Current Stem Cell Reports最新文献

{"title":"Using Organoids to Unlock the Potential of Human Torpor for Spaceflight.","authors":"Jonathan Diaz, Joshua T Maxwell, Paul F Wilson, Alan Jacobson, Anthony Atala, Graça Almeida-Porada, Christopher D Porada","doi":"10.1007/s40778-026-00257-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40778-026-00257-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This paper reviews the current understanding of the potential for humans to enter a state of torpor/hibernation, and discusses the possibility of inducing torpor in astronauts for long-duration space travel, including some of the physiological, technological, and ethical considerations associated with its implementation. By exploring means to induce torpor in various human organoid systems, we hope such research can provides insights to comprehensive solutions to overcome some of the major hurdles that limit the potential for human to enter a state of torpor during long-duration deep-space missions, and contribute to the ongoing efforts to make such missions more feasible and safer for astronauts.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>On future deep space missions such as NASA's planned missions to the Moon, Mars, and near-Earth asteroids, astronauts will be continuously exposed to environments that are radically different from those on Earth, each presenting multiple logistical and physiological challenges. Beyond the well-documented physiological effects of microgravity, space travelers will encounter a complex radiation environment that may contribute to significant short- and long-term adverse effects on human physiology and increase the risk of cancer and other diseases. Besides these physical challenges, life support systems must also be designed to mitigate psychological impacts of long-term isolation and confinement - all of which collectively pose formidable engineering problems. Hibernation/torpor is a state of prolonged inactivity and metabolic depression used by a wide variety of mammals to survive periods of cold temperatures and food scarcity, including some primates and perhaps even an extinct early line of hominins that lived nearly half a million years ago. Since modern humans share common ancestry with these hominins and hibernating primates, it is likely the human genome encodes the necessary genetic information to hibernate, or at least enter the similar, more transient state of torpor. The reduced body activity, lowered metabolism, and decreased energy requirements that characterize torpor suggest that developing means of inducing such a state in astronauts could address these challenges, including providing a degree of radioprotection.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review explores the potential application of human torpor as a countermeasure to address the many challenges posed by long-duration spaceflight beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO), discusses various natural hibernating model systems for studying means of inducing a torpor-like state in humans, and highlights the vast potential of using human organoids to test and validate mechanisms that govern induction and maintenance of torpor to identify the means to one day safely induce this state in astronauts to provide additional protection from the myriad stressors of spaceflight.</p>","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Instability and Clonal Hematopoiesis in the Deep-Space Environment: The Role of Sex-Chromosome Asymmetry and High-LET Radiation.","authors":"Roksana Zakharyan, Ani Stepanyan, Arpine Minasyan, Suren Davitavyan, Gisane Lazaryan, Siras Hakobyan, Agnieszka Brojakowska, Malik Bisserier, Susmita Sahoo, Shihong Zhang, Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati, Mary K Khlgatian, Arsen Arakelyan, David A Goukassian","doi":"10.1007/s40778-026-00255-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40778-026-00255-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This paper examines how deep-space conditions in the Artemis program, including radiation, microgravity, and other stressors affect genomic stability in blood-forming cells, with a focus on clonal hematopoiesis and sex-specific differences in DNA repair and mutation risk.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Studies show space conditions promote mutations in hematopoietic stem cells, with sex-specific effects: males are more vulnerable to Y chromosome loss and structural damage, while females may experience increased epigenetic instability despite protective redundancy from the X chromosome; these risks are amplified by combined stressors like radiation, oxidative stress, and circadian disruption.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Sex chromosome differences play a key role in radiation-induced mutations and clonal expansion, highlighting the need for personalized, sex-specific medical monitoring and countermeasures rather than a uniform approach for astronauts on long-duration missions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13367506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Clinical Experiences Using Preconditioning Approaches to Improve MSC-Based Therapies","authors":"Bryan Le, Amin Cressman, David Morales, Fernando A Fierro","doi":"10.1007/s40778-023-00232-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-023-00232-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Modelling in Stem Cell Biology and Beyond: How to Make Best Use of It","authors":"P. Greulich","doi":"10.1007/s40778-023-00230-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-023-00230-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":"19 3","pages":"67 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MSC-Based Cell Therapy for COVID-19-Associated ARDS and Classical ARDS: Comparative Perspectives","authors":"Daniel J. Weiss, S. Rolandsson Enes","doi":"10.1007/s40778-023-00231-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-023-00231-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":"37 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Approaches for Stem Cells","authors":"Mazlee Mazalan, Tien-Dung Do, Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman, Effirul I. Ramlan","doi":"10.1007/s40778-023-00228-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-023-00228-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription factors and splice factors - interconnected regulators of stem cell differentiation.","authors":"Madison M Mehlferber, Muge Kuyumcu-Martinez, Clint L Miller, Gloria M Sheynkman","doi":"10.1007/s40778-023-00227-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40778-023-00227-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The underlying molecular mechanisms that direct stem cell differentiation into fully functional, mature cells remain an area of ongoing investigation. Cell state is the product of the combinatorial effect of individual factors operating within a coordinated regulatory network. Here, we discuss the contribution of both gene regulatory and splicing regulatory networks in defining stem cell fate during differentiation and the critical role of protein isoforms in this process.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We review recent experimental and computational approaches that characterize gene regulatory networks, splice regulatory networks, and the resulting transcriptome and proteome they mediate during differentiation. Such approaches include long-read RNA sequencing, which has demonstrated high-resolution profiling of mRNA isoforms, and Cas13-based CRISPR, which could make possible high-throughput isoform screening. Collectively, these developments enable systems-level profiling of factors contributing to cell state.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Overall, gene and splice regulatory networks are important in defining cell state. The emerging high-throughput systems-level approaches will characterize the gene regulatory network components necessary in driving stem cell differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49477765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Hematopoietic Stem Cell Dynamics—Insights from Mathematical Modelling","authors":"R. K. Pedersen, Morten Andersen, T. Stiehl, J. Ottesen","doi":"10.1007/s40778-023-00224-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-023-00224-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47871520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Intra-articular Umbilical Cord-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: a Systematic Review","authors":"I. H. Dilogo, A. Lubis, Natasena Galar Perwida, Safinah Aulia Sani, R. A. Rasyidah, Bernadus Riyan Hartanto","doi":"10.1007/s40778-023-00223-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-023-00223-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"17-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43538896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Stochastic and Deterministic Modeling of Stem Cell Dynamics","authors":"Shaojun Gong, Leili Shahriyari","doi":"10.1007/s40778-023-00225-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-023-00225-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37444,"journal":{"name":"Current Stem Cell Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47223375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}