammalian studies lend fundamental insight into the cellular and molecular composition of hemochorial placentae found in both mouse and human.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Single-cell placenta research has advanced understanding of tissue-resident stem cells and molecules that are poised to support maternal-fetal communication and nutrient transport. Herein, we provide context for these recent findings by reviewing placental anatomy and cell populations, and discuss recent scRNA-seq mouse placenta findings. Further research is needed to evaluate the utility of placental stem cells in the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of wound healing and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8527817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10612494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Aging.","authors":"Pradeep Ramalingam,&nbsp;Jason M Butler,&nbsp;Michael G Poulos","doi":"10.1007/s40778-021-00198-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-021-00198-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sit at the top of the hierarchy that meets the daily burden of blood production. HSC maintenance relies on extrinsic cues from the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment to balance stem cell self-renewal and cell fate decisions. In this brief review, we will highlight the studies and model systems that define the centralized role of BM vascular endothelium in modulating HSC activity in health and stress.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The BM microenvironment is composed of a diverse array of intimately associated vascular and perivascular cell types. Recent dynamic imaging studies, coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and functional readouts, have advanced our understanding of the HSC-supportive cell types and their cooperative mechanisms that govern stem cell fate during homeostasis, regeneration, and aging. These findings have established complex and discrete vascular microenvironments within the BM that express overlapping and unique paracrine signals that modulate HSC fate.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Understanding the spatial and reciprocal HSC-niche interactions and the molecular mechanisms that govern HSC activity in the BM vascular microenvironment will be integral in developing therapies aimed at ameliorating hematological disease and supporting healthy hematopoietic output.</p>","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8639543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39572486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensing Stemness.","authors":"Teresa V Bowman,&nbsp;Eirini Trompouki","doi":"10.1007/s40778-021-00201-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-021-00201-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are formed embryonically during a dynamic developmental process and later reside in adult hematopoietic organs in a quiescent state. In response to their changing environment, HSCs have evolved diverse mechanisms to cope with intrinsic and extrinsic challenges. This review intends to discuss how HSCs and other stem cells co-opted DNA and RNA innate immune pathways to fine-tune developmental processes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Innate immune receptors for nucleic acids like the RIG-I-like family receptors and members of DNA sensing pathways are expressed in HSCs and other stem cells. Even though the \"classic\" role of these receptors is recognition of foreign DNA or RNA from pathogens, it was recently shown that cellular transposable element (TE) RNA or R-loops activate such receptors, serving as endogenous triggers of inflammatory signaling that can shape HSC formation during development and regeneration.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Endogenous TEs and R-loops activate RNA and DNA sensors, which trigger distinct inflammatory signals to fine-tune stem cell decisions. This phenomenon could have broad implications for diverse somatic stem cells, for a variety of diseases and during aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8639566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39572487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}