1734年关于瑞典公民沦为农奴的未知文件

S. I. Degtyarev, Violetta S. Molchanova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项工作致力于出版和分析两个以前不为人知的1734年手写文件。这些文件载有几名瑞典国籍人士的资料,这些资料是在北方战争期间由俄罗斯贵族I.波波夫从瑞典领土非法带走的。材料存放在苏梅地区的国家档案馆。它们是Okhtyrka地方法院档案案件的一部分,但它们在主题上与之无关。这些文件曾经是一个更大的复杂材料的一部分。他们指的是前瑞典国民要求将他们从别尔哥罗德和库尔斯克地主波波夫和多尔金采夫手中解放出来。这些人的未来命运仍然未知。但众所周知,他们受到了主人的虐待。当时的俄罗斯立法禁止对瑞典国籍的人给予这种待遇。这是在1721年尼什塔兹科伊和平协议中讨论的。曝光的两份文件说明了几名被捕外国人的生活片段。通过分析这些资料,可以从新的角度审视俄罗斯帝国领土上的农奴制等历史现象。它们使我们研究了补充农奴的途径之一。在传记研究中,文献也可以作为研究社会历史某些方面的资料来源。作者指出,在十七至十九世纪,将其他民族的奴隶的财产转换为其他民族的奴隶的财产是一种非常普遍的做法。这种依赖人口群体的补充来源自古以来在欧洲、亚洲和非洲的许多国家都很流行。例如,在克里米亚汗国,土耳其,意大利,埃及,高加索地区和许多其他国家。Кeywords:瑞典,俄罗斯帝国,历史来源,文件,俄瑞战争,尼斯塔特条约,维堡,瑞典公民,奴役,农奴制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Unknown Documents of 1734 About Swedish Citizens Taken Into Serfdom
This work is devoted to the publication and analysis of two previously unknown handwritten documents of 1734. These documents contain information on several persons of Swedish nationality, which were illegally taken out by the Russian nobleman I. Popov during the Northern War from the territory of Sweden. Materials are stored in the State Archives of the Sumy region. They are part of the archival case of Okhtyrka District Court, but they are not thematically connected with it. These documents were once part of a much larger complex of materials. They refer to the request of former Swedish nationals to release them from serfdom from the Belgorod and Kursk landlords Popov and Dolgintsev. The further fate of these people remained unknown. But it is known that they were mistreated by their masters. Russian legislation at the time prohibited such treatment of persons of Swedish nationality. This was discussed in terms of the peace agreement Nishtadskoyi 1721. The two documents revealed illustrate the episodes of the lives of several foreigners who were captured. The analyzed materials give an opportunity to look at a historical phenomenon like a serfdom in the territory of the Russian Empire under a new angle. They allow us to study one of the ways to replenish the serfs. Documents can also be used as a source for the study of some aspects of social history, in biographical studies. The authors noted that the conversion to the property of the enslaved people of other nationalities was a very common practice in the XVII-XIX centuries. This source of replenishment of the dependent population groups were popular in many nations in Europe, Asia and Africa since ancient times. For example, in the Crimean Khanate, Turkey, Italy, Egypt, the nations of the Caucasus and many others. Кeywords: Sweden, Russian Empire, historical source, documents, Russo-Swedish War, Nistadt Treaty, Viborg, Swedish citizens, enslavement, serfdom.
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