SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL最新文献

{"title":"Oleksandr Tverdokhliebov – historian, ethnographer, literator","authors":"L. V. Mishchenko","doi":"10.21272/shaj.2021.i37.p.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2021.i37.p.19","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the life and scientific achievements of Olexandr Tverdokhliebov (historian, ethnographer, writer, teacher, member of the Kharkiv Historical and Philological Society, archivist of the Kharkiv Historical and Philological Society, member of the project of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire, dedicated to various studies activist, member of the Okhtyrka Enlightenment (1917–1918), whose scientific work on the history of Slobidska and Left-Bank Ukraine still remains on time and which significance of works for historical and regional scientific research on the history of Slobidska Ukraine. The manuscripts of the researcher, which are stored in the funds of the Okhtyrka Museum of Local Lore, archival institutions, confirming the exceptional importance of works for historical and regional scientific research on the history of Slobidska Ukraine, which are published and currently important nowadays.\u0000\u0000The historical essay “City of Akhtyrka” describes all aspects of life of the inhabitants of the provincial Slobozhansk city in Kharkiv province in the XIX century, where the author delineates the historical and geographical features of the city, its physical and geographical characteristics, settlement history and version of the origin of the city name. The industrial development of the city of Okhtyrka is illuminated in the work “The fate of the tobacco factory, established under Peter I in Akhtyrka”, where the historian described the socioeconomic and production conditions of tobacco growing and tobacco production. In the research and description of Orthodox parishes, churches and monasteries of Okhtyrka district of Kharkiv province, which are described in the work “On the history of Skelsky monastery”. The author showed the formation of the monastery economy, in particular, its land tenure, which was an extremely important issue for the monastery, which was associated with the names of famous in the Left Bank of Ukraine family Shimonovsky, Hetmans I. Mazepa and I. Skoropadsky.\u0000\u0000The creative work of the historian includes explorations dedicated to Kotelevshchina, where the author provided information about the geographical location, socio-economic development of the region; archaeological monuments, features and descriptions of Kotelva buildings.\u0000\u0000Tverdokhlebov’s ethnographic studies for the purpose of collecting folklore material became the basis of scientific ideas, methods of collecting ethnographic materials. The researcher managed to record many songs, thoughts of blind people, lyre players, bandura players of Okhtyrka district, whi ch were written from lyrici sts Glushchenko and Gordienko. Ethnographic explorations became the basis for writing the works “Old World Carnival”, “Popivna”, “From the Past and Present Povorsklania” and others. O. Tverdokhlebov as a participant in the project of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire, which was devoted to the study of handicraf ts i n different regions, studied pottery, ","PeriodicalId":373935,"journal":{"name":"SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122430044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ivan Kavaleridze`s dramaturgy on the Sumy stage","authors":"D. Budianskyi","doi":"10.21272/shaj.2021.i36.p.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2021.i36.p.37","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristic features of I. Kavaleridze’s drama is considered in the article. It is noted that there are signs of the artist’s individuality, attraction to expressionist forms, artistic techniques characteristic for the art of sculpture: symbolism, monumentality, hyperbole. I. Kavaleridze was well versed in the drama laws, understood the specifics of the stage events construction, had a large arsenal of literary means, thanks to which the characters’ monologues and dialogues were extremely expressive and colorful. In his work, he implemented original solutions that were ahead of time. Therefore, many of the artist’s ideas and achievements received due recognition only after his death. I. Kavaleridze’s creative heritage covers a wide range of both purely artistic and general philosophical problems. Among them the formation of the era of modernism and its features in the Ukrainian art of the early XX century, the impact of revolutionary ideas on the work of the 1920s, the role of spiritual leaders of the Ukrainian people T. Shevchenko and G. Skovoroda in the formation of national consciousness, political and ideological pressure on figurative art language and the formation of a socialist-realist canon, etc. The analysis of the productions of I. Kavalerizde’s plays “The First Furrow” and “Gregory and Paraskeva” on the stage of the Mykhailo Shchepkin Sumy Theater of Drama and Musical Comedy in 1970-1972. The article notes that these plays were staged in Sumy for the first time in the history of Ukrainian theater. The premiere of “The First Furrow” (the play was called “Old Men”) took place on March 19, 1970. The figure of the national genius Hryhoriy Skov oroda was als o embodied for the first time on t he stage in Sumy in th e play “Hryhoriy and Paraskeva”. It premiered on October 21, 1972. I. Rybchynsky, Honored Artist of the USSR, performed the production. Creating generalized historical outlines of people’s life, features of life at that time, depicting psychological portraits of people in various, sometimes-dramatic collisions, in the productions of I. Kavaleridze’s plays on the Sumy stage the emphasis was on universal values such as virtue, love. The main character was the Ukrainian people, who nurtured such large-scale historical figures, gave them strength and wisdom for great achievements. Based on publications in periodicals of that time, memoirs of Ukrainian directors, the peculiarities of the director’s interpretation, stenographic and musical design of these plays on the Sumy stage are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of acting works in I. Kavaleridze’s plays. In particular, the peculiarities of the actor’s embodiment of the image of the national genius Hryhoriy Skovoroda on the stage are presented. It is noted that I. Kavaleridze’s plays, created in a difficult political, social and ideological context, are rightly considered to be highly artistic works of Ukrainian drama. Their staging was carried out on","PeriodicalId":373935,"journal":{"name":"SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130334389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activities of excise supervision of the Ministry of finance of the Romanov‘s Empire on the Left-Bank Ukraine during the introducion of excise Wine Reform in the second half of XIX century","authors":"M. Ponyrko","doi":"10.21272/shaj.2021.i37.p.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2021.i37.p.5","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work – is to generalize how the regulatory and administrative transformations that took place in the central office of excise supervision of the Romanov Empire, affected the activities of excise officials on the Left-Bank Ukraine, in the context of excise wine reform in the second half XIX century. Based on the official reports of the Ministry of Finance, professional research information, especially contemporary publicists and archival documents for the most complete verification of data, the normative transformations of excise supervisory bodies, during the excise wine reform on the Left-Bank Ukraine, during the second half of the XIX century. It is noted that the excise wine reform led to an improvement in the quality of work, in particular the structures of excise supervision, as the wine excise was levied with overfulfillment.\u0000As a result of the introduction of the excise system for regulating the circulation of alcoholic beverages, managers of the provincial excise duties were given administrative powers to increase the budget content of the revenue side, which previously belonged to the central administration, which confirmed the strengthening of regional bureaucracy.\u0000It is noted that one of the most important requirements for the regulation of reforms was the maximum reductions of costs, including the maintenance of employees. It is revealed that the preconditions for the increase in profits from the circulation of alcoholic beverages were due to an increase in the excise duty on alcoholic beverages rather than an increase in drinking, and occurred mainly in the interests of the treasury, with an increase in patent fees for alcohol. In particular, similar trends were implemented in the Left-Bank Ukraine. Moreover, the vast majority of taxpayers were small in their production capacity and human resources, so it was allowed to obtain patents for retail outlets for a period of six months. It was emphasized that the legal regulation and practice of excise departments have changed in the direction of increasing administrative control over the principle of free retail, alcoholic beverages, which was the basic of excise system.\u0000After the introduction of the excise system for regulating the circulation of alcoholic beverages, the government’s control over distilling and wine trade was strengthened, which included the expansion and complication of excise supervision, and which actually expanded the staff of provincial and county excise administrations.\u0000In the context of the relationship between the state treasury and local governments in general, excise supervisors acted from the position of the central budget, which reduced local budget revenues, which were “tied” to subsidies from the central budget, and led in particular to local communities to promote patentless alcohol trade.\u0000The transformation of excise supervisory bodies that took place during the excise wine reform on the Left-Bank Ukraine during the second half of the 1","PeriodicalId":373935,"journal":{"name":"SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130370029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archives and Politics in Ukraine of the XX-XXI Centuries","authors":"Оlexandr М. Ignatusha","doi":"10.21272/shaj.2020.i34.p.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2020.i34.p.5","url":null,"abstract":"Relations between state policy and the state of archival affairs in Ukraine during the XX – the beginning of the XXI centuries are analyzed. The content and forms of activity of the archives are characterized. Based on the legislative acts, the stages of the evolution of archival institutions of Ukraine are given. The negative effects of the Soviet political system on the structure and network of archival bodies, qualitative composition of employees, and the biased nature of the formation of a documentary base are highlighted. The example of the fate of Ukrainian archivists illustrates the deformation of the archival industry. The existence of a separate vertical of the party archives, contrary to the idea of a single archival fund, is shown. The tragic role of the leadership of the branch by the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs-Ministry of Internal Affairs, which lasted from 1938 to 1961, is noted. The content of political orders from the authorities is disclosed. The presence of the Russian ideological factor in the publications of Ukrainian archivists is demonstrated. The importance of archival periodicals and information technologies is emphasized. Changes in archival construction after Ukraine acquired the state sovereignty is revealed: an update of the legal basis and philosophy of national archival construction. The importance of the establishment and operation of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Archival Affairs and Records Keeping was evaluated. Contemporary contradictions, relics, and recurrences of the old political system in the practice of archival construction are outlined. An information breakthrough provided by free access for researchers to the Sectoral State Archives of the Security Service of Ukraine is acknowledged. By the permission dated 2019 free copy of archival documents promoted profound scientific researches and restoration of historical memory. Conclusion about the integral connection between the functioning of the archival system in Ukraine of the XX-XXI centuries and state-political and social transformations is made.\u0000\u0000Keywords: archives, historical sources, politics, Soviet state, power, ideology, Communist Party, National Archival Fund.","PeriodicalId":373935,"journal":{"name":"SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123375356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The help of the ukrainian diaspora for Ukraine: the example of Bohdan Hawrylyshyn.","authors":"P.M. Gavrylyshyn","doi":"10.21272/shaj.2022.i39.p.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2022.i39.p.33","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to understand how the representative of the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada and the diaspora, Bohdan Havrylyshyn, managed to incorporate into Ukrainian society and the state during the period of restoration of its statehood. The author analyzed the activities of the well-known representative of the diaspora, Bohdan Gavrylyshyn, in favor of independent Ukraine. The main milestones of his biography are presented. Since childhood, he wanted to become a sufficiently authoritative person to influence the development of Ukrainian society. The periods of his life in such countries as Poland, Canada, Switzerland and Ukraine are revealed. The factors influencing the formation of the outlook of the future scientist and public figure are described. The formation of Bohdan Gavrylyshyn’s professional career and his gaining authority in the world as an excellent lecturer, scientist and director of the Management Training Center in Geneva are considered. His first three visits to Ukraine were analyzed. His friendly contacts in Ukraine, the institutions he founded (International Institute of Management in Kyiv, International Foundation «Renaissance», International Center for Prospective Studies), their influence and significance for Ukrainian society are shown. The creation of the Advisory Council under the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is described. His actions in favor of Plast, in particular during the time when he headed it, are highlighted. In particular, assistance regarding Plast’s entry into the World Organization of the Scout Movement. The activity of the Bohdan Havrylyshyn Charitable Foundation was shown, which aimed to prepare projects and internship programs for a new generation of Ukrainians to teach them to work in teams and be able to play a leading role in Ukrainian society.","PeriodicalId":373935,"journal":{"name":"SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125760732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The outline of the history of automobile traffic in the early twentieth century in Sumy.","authors":"D. Kudinov","doi":"10.21272/shaj.2022.i38.p.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2022.i38.p.34","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the publication is to reveal the essence of automobile movement in Sumy as a social cause, to describe its main tendencies and indicate the role of individuals in the development of local motorism. The topicality of the research is preconditioned by the lack of scientific investigation on this topic, as well as the need to supplement the general picture of the development of motorism in the Russian Empire. Various aspects of automobile traffic in Sumy have been considered (the concept of “automobile movement” is indicated in the meaning of a social phenomenon): auto trade, auto repair, the introduction of local traffic rules, automobile accidents, the formation of a stratum of drivers and car owners, their participation in races and rallies. In particular, the businesses of the owner of the first car dealership in Sumy Kaidansky and his competitor Poguliaichenko are mentioned as well as the existence of the Gerenshtein-Yankovsky auto repair shop. The main traffic rules adopted by the Sumy City Duma in 1908 are specified. On the basis of reports of the local press, typical traffic violations with the participation of cars are analyzed: crashes with horse-drawn vehicles, speeding, drunk driving, cutting in buildings and pedestrians. Special attention is paid to the public organization of motorists – Sumy Automobile Club established in 1912. In particular, the main provisions of the club’s statute, the rights and obligations of its participants have been analyzed. The names of some of its members have been specified. The activity of the organization and its place in the all-Russian automobile traffic have been assessed. The role of Sumy passionaries of motorism – entrepreneurs Ivan Leshchinsky and Eduard Kaidansky is emphasized. In particular, their participation in races and runs is mentioned. At the same time, the Moscow – Berlin – Paris rally where the Kaidansky team took part on a Mitchell car is covered more widely. Also, the brands of cars of Leshchinsky’s garage are named and the preferences for the cars of the sugar producer Pavel Kharitonenko are revealed. The appearance of departmental cars at the Sumy district administration is analyzed, the need for their use in the economic needs of the local government is determined. The duties of the zemstvo in the use of transport to the military department are clarified. The names of some of the chauffeurs who worked for private individuals and in the zemstvo are identified.","PeriodicalId":373935,"journal":{"name":"SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129505583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ukrainian chronicles, diaries-chronicles of the 17th–18th centuries about the economy and money circulation of the Cossack Hetmanate","authors":"A.M. Kliuiev, O. Chumachenko","doi":"10.21272/shaj.2022.i39.p.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2022.i39.p.5","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the authors consider Cossack chronicles and diaries of the 17th–18th centuries. from the point of view of covering the issue of economy and money circulation of the Cossack Hetmanate. The source value of each of them is not the same, but they are united by a common idea such as the formation and strengthening of the Cossack Hetmanate of Ukraine, the establishment of economic independence and the struggle of the Ukrainian Hetmans to preserve their autonomy in the conditions of the “Ruin” and the attack on the rights of the Hetmanateby the Russian tsars in XVIII century. It has been investigated that during the reign of the Polish king Sigismund III (1587–1632), the expansion of trade relations led to the spread of gold and coarse silver coins (ducats and thalers) in Ukrainian lands from the countries of Western Europe. Permanent wars waged in the 17th century between Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Turkey exhausted the Polish and Ukrainian economies, the prices of grain and other food products rose, and the value of the thaler and ducat gradually increased. Describing the period of the Russian orders spreading in the Hetmanate under Hetman Ivan Briukhovetskyi (1663–1668), HryhoriyHrabianka clarifies the newly introduced monetary and in-kind taxes introduced in the 60s of the 17th century. There are facts about the use of gold coins in the currency of the Hetmanship and their rate against the Russian ruble and Western European money in the Cossack annals. Another stable unit on the money market was the gold ducat, which was called “red gold” in Ukraine during the period. Chronicles of the beginning of the 18th century are increasingly called Russian small (denga and kopeck) and heavy silver coins and rubles which were introduced into monetary circulation by Peter I. But as M. Kotlyar testifies, were found and investigated 67 Ukrainian finds of this period which contained not only Russian coins but also Western European coins, mainly of the 17th century. Thus, we can make sure that S. Velychko exaggerated the rate of displacement of Western European coins by Russian from the Ukrainian market after the Battle of Poltava in 1709. The monetary figure of the Left Bank of the first third of the 18th century, as evidenced by the above-mentioned diaries, is rather complex: they counted both in the Lithuanian and Polish ways. Copies, gold coins, thalers and Russian kopecks and rubles were used as units of account. This reflected the state of the money market at the time, in which foreign coins and numerals were more common than Russian ones. In the written sources of Left Bank Ukraine, the largest number of references to the сzechs (one-and-a-half pennies) refers to the first quarter of the 18th century. This coincides with evidence of numismatic material regarding the greatest spread of сzechs in the circulation of the Left Bank of the mentioned period. However, in the next two or three decades сzechs remained one of the popular coins of ","PeriodicalId":373935,"journal":{"name":"SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128909733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activities of the state labour reserves system as an urbanization factor in after-war Ukraine (1945 – the early 1950s).","authors":"V. M. Korol","doi":"10.21272/shaj.2022.i38.p.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2022.i38.p.57","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to analyzing the role, scale of influence and significance of the Labour Reserves system for the post-war urbanization processes in Ukraine.\u0000The State Labour Reserves (SLR) was a Soviet centralized structure that mobilized young people, trained skilled workers, and accumulated and distributed this new personnel among enterprises in strategic industries and infrastructure. The activity of the State Labour Reserves system of the USSR became a rather specific factor that played a significant role in the urban development of Ukraine during the period of Late Stalinism.\u0000The real impact of the Labour Reserves on urbanization processes was:\u0000– the mechanical movement of a significant number of young people from rural areas to cities;\u0000– the transformation of potential workers in the agricultural sector into industrial workers, increasing the share of the working class compared to the collective and state farm peasantry;\u0000– the creating conditions for inculcating the urban way of life to young people mobilized from the countryside, their incorporation into urban society.\u0000The real reasons for the establishment of forced conscription into SLR facilities were the general militarization of the economy and society at the time, as well as the unpopularity of the hard-working jobs to which conscripts were sent, effectively using non-economic coercion.\u0000It was assumed that a significant mass of young people had to move centrally from rural areas to industrial centres (that is, urban settlements).\u0000Youth appeals to SLR facilities during the post-war reconstruction led to the organized migration of about three-quarters of a million young people from rural areas to cities. The cities of Eastern Ukraine (mostly Donbas) were the most significant areas of such centralized movement under the auspices of the Labour Reserves.\u0000Soviet labour laws of the 1940s were analyzed. It was found that fleeing Labour Reserves and illegally leaving the workplace was considered a criminal offence and punishable by imprisonment.\u0000The USSR State Labour Reserves system became one of the tools to control and regulate urbanization processes in the country for the Stalinist totalitarian regime.\u0000Mobilized boys and girls were involved in non-agricultural sectors of the economy. They were forced to quickly get used to anonymous transactions among the large population of Ukrainian cities and inevitably changed their way of life, becoming part of a new generation of urban society.\u0000The research is based on materials from the Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine and the State Archives of Sumy region.","PeriodicalId":373935,"journal":{"name":"SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL","volume":"os-6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127850887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unknown Documents of 1734 About Swedish Citizens Taken Into Serfdom","authors":"S. I. Degtyarev, Violetta S. Molchanova","doi":"10.21272/shaj.2019.i32.p.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2019.i32.p.12","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to the publication and analysis of two previously unknown handwritten documents of 1734. These documents contain information on several persons of Swedish nationality, which were illegally taken out by the Russian nobleman I. Popov during the Northern War from the territory of Sweden. Materials are stored in the State Archives of the Sumy region. They are part of the archival case of Okhtyrka District Court, but they are not thematically connected with it. These documents were once part of a much larger complex of materials. They refer to the request of former Swedish nationals to release them from serfdom from the Belgorod and Kursk landlords Popov and Dolgintsev. The further fate of these people remained unknown. But it is known that they were mistreated by their masters. Russian legislation at the time prohibited such treatment of persons of Swedish nationality. This was discussed in terms of the peace agreement Nishtadskoyi 1721. The two documents revealed illustrate the episodes of the lives of several foreigners who were captured. The analyzed materials give an opportunity to look at a historical phenomenon like a serfdom in the territory of the Russian Empire under a new angle. They allow us to study one of the ways to replenish the serfs. Documents can also be used as a source for the study of some aspects of social history, in biographical studies. The authors noted that the conversion to the property of the enslaved people of other nationalities was a very common practice in the XVII-XIX centuries. This source of replenishment of the dependent population groups were popular in many nations in Europe, Asia and Africa since ancient times. For example, in the Crimean Khanate, Turkey, Italy, Egypt, the nations of the Caucasus and many others.\u0000Кeywords: Sweden, Russian Empire, historical source, documents, Russo-Swedish War, Nistadt Treaty, Viborg, Swedish citizens, enslavement, serfdom.","PeriodicalId":373935,"journal":{"name":"SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128793805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural societies and the Ministry of agriculture of the Russian Empire: dependence or cooperation (second half of XIX – early XX centuries)","authors":"M. Lysenko","doi":"10.21272/shaj.2021.i37.p.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2021.i37.p.42","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the relations of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Empire with agricultural societies of the Ukrainian provinces in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The structural reorganizations of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Department of Agriculture, to which agricultural societies were directly subordinated, are clarified.\u0000Since the establishment of the Ministry of State Property, it was believed that agriculture could not be managed and had to be influenced by indirect methods. In our view, this position of the authorities to some extent prepared the ground for the spread of public associations that focused their activities on the agricultural sector. In our opinion, a certain change in the attitude of the Ministry of Agriculture to agricultural societies took place in the 1880s. In order to increase the efficiency of provincial work, the agricultural department decided to use agricultural societies more actively, not only for educational purposes but also for representative ones, informing etc.\u0000During the studied period, the status of public associations was discussed by both city officials and local public. In fact, agricultural societies of the second half of the 19th century were intermediaries between government agencies and agricultural population of the Ukrainian provinces. At the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries the situation changed. We emphasize the quantitative increase of peasant agricultural societies, in particular, associated with the reforms of P.A. Stolypin. Public organizations were engaged not only in cultural work, but also in production and marketing, which became a new area of their activity.\u0000Agricultural societies were characterised by a high degree of loyalty to the existing political system. Belief in the power of the state and in the possibility of attracting state support to solve their problems was an integral part of the public views of their members. Therefore, it was quite natural for the leaders of agricultural societies to establish constructive relations with local authorities. Officials were often honorary members of agricultural societies, and their initiatives received organizational and financial assistance from government agencies. The beginning of the First World War testified to the continuation of relations in the changed conditions. However, in our opinion, their public service was gradually transformed into public duty.\u0000The article concludes that the credo of agricultural societies was to find the middle ground, an alternative to bureaucratic and revolutionary methods of solving the agrarian problem. Therefore, even in periods of growing political confrontation in society, the contradictions of these organisations with the government were not fundamental or protracted.","PeriodicalId":373935,"journal":{"name":"SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127750780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}